1、Grammar The Attributive Clause (1) 定语从句定语从句 (1)(1) 关系代词引导的用法关系代词引导的用法 定语从句的定义 关系代词引导定语从句 关系副词引导定语从句 “介词+whom/which/whose” 结构定语从句 限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句 特殊形式的定语从句 定语从句 pWhat is an attributive clause (定定 语从句语从句)？ 就是就是句子句子在另一个句子中作在另一个句子中作定语定语 时叫作时叫作定语从句定语从句。 观察下面的几组句子，指出定语观察下面的几组句子，指出定语 从句的特征。从句的特征。 定语从句的定义
2、 1. He is an honest boy. (定语定语) He is a boy who is honest. (定语从句定语从句) 2. The red apple is mine. (定语定语) The apple that is red is mine. (定语从句定语从句) (简单句) (复合句) (复合句) (简单句) 3. Help is needed for families. Their homes were destroyed in the earthquake. Help is needed for families whose homes were destroye
3、d in the earthquake. (定语从句定语从句) (简单句) (复合句) 4. Wang Kun still remember the days. On those days they took a great bike trip. Wang Kun still remember the days when they took a great bike trip. (定语从句定语从句) (简单句) (复合句) 5. The school lies at the foot of a hill. Here we study. The school where we study lie
4、s at the foot of a hill. (定语从句定语从句) (简单句) (复合句) 6. The reason was very clear. He gave up his job for this reason. The reason why he gave up his job was very clear. (简单句) (复合句) (定语从句) 【Summary】定语从句的特征定语从句的特征: 1. 定语从句用来修饰、说明定语从句用来修饰、说明名词名词或或 代词代词（先行词）。（修饰、说明动（先行词）。（修饰、说明动 词的从句叫状语从句）词的从句叫状语从句） 2. 定语从句放
5、在被修饰的定语从句放在被修饰的名词名词或或代代 词词（先行词）之（先行词）之后后。 3. 定语从句由一个引导词引导，叫定语从句由一个引导词引导，叫 关系词关系词, 在从句充当在从句充当主语主语、宾语宾语、 表语表语、定语定语的关系词，叫的关系词，叫关系代词关系代词 ，包括，包括，who，whom，that，which ， whose；在从句中充当状语的关；在从句中充当状语的关 系词叫关系副词，包括系词叫关系副词，包括when， where，why。 它们有三个作用：它们有三个作用：连接连接和和引导引导作用作用 ；指代指代先行词；先行词；代替代替先行词先行词在从句在从句 中充当一定的中充当一定的
6、成份成份。 The number of people who were killed or was more than 400, 000. 先行词 关系词定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 who/whom whose that which 指代人 指代物 when where why 指代时间 指代地点/ 处所/境况等 指代the reason 注意：注意：1. 引导定语从句的引导词引导定语从句的引导词 中无中无 what, how, if, whether。 2. 关系代词和关系副词与引导关系代词和关系副词与引导名名 词性从句词性从句的连词的连词(that, if, whether)、 连接代词
7、或副词连接代词或副词(wh-)意义不同。关意义不同。关 系副词系副词(when, where) 与引导时间状与引导时间状 语或地点状语从句的从属连词语或地点状语从句的从属连词(when, where)意义不同。意义不同。 关系代词引导定语从句关系代词引导定语从句 功能功能 作用作用 限制限制定从定从非限制性定从非限制性定从 指代人指代人指代物指代物指代人指代人/物物 主语主语 who/ that that/ which who/which 宾语宾语 whom/ who/that which /that whom/which 定语定语 whose whose (of which) whose 观
8、察和指出下列复合句中，引导观察和指出下列复合句中，引导 定语从句的关系代词的用法：定语从句的关系代词的用法： 1. 先行词为先行词为人人：用：用who, whom, that, whose来指代和引导来指代和引导 Do you know the lady _ lives next door? who/that (指人并在从句中作主语, 用who/that，不可省略) The lady _we met at the airport is from Australia. Do you want a friend _ you could tell everything to? (指人并在从句中作宾语
9、用who/ whom/that，可以省略) (who/whom/that) (who/whom/that也可在从句中作 介词宾语， 并可以省略) (who/whom/that) Thats the lady _ house was broken into last night. whose (指人并在从句中作定语用whose, whose house作主语) 2. 先行词为先行词为物物：用：用that, which, whose 来指代和引导来指代和引导. Do you see the house _ stands on the top of the hill ? The house _ I
10、bought last week was very expensive. (that/which) (指物并在从句中作宾语用that/which ，可以省略) (指物并在从句中作主语用that/ which,不可省略) that/which Thats the house _ I was telling you about. I live in the house _ doors painted red. (指物并在从句中作定语用whose) whose (that/which也可在从句中作 介词宾语， 并可以省略) (that/which) 3. 使用关系代词的注意点：使用关系代词的注意点：
11、 1) who, whom, that, which 在从句中充当在从句中充当 宾语宾语时可以省略。时可以省略。 2) 直接直接紧跟在介词之后作宾语时只用紧跟在介词之后作宾语时只用 whom, which, 不用不用that或或who。 Mandela was the lawyer _ I went to for advice. (whom/who/that) =Mandela was the lawyer to _ I went for advice. It was a prison _ no one escaped from. =It was a prison from _ no one
12、escaped. which (which/that) whom 3)先行词为下列先行词为下列不定代词不定代词或被其所修或被其所修 饰时饰时,多用多用that指代和引导指代和引导: all, much, no, little, few, some, any, every, each, none, something, anything, everything, nothing, etc. All that is needed is a supply of oil. The book doesnt say much that amuses children. Please tell me any
