1、空白演示 单击输入您的封面副标题 P3 Grammar and usage Find to-infinitives and figure out their functions. Lead-in He has a difficult problem to deal with. He was the first one to arrive. George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. The bird singing in the tree is beautiful. Her parents
2、 died, leaving him an orphan. I felt somebody standing behind me. Find verb-ing forms and figure out their functions. Lead-in All the broken windows have been repaired. Inspired by Mr Chens speech, they decided to study science harder. I heard my name called in the street. Find verb-ed forms and fig
3、ure out their functions. Lead-in Do you know how penicillin was discovered by Fleming? A Exploring the rules Henry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery. Find the verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. 偶然地，意外地偶然
4、地，意外地远非，几乎相反远非，几乎相反 V-ed forms as attributives something produced by the mould V-ed forms as adverbials V-ed forms as object complements the prepared mind get its mass production started Surprised by this Working out the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a
5、(n) (1) _ (active/passive) meaning. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) (2) _ (relative clause/adverbial clause). The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as attributi
6、ves 1. 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语 a. 及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 一般兼有一般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。 b. 不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 有有主动主动和和完成完成意义。意义。 a grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女 an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯一名逃犯 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上或或 因为受到因
7、为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 2. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级； 3. 被修饰语被修饰语过长过长或有或有其他定语其他定
8、语； 4. 习惯上习惯上作后置定语的作后置定语的V-ed(如如left“剩下的剩下的”) 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 昨晚昨晚被邀请被邀请那些那些所谓的客人所谓的客人是谁呀是谁呀? 她总吃她总吃剩剩饭。饭。 a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter that was written to m
9、e by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 2. V-ed短语作定语短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句定语从句。 3. V-ed有时还可用作有时还可用作非限制性定语非限制性定语，相当于一个，相当于一个非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，前，前 后用逗号分开。后用逗号分开。 a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The houses, which were built last ye
10、ar, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. 去年建的去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。 b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. =Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。 1.
11、There was an _ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. Its wrong for the _ (develop) countries to control the world. 3. I have collected all the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not
12、 expected so. excited developed needed discussed surprised Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as adverbials 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 3.He listened to the heros true story, moved to tears. 4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work
13、much better. 5.Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 6.An old man was crossing the street, supported by his son. 7. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间时间 原因原因 结果结果 条件条件 让步让步 伴随伴随 1. 动词动词-ed形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让步让步、方式方式 或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当
14、于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并列句并列句。 方式方式 1.When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent. 2.Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 3.He listened to the heros true story, and he was moved to tears. 4.If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 5.Although he w
15、as left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 6.An old man was crossing the street, and he was supported by his son. 7.The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by some students. V-ed充当状语时，其充当状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子的主语一致与句子的主语一致。 Change the sentences into complete ones. 1
16、. When heated, ice will be changed into water. 2. Unless invited, I wont attend his wedding. 3. Once caught smoking in the kitchen, the cook will be fired. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. Unless I am invited, I wont attend his wedding. Once the cook is caught smoking in the kitche
17、n, he will be fired. V-ed作状语有时可保作状语有时可保 留留连词连词，构成，构成“连词连词 +V-ed”结构，即结构，即: while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连等连 词词)+V-ed。 Rewrite the following sentences, verb-ed forms as adverbials. 1. He was buried in an ocean of loneliness and felt left out. Buried in an ocean of loneliness, he felt lef
18、t out. 2. As she was given advice by the famous detective, the girl was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the girl was no longer afraid. 3. Even if he was laughed at by many people, he continued his research. Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. Focus on Focus
19、on 基本用法基本用法 forms as object complements 1. 表示表示感观、感觉和发觉感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：的动词。如：watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。等。 When we got to school, we saw the door locked. He found his house broken into when he got back home. V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况： 当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。当我们到学校时，我们
