（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第三册 词汇讲解+配套习题(全册一套打包).zip

1. harm vt. 种类【同】different adj. 不同 的，各种各样的differ v. 不同，相异difference n. 区别，不同 5. Extinction 6. survive vi. 挺过(难关)survival n. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者 7. in turn 反过来，转过来 （1）turn out“结果;证明是” （2）turn around 转身;翻转 （3）turn to 求助于 （4）turn against 与反目,背叛 （5）turn.away 不准进入 （6）turn in 上交;交还 （7）turn over 打翻;移交 （8）turn down 关小(音量等);拒绝 （9）turn up 出现,到场,出席;调大(音量等) 【即时训练】 语境串词 选 turn 短语的合适形式填空 (1) She refused to _ the noisy music when her neighbors wanted to sleep. The neighbors had no choice but _ the police for help. (2) It _ that the conference was held as scheduled. However, people without permission _ for the sake of safety. Telephones were forbidden, so whoever attended the meeting should _ their mobile phones. Suddenly, surrounded by several guards, the president _. She was so exciting that she _ the bottle of water in front of her. Everyone _ to see what happened. She stood up immediately and swore it was only a coincidence and nothing could _ her _ her country. 【参考答案】(1) turn down; to turn to (2) turned out; were turned away; turn in; turn up; turned over; turn around; turn, against. 8. break down 分解；故障 break away (from.) 逃脱；脱离 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入 break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等) break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等) break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束 break through 突破 【即时训练】 . 语法填空 (1)The students are required to break _ from these bad habits. (2)It was reported that the fire broke_during the mid-night. (3)She broke _ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. (4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken _the office during the night. . 完成句子 (5) Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. (6) If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. (7) You will break down if you take on more work than you can. (8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 【参考答案】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解(6 出故障(7) 身体垮掉 (8) 失败 9. disappear vi. 消失;失踪disappearance n. 消失【反】appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出 现 appearance n. 外观；外貌;出现appear v. 出现；显得【反】disappearance n. 消失 disappear v.消失；失踪 10. due to= as a result of = because of+n. 因为 11. Impact 12. damage 【温馨贴士】damage, destroy 和 ruin 的用法区别 damage:是程度较小的“破坏,损坏”,强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等;一般指被破坏的 物品可以重新修复。 destroy:常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏,毁坏”,程度较深,强调“毁坏”的力度和彻 底性;也可用于损坏抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。 ruin:亦指彻底毁掉,但不是以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏,而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁 掉,强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。 【即时训练】 I. 语境串词 选用 ruin、damage、destroy 的合适形式填空 (1)When he returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in, which _ their hope. (2)The heavy rain the house. The owner wanted to have it repaired in case of _ completely the next time. 【参考答案】(1) ruins; ruined (2) damaged; being destroyed II.句型转换 It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holidays. It rained for two weeks, . (现在分词作状语) 【参考答案】 completely ruining our holidays 13. come up with 想起 1）come down with a disease 患病 come down on.责备 come down to earth 回到现实中来 come down to business 开始认真工作;言归正传 （2）come up with 提出,想到 come up 走近;上来;提出;发生;发芽 （3）come forward to help 主动提供帮助 （4）come across 偶遇; 偶然发现 come on 登台,上场;改进,改善;快点儿,加把劲; (表示知道某人所说的话不正确)得了吧 【即时训练】 语境串词 (1)上个月，我在街上遇到他。他脸上苍白，似乎患病了。我本想主动帮他，但他拒绝 了并且立刻消失了。 Last month I him at street. He seemed to a disease with the face pale. I had intended to him, but he turned down and disappeared instantly. （2）不要仅仅责备玛丽，你也有责任。请回归现实，提出切实可行的措施，认真对待 每一个细节。 