1、Unit4 History and traditions 单元自主综合测试单元自主综合测试 时间：100 分钟满分：120 分 选择题部分 第二部分第二部分阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of c
2、andles. Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. Its nothing personal. MostAmericans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
3、 But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recent
4、ly, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages
5、 of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in Chin
6、a are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon
7、 be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. 1The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _. Aprovide some key facts about Confucius Battract the readers interest in the subject Cshow great respect for the ancient thinker Dprove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations 2We can
8、 learn from Paragraph 4 thatAmerican students _. Ahave a great interest in studying Chinese Btake an active part in Chinese competitions Ctry to get high scores in Chinese exams Dfight for a chance to learn Chinese 3What is the best title for the passage? AForgotten Wisdom in America BHuge Fans of t
9、he Chinese Language CChinese Culture for Westerners DOld Thinker with a Big Future 4The passage is likely to appear in _. Aa biographyBa history paper Ca newspaperDa philosophy textbook B Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people,
10、love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win. One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. “We will rest here tonight, my men，” he said, “Tomorrow we will fight on
11、e more battle. We must win, or we will die.” They were all very tired. So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired,too,and one by one,they fell asleep. The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly the
12、y went up the hill.Closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fight
13、ing was hard, but it did not last long.The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland. The thistle is not a beautiful plant.It hassharp needles W3 all over it. Few people liked it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower. 5Hundreds of years ago, the Rom
14、ans _. Acame from the north through England to make war on Scotland Bcame from the south through England to make war on Scotland Ccame from the north of England to fight the Scots Dcame to the north from the south of Britain to fight the Scots 6The Scots were waken because _. Athey were too tired to
15、 sleep well Bone of the guards pretended to sleep Cone of the Romans stepped on a thistle and let out a cry Dthe Romans got too close and they discovered them 7The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle _. Ais lovely, though not beautiful Bgives them happiness Cis a kind of useful
16、plant Dhelped the Scots to win the battle against the Romans C Did anyone find the names of “the British Isles”， “Great Britain”， “the United Kingdom” ，“England”and “the British Commonwealth” which have the same meaning？Strictly speaking, these names all refer to something different.Noneof them are
17、exactly the same as any of the others. The British Isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map.Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands. But the word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdo
18、m or you call it the UK. Now as for England, it refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain.The United Kingdom is the name of the state and the official name of the country, which many people popularly refer to England. Finally, the British Commonwealth is the
19、usual name for what is left of the British EmpireW. This change shows the weakening of British Empire and the rising of the national liberation movements throughout the world today. 8According to the passage, we know that _. AGreat Britain has the same meaning as Britain Bthe United Kingdom has the
20、same meaning as Britain or England Call the names in the first paragraph have the same meaning Dall the names refer to England 9It is clear that the British Isles refer to _. ABritain, England and the UK Bthe two main islands and thousands of small ones Cthree countries and several islands DGreat Br
21、itain or the United Kingdom 10If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh that lies in Scotland, you should write the address as _. AEdinburgh, England BEdinburgh, Scotland, Great Britain CScotland, Edinburgh, England DGreat Britain, Scotland, Edinburgh 11We can learn from the last paragraph that _
22、. Athe UK is not as powerful as it was in the past Bthe British Commonwealth is another name of the UK CEngland is the largest country in the British Commonwealth Dno other country is left in the British Commonwealth except Britain D Kong zi, also called Confucius (551BC479BC),and Socrates (469BC 39
23、9BC) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies. Neither philosopher
24、 lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal， while the Greek citystates were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates
25、 was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus,Socrates was able to be more idealistic， focusing on issues like freedom,and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service. Confucius sugg
26、ested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual,
27、and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes. For Socrates,the family was of no importance， and the communi
28、ty of little concern. For Confucius, however the family was the center of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations. Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes. 12What can we learn from the first paragraph? ASocrates and
29、Confucius had much in common. BConfucius had much influence on Socrates ideas. CThe societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas. DThere were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. 13What made some people different from others according to Confucius? AFamily.BPotential. CKnowledge.DComm
