1、2020-2021 学年高一英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第三册 Unit 4 单元过关演练 本套试卷总分 120 分。考试时间 100 分钟。 第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Grard Mourou. Its the first time in 55 years
2、 that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicistspast and presentwho actually deserve the prize. Jocelyn Bell Burnell Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars(射 电脉冲星)in 1967, when sh
3、e was a PhD student at University of Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognized this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a $2.3m Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, “I fee
4、l Ive done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.” Lene Hau Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Haus year? Ver
5、a Rubin Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee. Chien-Shiung Wu Wus “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity(宇称守恒定律)”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and
6、 instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study. Lise Meitner Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-leader, Ott
7、o Hahn. ()1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognized by the Nobel committee? A.In 1944.B.In 1967.C.In 1974.D.In 1980. ()2.Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text? A.Donna Strickland.B.Jocelyn Bell Burnell. C.Lene Hau.D.Vera Rubin. ()3.What do we know abo
8、ut the five females? A.The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry. B.Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry. C.Lise Meitners teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work. D.All their findings havent been recognized by the Nobel committee. B Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski met in their
9、 first physical chemistry class at the University of Michigan in 1940. Jerome Karle was in his first year of doctoral work, Isabella Lugoski was in her last year as an undergraduate(大学本科生), and they were laboratory partners. However, they didnt get along well at first. Isabella Lugoski looked back o
10、n the past, “I walked into the physical chemistry laboratory and there was a young man in the desk next to mine with his equipment all set up running his experiment. I dont think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up. He didnt like that
11、. So we didnt talk to each other for a while.” Their relationship got going as they competed for the top grade in that course and they started to build connection because both of them were interested in chemistry. They married in 1942. By 1946, both of the Karles had earned doctorates in physical ch
12、emistry, and, after a period of time at the University of Chicago working on the Manhattan Project, they moved to Washington D.C. to join the US Naval Research Laboratory. Each specialized in a different aspect of X-ray crystallography(晶体学): Jerome focused on developing equations(方程式)that could dete
13、rmine how atoms(原子)were arranged inside complex molecules, while Isabella ran practical experiments to test how well the equations worked. Working together, they created what is now called the direct method for determining molecular structures(分子结构), which has allowed scientists to effectively study
14、 and copy complex organic molecules to continue further study. Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985. Although he was disappointed that the Nobel committee had ignored Isabellas contribution to that work, she was unfazed. At that point, she had already won more awards and pri
15、ze money for her experimental work than he had. ()4.What did Isabella Lugoski do when she first met Jerome Karle? A.She blamed him for his being late. B.She set up all his equipment for him. C.She asked him a question impolitely. D.She observed his experiment silently. ()5.What made Jerome Karle and
16、 Isabella Lugoski become connected? A.Their common interest in chemistry. B.Their wonderful marriage since 1940. C.Their pleasant first talk in a laboratory. D.Their successful cooperation in courses. ()6.What is Paragraph 4 mainly intended to show? A.The Karles encouraging further study. B.The Karl
17、es good teamwork in science. C.How the Karles worked with others. D.Why the Karles won the Nobel Prize. ()7.Which of the following best explains “unfazed” underlined in the last paragraph? A.Generous.B.Touched. C.Shocked.D.Calm. C Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type O blood. T
18、ype O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood. There are four main kinds of blood. Most people born with one of these four: Type A, Type B, Type AB or Type O. Type O can be safely given to
19、 anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood. The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules(分子). These molecules are found on the surface of the cells. They are known as antigens(抗原).