20、看见门锁着。 回到家他发现家被盗。回到家他发现家被盗。 Youd better keep the guests seated. Were having our car repaired. Im trying to get this article finished for Thursday. She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music. 2. 表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词。意义的动词。 如：如：have, make, get, keep等。等。 3. 表示表示“希望、愿望、命令希望、愿望、命令”意义的
21、动词。意义的动词。 如：如：want, expect, would like, wish, order等。等。 The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment. 老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。 I want the suit made to his own measure. 我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。 4. 在在with的复合结构中的复合结构中也可用也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常作宾语补足语。这一结构通常 在句中作在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因时间、方
22、式、条件、原因等状语。等状语。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. With water heated, we can see the steam. With the matter settled, we all went home. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式表方式) 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件表条件) 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因表原因) Fill in the
23、 blanks, using the correct verb forms. 1. I watched him _ (step) off the pavement and _ (disappear) into the post office. 2. The hall was too noisy for the speaker to make himself _ (hear). 3. We found all the rivers seriously _ (pollute). 4. Alice got her bad tooth _ (pull out) in the hospital. ste
24、p polluted disappear pulled out Practice heard 1. 动词动词-ed形式形式作定语作定语： 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语，常放在被修饰词，常放在被修饰词之前之前(left 除外除外)，V-ed短短 语语作定语时要放在被修饰词作定语时要放在被修饰词之后之后。 a. 及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 一般兼有一般兼有 _和和_的意的意 义。义。 b. 不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 有有_和和_意义。意义。 被动被动完成完成 主动主动完成完成 V-ed可充当可充当_、_、_、_、_状语；状语； 其逻辑主语必须与其逻
25、辑主语必须与 _保持一致；保持一致； _+V-ed作状语；作状语； 原因原因时间时间让步让步条件条件 伴随或方式伴随或方式 句子的主语句子的主语 连词连词 2. 动词动词-ed形式形式作状语作状语： 3. 动词动词-ed形式形式作宾语补足语作宾语补足语： 表示表示_的动词。的动词。 表示表示_意义的动词。意义的动词。 表示表示_意义的动词。意义的动词。 with的复合结构的复合结构。 感观、感觉和发觉感观、感觉和发觉 “致使致使” “希望、愿望、命令希望、愿望、命令” B Applying the rules B1 Rewrite the following sentences using v
26、erb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements P49 B1 1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. 2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting. 3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine. 4. The scientist found
27、that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed. 5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. The highly praised scientist won an award. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. The sc
28、ientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. attributive attributive adverbial object complement adverbial B2 Henry is reading an article about Franklins kite experiment. Complete the article below with the correct verb-
29、ed forms or verb-ing forms. Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning (1) _ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He desi
30、gned an experiment to prove his theory. He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2) _ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3) _ (tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk
31、 ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. P49 B2 interesting knowing tied Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4) _ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment pr
32、oved lightning was really just electricity. Franklin had his theory (5) _ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6) _ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin di
33、d make contributions to the studies of electricity. Conducted accepted arguing Looked at a world map and found the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa could fit together; Did more research and put forward the theory of continental drift; Published his ideas in The
34、Origin of Continents and Oceans; People did not accept his theory partly because: it challenged many theories at that time; Wegener could not explain the driving force behind continental drift. Looking at a world map, Alfred Wegener found . Read the notes below about Alfred Wegener and his theory of
35、 continental drift. Then write a short paragraph using verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives. The beginning has been written for you. B3 Looking at a world map, Alfred Wegener found something amazing: the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa seemed to fit
36、 together. He did more research to find out what caused this. Having collected enough evidence, he put forward his theory of continental drift. Then he had his ideas published in The Origin of Continents and Oceans. However, people did not believe in his theory. For one thing, it challenged many sci
37、entific theories widely accepted at that time. For another, Wegener failed to explain the driving force causing the continents to drift apart. Sample 1.（20202020新课标新课标I I卷短文改错卷短文改错) ) I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. . .实战高考。实战高考。 fried 2. (2020新课标新课
38、标IIII卷语法填空卷语法填空)They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. coming 【解析】【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与与 tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用V-ed作定语作定语，故将，故将frying改为改为 fried。 【解析】【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端
39、的美 好祝愿。句中谓语动词为好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词名词earth 与与come back to之间为主动关系之间为主动关系，所以用，所以用V-ing作后置定语作后置定语。故填。故填coming。 3. (2020江苏卷江苏卷) Technological innovations, _ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with 4. (2020新课标新课标II卷语法填空卷语法填空) They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. decorated