30、unity. 14Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that _. Aall men were equal when they were born Bthe lower classes should be ruled by the upper class Cthe purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom Dpeople should not ask others to do what they did not want to 15This passage is organized in the p
31、attern of _. Atime and events Bdefinition and classification Ccause and effect Dcomparison and contrast 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。 The hit movie Notting Hill begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and pours orange juice all over he
32、r. After the bump, Grant repeatedly says, “I am so sorry. I am so sorry.” _1_ If Roberts character were from Britain then she would probably apologize repeatedly as welleven if the bump were not her fault. But this doesnt happen in the film, as Roberts is from the US. A report in The Telegraph last
33、week said that threequarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the streetregardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, we Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if we mishear someone, we say “Sorry ？ ” The person we are talking to will also apolog
34、ize by replying: “No, I am sorry！” _2_ Life is never as simple as “duibuqi” and “meiguanxi” _3_ Traditionally, “sorry” was used to express deep regret, but a survey in 2017 showed that we use it to mean anything from “what” to “whatever” _4_ Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks about o
35、ur apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system. We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologize for not being working class, but also for not really being upper class. _5_ For example, if you bump into someone they might get angry. To avoid this
36、we instantly say “Sorry！”. True manners are about being considerate and the modern day hobby with apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing. AWhy are Britons so sorry? B
37、British people are sincere while saying sorry. CHow we use “sorry” has changed. DSaying sorry when necessary is a good manner. EThis can go on for up to five minutes as we compete over who is the most sorry. FAnother theory is that we apologize to avoid confrontation (冲突) GHis actions in this scene
38、are very British. 第三部分第三部分语言运用语言运用(共共三三节，满分节，满分 40 分分) 第一节完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 I have learnt a lot about Chinese life and culture while teaching in China and found them very interesting. First, family life is quite _1_ in China fromthat in
39、 the USA. In the USA, many young people _2_ home after they finish their education and start working. However, in China, it is _3_ for people to live with their parents until they get married. _4_， many of my Chinese friends told me that their _5_ lived with them and helped take care of them when th
40、ey were children. It seems that Americans think independence is more important _6_ the Chinese think family relationships are more important. Bargaining (讨价还价) is another _7_ that I have tried to learn. In the USA, prices are _8_ and you cant ask for a lower price. However in some small Chinese stor
41、es and tourist places, you are _9_ to bargain. My Chinese friends taught me to ask for 40 percent or 50 percent _10_ the original price. If the salesperson doesnt agree to my price, I should _11_ to leave and he might let me come back and sell me the item. It is a skill that you have to _12_ if you
42、live in China. Tipping hasnt been easier to _13_. In the USA, many people in the service _14_ want to get _15_ money for serving customers. Tipping is not a part of Chinese culture. _16_ I tried to tip a taxi driver. He looked a little _17_ and refused to take the money. In dinners, perhaps what sur
43、prises an American visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their _18_. Actually, this is a _19_ of true friendship and politeness. My Chinese friends told me if I didnt want to eat it. I should just _20_ the food in the plate. 1A.uniqueBdifferent CprivateDh
44、armonious 2A.comeBbuild CleaveDabandon 3A.regularBtrue CcommonDusual 4A.AlsoBHowever CThereforeDAlthough 5A.parentsBrelatives CbabysittersDgrandparents 6A.whileBsince CwhenDas 7A.wayBcustom CmethodDhabit 8A.madeBagreed CchargedDset 9A.expectedBtaught CsuggestedDrequired 10A.upBaway CoffDon 11A.promi
45、seBpretend CdecideDhope 12A.tolerateBunderstand CpractiseDconsider 13A.adjust toBturn to Crefer toDstick to 14A.areaBdepartment CbranchDindustry 15A.easyBextra CpocketDprize 16A.OftenBOnce CSometimesDBefore 17A.excitedBsatisfied CfrightenedDconfused 18A.ownBchildren CneighborsDguests 19A.signalBmark
46、 CsignDfeature 20A.leaveBremain CputDtaste 非选择题部分 第二节语篇语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形 式。 The first UN Chinese Language Day at the United Nations _1_ (observe) on Friday at UN Headquarters in New York in 2010. _2_ the worlds most widely spoken language， it seems app
47、ropriate that Mandarin (普通话) has one day every year dedicated ( 把 专 用 于 )to it. This _3_ (official) marked day of Mandarin language celebration was set by the United Nations as a way of _4_ (celebrate) the languages history and contributions to the world. _5_ is hoped that having one day every year
48、to celebrate Mandarin will encourage more people around the world to take it up.With China likely to become the _6_ (large) economy in the world，it is important that the wider world becomes interestingly more perfect in this wonderful language. Every year UN Chinese Language Day _7_ (fall) on April
49、20. A great way _8_ (get) involved in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the Confucius Institutes (孔子学院) _9_ are set up by China in countries around the world.The number of people learning Chinese is on _10_ increase in Chinas neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan and
50、 Vietnam. 1_2._3._4._ 5_6._7._8._ 9_10._ 第四部分第四部分写作写作(满分满分 40 分分) 第一节应用文写作（15 分） 假设你是李华。你的美国笔友 Jane 打算七月来中国，因为担心文化差异的 影响，特来信询问中国人的社交习俗。请你用英语回一封信，按以下几个方面作 具体介绍： 1见面时的问候方式； 2对于表扬的回答方式； 3接受礼物时的回应方式； 4餐宴礼节。 注意：1.词数 100 左右(信的开头和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数)； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jane， Glad to hear from you and your