20、These antigens are found with type A, B and AB blood but not with type O. More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type cells. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes(酶). But large amounts of enzymes were re
21、quired to make the change. Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it co
22、uld become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood. ()8.How do scientists deal with the problem of lacking type O blood? A.Hope more people to donate type O blood. B.Make the most of the present type O blood. C.Develop new ways of using type O blood. D.Make type O bl
23、ood out of other kinds of blood. ()9.What make(s) people have different kinds of blood? A.Sugar molecules in red blood cells. B.Peoples different living conditions. C.Peoples various immune systems. D.The variety of peoples cells and genes. ()10.What can we infer from the text? A.Type O blood can be
24、 safely given to anyone. B.Antigens could easily be removed to create universal blood. C.A Danish company wanted to involve itself in studying blood. D.The new method is not safe enough to be put into use in hospitals now. ()11.What is the best title for the text? A.Four different kinds of blood B.A
25、 new way to make type O blood C.The latest research on blood type D.Find the proper type of blood D 3-D printing is a recent technological development that has started making its way into the marketplace. It is a way of making 3-D objects from computer models. 3-D printing works by adding together l
26、ayers of material. This pattern is repeated until the layers form a shape for almost any purpose. The almost unlimited possibility of 3-D printing is quickly leading to a revolution in how things are made and produced. As with most technology, 3-D printing may help to create things that could benefi
27、t humans. However, it could also be used to create things that could harm other people. One of the promising aspects of 3-D printing is that it may help doctors treat patients in need. Currently 3-D printing is being used to create prostheses (假体) that help replace missing noses and eyeballs, thus g
28、reatly cutting down on the usual wait time for a new prosthesis. Dentists are also using 3-D printers to create custom toothbrushes for patients teeth. The toothbrush fits a persons teeth well, which means that he or she gets a much cleaner mouth than with regular toothbrushes. Many scientists see t
29、he potential for 3-D printing to create replacement organs for people who need organ transplants. This would save lives as it removes the need for such patients to wait for an organ donation(捐献). Although many people believe 3-D printing is a positive technology that could help humans, it may also h
30、ave the opposite effect. There is a recent controversy(争议)about the ability of 3-D printing to produce arms such as guns. Recently, one organization announced the plans to produce a 3-D plastic gun. Anyone with the proper technology and with the determination to make a gun could potentially do so. W
31、ill the future of 3-D printing provide hope or danger for humans? ()12.According to the article, how does 3-D printing work? A.It helps companies enter the marketplace. B.It adds together layers of material to make a shape. C.It uses 3-D objects to make computer models. D.It uses printers to make di
32、fferent models of computers. ()13.According to the article, what is one possible future benefit of 3-D printing? A.It may help to prevent deaths. B.It can create controversy. C.It can make a toothbrush. D.It could produce computers. ()14.Which paragraph talks about the controversial aspects of 3-D p
33、rinting? A.Paragraph 1.B.Paragraph 2. C.Paragraph 3.D.All of the above. ()15.What can be inferred from the article? A.It is not yet known whether there will be more benefits than dangers in 3-D printing. B.Most of companies will start to use 3-D printing technology in the future. C.Soldiers will ben
34、efit greatly from advances in 3-D printing. D.The government will probably forbid 3-D printing because it is too dangerous. 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。 Franklins experiment: How much is true? Benjamin Franklins famous lightning experiment has introduce
35、d generations of children to science. 16. The well-known story is that Franklin flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity. 17.He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A
36、metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 18.This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity. For years, schools have taught this story and it has inspired us and taught us that scientific expe
37、riments are important to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklins experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned
38、 what really happened. 19.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on
39、Newtons head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. 20.But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or heareven if it is a great story. A.Franklin was one of them. B.The details about the string and the key are tr
40、ue. C.Its true that many discoveries start with an experiment. D.Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. E.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. F.However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. G.This experiment
41、proves beyond any doubt that lightning is an electric phenomenon. 第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Angela used to fly. Using her21for wings, Angela would run faster than anyone. Now, she thought, “I am22than everyone.” She was the last to
42、get off the school bus, with the help of walking sticks. “You must be Angela!” a girl came to her. “Im Laurie, your instructor. Are you ready to learn to ski?” “No,” Angela answered, but still followed Laurie into the changing room. “I can understand how you feel.” Before Angela said anything, Lauri
43、e23her trousers and showed her left 24leg. Angelas mouth dropped open. “Three-track skiing(三板滑雪) was designed for people like us. If I can learn to ski,25can you,” Laurie said. They put on the regular ski, and used outriggers(支架) to26. Laurie and Angela made their way to the27track. Angela spent the
44、 morning climbing and falling, sliding and falling, and turning and28. She felt disappointed and 29. “OK, last one try before lunch,” Laurie said after they climbed up the hill once again.30 Angela managed to follow Laurie down the small hill without falling. When she stopped beside Laurie at the bo
45、ttom, she punched her fist in the air and said, “Yes!” After lunch, they moved to a higher place. Looking down from the top, Angela felt31. “I cant go down that!” she cried. “Follow me!” Laurie32. “You are doing great! Try to be Flying Angela again.” “That was before I lost my leg33cancer,” Angela w
46、hispered. “Trust34,” Laurie said. Angela took a deep breath, then leaned forward, sped up, took turns and skied down the hill. Faster. Faster. It felt like35. ()21.A. hands B. armsC. bodyD. feet ()22.A. strongerB. weakerC. swifterD. slower ()23.A. rolled upB. dressed up C. put on D. relied on ()24.A
47、. powerfulB. magicalC. universalD. artificial ()25.A. either B. neitherC. soD. also ()26.A. exploreB. solve C. replaceD. balance ()27.A. advancedB. beginnerC. longestD. fast ()28.A. falling B. going C. skiing D. moving ()29.A. sensitiveB. hopelessC. energeticD. confident ()30.A. LuckilyB. BrieflyC.
48、LogicallyD. Peacefully ()31.A. frightened B. frightening C. excitedD. exciting ()32.A. shoutedB. screamedC. whispered D. encouraged ()33.A. resulting in B. according toC. because of D. so that ()34.A. myselfB. I C. yourselfD. you ()35.A. runningB. skiing C. walkingD. flying 第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分
49、15 分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ancient China lived an artist 36.paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their 37.(fine) work, so that he could cho
50、ose the best. The artist was sure he would 38.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. Filled with 39.(curious), the a
