1、Unit 4scientists who changed the world Welcome to the unit 1. The scientists is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth. Motivate sb to do Sb is motivated to do Motivation 2. They made a difference to the world. 3. The first hybrid rice varieties 4.The field of general relativity Rea
2、ding 1. Behind every scientific discovery lies a lot of hard work. 2. Tu youyou has become the first female scientists of china to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contributing to fight against ., one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 3. thanks to her discovery of., patients all over
3、 the world have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 4. Born in., tu studied medicine at university . 5. She completed further training courses in traditional chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of traditional chinese medicine and western medicine. 6. Her education was soon to prove
4、 useful. 7. In the 1960s, many people were dying of ., and tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. Intend to do With the intention of . Be intended to do ./ for. have no intention to do sth./of doing sth. 无意做某事 with the intention of 抱有目的；打算 without intention 无意中；不是故意地
5、by intention 故意地 intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 be intended for 专为设计 had intended to do sth./intended to have done 本打算做某事 intend，hope，expect，mean，plan，suppose，want 等表示“打算”，“希望”，“预料”；“计划”，“想” 的动词，它们的“过去完成时done” “一般过去时done”，意为“原本打算/ 希望/想”。 8. She collected 2000 chineses medical recipes for its treatmen
6、t and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. 9. When they failed to produce any promising results, she referred to the ancient books . Refer to 提及，提到； 参考，查阅； 指的是 Reference n. （1）refer to.as 把称为 refer sth./sb. to sth./sb. 将送交给(以求获得帮助等)(征询意见) (2) reference n. 提及；查阅，参考；推荐信；介绍人 in/with referenc
7、e to(所述内容)关于 查词典”的表达方式还有：refer to a dictionary; look sth.up in the dictionary。 。 10. Inspired by an over 1600-year-old text about preparing the extract with cold water, she redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 11. Af
8、ter 190 failures, she succeeded in makingthe extracts that could treat malaria in mice. 12. It was hard to produce enough extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 13. Find the solution to the problem 14. They had to extract herbs using household water containers Household ad
9、j. 家庭的n. 一家人 Recycle household waste Most households own one computer 15. Even with large amounts of extract produced, however, they still face another problems. 16. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. Sufficient= ample= abundant 充足的 大
10、量的 Postpone doing=delay doing 17. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, they volunteered to test it on themselves . Process vt. . Volunteer n. /vt. Voluntary adj. at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of 以速度 pick up speed/gather speed 加速 slow down 减速 with all speed 尽快地 at/with li
11、ghtning speed 以闪电般的速度 18. The efforts finally paid off Pay offvt. 付清工资解雇人还清债务vi. 得到回报； 获得成功 pay back偿还,报复pay for付款pay up总算付清全部欠款 pay in cash用现金支付pay a visit to 参观;拜访pay attention to注意;留心 19. Through trials and error, they successfully discovered. 20. As a key part of medicines, it has since benefite
12、d 2000million patients. 1. benefit vt. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的【同】profit v. 有益于； 获利 n. 利润；利益 benefit vt. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;奖金 benefit from从中获益 be of benefit to.对有益 for ones benefit/for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益 beneficial adj. 有益的 be beneficial to 对有益 21. Tu was eventually awarded a n
13、obel prize 22. She encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level Treasure house 宝库 23. The next generation of scientists , drawing on the wisdom of traditional chinese medicine , will indeed discover more medicines benefici
14、al to global health care. Draw on 利用 动用 PART B 1. She refers to the strengths of traditional chinese medicine and western medicine. Strength 优点 2. There is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths. Realize/fulfill your potential Advance vi. /vt Advanced Adva
15、ncement 3. Their efforts to conduct research may finally pay off. 4. A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of. 5. The chinese herb, qinggao, from which qinggaosu comes, has been used to cure disease for.years. 6. The survival rate of patients has increased by 30%. Increase to. 7.
16、More medical discoveries are likely to be made. Grammar and usage 1. A world-changing discovery 2. Great discoveries come from unlikely sources. 3. pennicilin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history, but it was not what he was looking forwhen he found it i
17、n september . Consider doing . Consider st to be. He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. surround vt. 围绕,环绕surrounding n. 环绕物 adj. 四周的,环绕的surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物 surround vt. 围绕,环绕 surround.with.使包围 be surrounded by/with.被包围 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境,周围的事物 3. S
18、urprised by this, he performed some tests. 4. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteris. 5. He was aware that it could be very useful for treating wounds. Be aware of . Raise/strengthen sbs awareness 6. For more than 10 years, he had been researching the medi
19、cine and trying to make it into an effective medicine. Have been doing .什么时态？ 7. His work caught the attention of some other scientists who were able to do it. 8. Its mass production 9. One might thinkhe discovered the medicine by accident, but this is far from the truth. He was intelligent and expe
20、rienced enough to notice its potential,andhishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetsitsmass production.Fortune favors the prepared mind. By chanceby design Far from 不，远非 *favour n. 赞同；支持；恩惠；偏袒 v. 赞成；偏爱；有利于，有助于favourable adj. 赞同的；支持的；讨 人喜爱的 ask sb. a favour(ask a favour of sb.) 求某人帮一个忙 do a favour for sb.