Dont just Mary. Youre also to blame for it. Please . some practical measures, and take every detail seriously 【参考答案】 (1) came across; come down with; came forward to help.(2) come down on; come down to earth; come up with 14. application n. 申请，运用 apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n. 申请(书);应用 applicant n. 申请人，应聘人 15. Senior 高级别的；年老的 be superior to.比高明/高级 be superior in在方面占优势 be inferior to.低于 be senior to.比年长/资历深 be junior to.比年幼/资历浅 superiority n. 优越(性);优势 【温馨贴士】 superior, inferior, senior, junior 这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词 to。 【即时训练】 I. 单句语法填空 1. (2016 浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even _ (superior). 2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not because they think their thoughts are superior _ others. 3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior _ strength. 【参考答案】 1. superiority 2.to3. in II. 同义句转换 My brother is three years older than I. My brother _ _ _ me by three years. 【参考答案】 is senior to 16. Get rid of 拜托，丢弃 get across (sth.) 通过(某物) get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人);被(某人)理解 get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事; (向某人)传达某事 get around/about 各处走动; (消息)传开,传播 get down to 开始认真做某事; 着手处理 get off 下车; 离开; 动身; 下班 get over 克服;摆脱某种情绪;从恢复; 痊愈 get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 处理掉 get through 做完; 办完; 看完; 吃完; 通过(考试); 接通电话(to sb.) 【即时训练】 用 get 相关短语的正确形式填空 1. (2018 北京卷) So far there is no effective way to _ plastic，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 2. The teacher tried to explain the problem, but his explanation did not _to the class. 3. The news _ as quickly as possible. 4. Stop talking! Lets _ work. 5. I tried to _ the Complaints Department, but failed. 【参考答案】 1. get rid of 2. get across3. got around4. get down to5.get into 17. protest n. 反抗 18. profit n. 利益 profit n. 利润;收益 vi. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的【同】profit v. 有益于；获利 n. 利润；利益 19. Defence in defence of为辩护;防卫 (1) in ones defence 为某人辩护;保卫 self-defence n. 自卫;正当防卫 (2) defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩护 defend.from/against 保卫(使不受伤害) defend oneself 自卫 (3) defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的; 辩护的;自卫的 【即时训练】 语境串词 (1) Its necessary for us to take _ measures to _ ourselves.(defend) (2) 他找不到任何词语为他自己辩护，但是我必须为她说句话,他工作十分努力，我们 应该保护他不受攻击。 He cant say anything his action. However, I must say that she works very hard. We should _ being attacked. 【参考答案】 (1) defensive; defend (2) in defence of/to defend; in his defence; defend him against 20.poverty n. 贫穷，贫困poor adj. 贫穷的，贫困的【反】richness n. 富裕；丰富；肥 沃wealthy adj. 富有的 1. injure injure vt. 伤害，损害injury n. 伤害，损害injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的 get injured/hurt 受伤 2. crash 1. (新概念英语第 2 册) It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 没过多久，一架直升机就到达了现场，营救了坠机幸存者。 3.Signal 信号 4.occur occur vi. 发生 occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事，事件 5. insist insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事 insist that.坚持;坚持认为(从句常用 should 型虚拟语气) 【即时训练】 . 用所给词的适当形式填空 Tom broke Marys cup this morning.Mary _(坚持) his apology，but Tom refused.He insisted that he _ （没有做）that.At last, Mary got angry and insisted that Tom _ （买）her a new cup besides an apology. 【参考答案】(1)insisted on；hadnt done；(should) buy . 选词填空 insist on/stick to (1) The man finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (2) She made it clear the government would its policies despite the recent strike. 【参考答案】 (1) insisted on(2) stick to 6. relief n. 轻松,宽慰;(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻,消除 relief n. 轻松，宽慰relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；救济 in relief 轻松地,宽慰地 自测默写 (1) in relief 欣慰地,释然地 (2) to ones (great) relief 令某人(深感)欣慰的是 much to ones relief 令某人甚为欣慰的是 (3) What a relief!谢天谢地! (4) relieve vt. 减轻;解除;缓和 relieve sb. of sth.减轻某人的负担/解除某人的职务 【即时训练】 I.语境串词 令我们欣慰的是，虽然那个男孩摔倒了，但是他没有受伤。他姐姐欣慰地看着他。 _,though the boy fell down, he wasnt hurt and his sister looked at him _. 【参考答案】 To our great relief; in relief II.完成句子 (1) (新概念第三册第 29 课时)突然大石块不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有 一簇簇灌木丛,这使我们长长地松了口气。 _it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes. (2) 当听到他安然无恙时，我发出了欣慰的叹息。 I breathed when I heard he was safe. (3)新秘书将会减轻我们的一些工作。 The new secretary _ us some of the work. 【参考答案】 (1) What a relief(2) a sigh of relief(3)will relieve; of 7.inform inform sb. of sth.=keep sb. informed of sth. 通知某人某事 8.Shock shock 打击a shock 一件令人受打击的事情 9. run run out (of) 用完;耗尽 【原文再现】(P25L14)What if they run out? 要是它们用完怎么办? run across 跑着穿过；偶然遇见 run after 追捕；跟踪；追求 run away 跑开；逃走 自测默写 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) run for 竞选；匆匆去取 run through浏览；快速穿越 【温馨贴士】 run out用完;耗尽不及物动词短语,其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 run out of用完及物动词短语,其主语一般为人 give out耗尽;用完不及物动词短语,其主语通常是物 分发;散发出及物动词短语 use up 用光;用完 及物动词短语,其主语为人时,用主动;主语是物时,往往用被 动 【即时训练】 完成句子 (1)I her in the public library yesterday. (2)Our food is . Will you go to the supermarket to buy some? (3)You just cannot always from your duty while faced with difficulty. (4)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area out. We must act immediately before theres none left. 【参考答案】(1)ran across/into(2)running out(3)run away(4)are running 10. supply vt. 补给;供给;提供;补充;代理 n.补给;供给;供应量;供应品 Since well be walking for almost two weeks, Ill need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 因为我们需要徒步行走将近两周时间,所以我得预先买一个大容量的背包来背我的给养 食物和饮用水。 归纳拓展 have a good/large supply of备有许多 in short supply供不应求 supply and demand供求关系 supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to sb.供给某人 某物 自测默写 【温馨贴士】 supply, provide, offer supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to sb；provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 【即时训练】 翻译句子 1. 诸如煤和石油这样的自然资源供应不足。 The natural resources, such as coal and oil are . 2. 一句多译:政府决定给难民提供住处。 The government decided to the refugees houses. The government decided to houses the refugees. The government decided to the refugees houses. 【参考答案】 1. in short supply2. offer; offer/supply.to 或 provide.for; supply/provide.with 11. donate vt. 捐赠donation n. 捐赠,捐款donator n. 捐赠者 12. flood n. 洪水;大批;大量flood vi. 淹没;大量涌入 13. curious adj. 好奇的,求知欲强的curiously adv. 奇怪地,好奇地curiosity n. 好奇心 be curious about 对感到好奇 curious adj. 好奇的,求知欲强的 归纳拓展 be curious about.对感到好奇 be curious to do sth.极想做某事 Its curious that.是奇怪的 curiosity n. 好奇心 meet/satisfy ones curiosity满足某人的好奇心 out of curiosity出于好奇 in curiosity好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地 自测默写 【即时训练】 I. 语境串词 用 curious 的适当形式填空 In high school, I became _ about the computer. To explore my _, I built my first website, which attracted many children of my age, who often asked me some questions about the computer _. 【参考答案】curious; curiosity; curiously II. 单句语法填空 1. (新概念英语第 2 册) Everybody on board was worried and we were curious _ (find) out what had happened. 2. If you are curious _ the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity! 【参考答案】1. to find2. about 14.preserve vt. 保护,维护;保存(使免受破坏);保留; n. 保护区 【原文再现】(P42L9)Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. 在这些陵墓中,他发现了大量的珠宝和黄金,同时还有已故国王经过处理的遗体。 归纳拓展 preserve.from.保护免于 be well preserved保养得好的;保存良好的 preserve ones self-respect维护自尊 preservation n. 保护;维护;保存 in an excellent state of preservation保存完好 preserver n. 保护人;维护者 自测默写 【即时训练】 I. 语境串词 It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely _ , for one of the necessary conditions of _ is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and _. (preserve). 【参考答案】to be preserved; preservation; preserved II. 单句语法填空 1. (2019 江苏卷) Melissa wanted to save her fathers music in that his music deserved _ (preserve) in the family. 2. (新概念英语第 2 册) A colony(蜂群) of bees had turned the engine into a hive(蜂房) and it was totally _ (preserve) in beeswax(蜂蜡)! 