21、(do sb. a favour) 帮某人一个忙 owe sb. a favour 欠某人的人情 in favour of 赞成，支持；主张 in ones favour 对某人有利 favourable adj. 有利的；赞许的；给人好印象的 11. 10. He was well known for his kite experiment. 11. The story goes like this. 12. He designed an experiment to prove his theory 13. He worked out that by flying a kite during
22、 a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. Work outvt. 想出； 计算出； 完成；vi. 进展；锻炼身体 14.Knowing it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, he held a silk ribbon tied to the end of it. 15.Heattached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. 是定语从句吗？ He attach
23、ed a metal ley at the place where the ribbon and kite line joined. 16. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the ley, Charge sb money for sth Take Charge of. In charge ofin the charge of . My phone is charging Charge sb with sth = accuse sb of sth Charge n. charge n. 负责,掌管 vt. 使
24、承担责任;收费chargeable adj.应支付的,可控诉的 17. Conductedon a stormy day, his experiment proved lightning was really electricity. 18. Some people questioned whether had actually done the experiment. 19. Receive a deadly shock 20. Whatever the truth, he did make contributions to the studies of electricity. Integ
25、rated skills 1. Science festival goes off with a bang Go off 以某种方式发生开火， 爆炸 How did the meeting go off? The fireworks went off all over the town With a bang 极为成功增加文章的趣味性 The concert went with a bang. 2. Our annual school science festival finished on Friday and once again it was amazing. Annually 3. I
26、t showed off all of the students creative talent. Show off 炫耀； 展现自己 4. The mostpopular experiment wasplanets in a bottle, in which students tried to create the conditions of different planets inside glass bottle. 5. It allowed students to get a taste of what it was like to live in outer space. Get a
27、 taste of 亲身体验 6. Every class decorated their classroom and designed activities according to the theme of space. 7. The standout activity of the fair was class 2s big bang Standout= outstanding 8. It has proved to be a huge success due to all of the students hard work- it was a real team effort. Ext
28、ended reading 1. It was obviously useful. 2. During the war i worked on the automatic bomb. This result of science was obviously serious- it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. 3. Is there some evil involved in science? Be involved in 包含，包含， 含有含有牵扯；设及；牵扯；设及； 4. Put a
29、nother way, what is the value of the sciencei had long devoted myself to-the thing i had loved-when i saw what terrible things it could do? 5. The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone; scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 6. It is not only to
30、the credit of science; it is also to the credit of moral choice which led us to good work. credit 信誉, 学分，表扬 To sbs credit 7. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad-but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. *apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n.
31、 申请(书);应用 applicant n. 申请人，应聘人 apply sth. to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于 apply to适用于;申请 apply to.for.向申请 apply oneself to (=be applied to) 致力于/集中精力于 application n. 应用;申请;敷用 applicant n. 申请人 8. Such power has obvious value- even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. 9. Another value of science
32、 is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still 10. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimaginedstrangeness leading on
33、 to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Let sb down 让人失望 Turn over each new stone 进行一次次新的探索 11. Thanks to the scientific efforts, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreams of the past ever could. 12. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance
34、and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of great importance. 13. When., he is ignorant. When he has an ides as to what the result is, he is uncertain. 14. We scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 15. Our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep a
35、nd strong struggle against authority . 16. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. 17. Permit us to question -to doubt-to not be sure. permission n. 准许；许可permit vt. 准许；许可 permit v. 允许；许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照 permit
36、sb. to do. 允许某人做 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. sth. 允许某人做某事 apply for a permit 申请许可证 ask for permission 请求许可 without permission 未经许可 Weather/Time permitting,. 天气/时间允许, 18. It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the
37、value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generation. responsibility n. 责任；职责 responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责的 irresponsible adj.不负责任的 have the responsibility to do 有责任/有义务做 bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承担对的责任，为负责 hide from ones responsibility 逃避责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for 应对负责；对有责任 Declare 声称， 宣称； 宣布，宣告 Declare war against . Declare a state of emergency Project 1. Heputforwardthetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionand published .