3. (新概念英语第 4 册) So _ (preserve) your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. 4. The police are responsible for the _ (preserve) of law and order. 【参考答案】 1. preserving / to be preserved2. preserved3. preserving 4. preservation 14. break out break away (from.) 逃脱；脱离 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入 break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等) break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等) break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束 break through 突破 自测默写 【即时训练】 . 语法填空 (1)The students are required to break _ from these bad habits. (2)It was reported that the fire broke_during the mid-night. (3)She broke _ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. (4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken _the office during the night. . 完成句子 (5) Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. (6) If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. (7) You will break down if you take on more work than you can. (8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 【参考答案】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解(6 出故障(7) 身体垮掉 (8) 失败 15. Beyond beyond 的用法 （1）(表示位置)在另一边; 在更远处 （2）(表示时间)晚于 （3）(表示程度)超出;非所 能及 Just below us is a beach which stretches for a couple of miles and beyond it clear blue water. 就在我们 下面，是一片绵延几英里的海滩，海滩后面是碧 蓝的海水。（新概念三） 16. distance distant adj. 遥远的;不友好的;冷淡的;疏远的distance n. 距离 distance n. 距离；远处 distant adj. 遥远的；冷漠的 归纳拓展 at/from a distance隔一段距离,距离稍远一些 keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离;不 愿与某人亲近 keep ones distance from对冷淡;与保 持距离 a distance of.的距离 distant adj. 疏远的, 远的 自测默写 【即时训练】 I. 语境串词 After a terrible quarrel, the two friends broke up, feeling _ from each other and always keeping the other at a _. 【参考答案】distant; distance II. 单句语法填空 1. (新概念英语第 2 册) Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered _ distance of eight miles. 2. (2019 天津卷) To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to _ (distance) planets. 3. (2016 浙江卷 10 月) She could hear water trickling（滴落）somewhere _ a distance. 4. I can see the bird _ the distance, as I have good eyesight. 【参考答案】 1. a2. distant3. at 4. in 1. take off 起飞;脱掉;(短时内)成功 (1) take to 喜欢上;适应;养成的习惯 (2) take in 吸收;接纳;欺骗 (3) take on 呈现;雇用;承担 (4) take off(飞机)起飞;突然开始成功;开始走红;脱(衣服等);休假 (5) take up 占据;开始从事;接受（建议或挑战） (6) take apart 拆开 【即时训练】 I.语境串词 选用 take 短语合适的形式填空 We by his innocent, boyish looks. It was investigated that he his fathers company last year. Since then, the company . he can perfectly balance his work and entertainment. For example, he going to the gym after work. In a word, he is a determined man who is willing to any challenge. 【参考答案】were taken in; took over; has taken off; takes to; take up II用 take 的适当形式填空 （1）(2019 天津卷)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed _ out of the reading room”. （2）(2018 天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph 【参考答案】（1）to be taken （2）taken 2. access accessible adj. 可使用的;可接触的;可到达的;易理解的access n. 入口,通道,利用/接近 的权利或机会 自测默写 be accessible to.容易为理解的;容易为接近的 access n. 权利;通道;进入 give sb. access to 接见;准许 get/have access to 得以接近/进入/使用 【即时训练】 完成句子 （1）（2017年北京卷）TOKNOW 会使复杂的思想对孩子们具有吸引力和易得性，他们可 以参与先进的概念甚至哲学。 TOKNOW makes complex ideas , who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy. （2） （2016年天津卷）这真的很烦人，我无法进入你推荐的数据库。 It was really annoying; I couldnt the data bank you had recommended. 【参考答案】（1）attractive and accessible to children（3）get access to 3.M majority n. 多数，大多数major adj. 主要的；n. 专业；v. 主修minority n. 少数民族； 少数 in a/the majority占大多数 a/the majority of大多数 by/with a majority of以大多数 major adj. 主要的； v. 主修； n. 专业 major in.主修 minority n. 少数 in the minority占少数 自测默写 【温馨贴士】majority 通常与定冠词连用，后接“of复数名词/代词”，表示“的大多数”， 即 the majority ofn. (pl.)/pron.，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。the majority 可单独使用，作 主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式。 The majority was/were in favour of ban