13、thing (that) you know about the author of the book. 4) 当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very(正好正好 ，恰好，恰好), the next, the last, 序数词或序数词或 形容词最高级修饰时，形容词最高级修饰时，多用多用that指指 代和引导。代和引导。 Corn is not the only plant that was taken to Europe from America. Youre the very person (that) Im looking for. He was the last pers
14、on that came back. The first thing (that) I want to do is to have a drink. That is the most expensive hotel (that) weve ever stayed in. 5) 当主句是以当主句是以which, who, what开头开头 的特殊疑问句或先行词为这些词时的特殊疑问句或先行词为这些词时 ,多用多用that指代和引导。指代和引导。 Which is the book (that) he bought yesterday? Who is the girl that is standin
15、g by the window? Who (that) you have ever seen can do better? 6) 当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时, 只用只用that 指代和引导。指代和引导。 They talked of things and persons (that) they remembered in the school. 7) 当关系代词在从句中作表语或宾补当关系代词在从句中作表语或宾补 时时, 多用多用that指代和引导。指代和引导。 China is no longer the country (that) it used to be. He is
16、 not the man (that) he was. Im not the mad man (that) you thought me (to be). 8) 先行词为下列先行词为下列指人指人的词时，一般多用的词时，一般多用 who/whom指代和引导指代和引导： those(=people), one (=a person), someone, anyone, no one, everyone, all(人人), few (人人), some (人人), I, he, you, they。 This is because in the early days of radio, those
17、who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. All who heard the news were shocked. One who doesnt work hard will never be happy. Is there anyone who can speak French? 9) 关系代词关系代词who, that, which 在从句中作在从句中作 主语时，从句的谓语跟先行词保持人主语时，从句的谓语跟先行词保持人 称和数的一致。称和数的一致。 The number of people who _ (
18、kill) or _ (injure) reached more than 400,000. were killed injured Those who _ (enjoy) singing may join us. I, who _ (be) your friend, will help you. 10) 先行词和定语从句之间有其他修先行词和定语从句之间有其他修 饰语。饰语。 I met a foreign student from Nanjing University _ could communicate with me in Chinese. enjoy am who On August
19、 28, 1963, King made a speech to thousands of black people _ immediately became world-famous. In China, the number of cities is increasing, _ development is recognized across the world. The documentary caused a lot of bad feeling, not least among the workers whose lives it described. that/which whos
20、e 1.The woman _ spoke to me in the shop used to live next door. 2. The woman _ I spoke to in the shop used to live next door. 1. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that. who/that (whom/who/that) 练一练 3. Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed. 4. Workers built
21、 shelters for survivors _ had been rescued from under the ruins. 5. He lived in a house _ windows were all broken. 6. He lived in a house _ had broken windows. who/that whose whose that/which 7. The tree _ stands by the river is more than 300 years old. 8. The tree _ leaves have fallen is more than
22、300 years old. 9. Everyone _ he knows likes him. 10. I know someone else _ father works there. that/which whose (who/whom) whose 11. Would anyone _ saw the accident please get in touch with the police? 12. Would anyone _ car has been stolen please get in touch with the police? 13. Finally, the thief
23、 handed every- thing _ he had stolen to the police. 14. Is there anything else _ you want? (that) who (that) whose 15. God helps those _ help themselves (天道酬勤天道酬勤). 16. The best readers are those/the ones _ know how to skip and Im a good skipper. 17. These flowers are better than those /the ones _ w
24、e planted last year. who/that (that/which) who 18. All the apples _ fall are eaten by wild bears. 19. All _ I want is peace and quiet. 20. All _ heard the news were shocked. 21. The doctors and nurses did _ they could to help the wounded. A. all what B. all which C. everything what D. all that that
25、(that) who D 22. He is one of the few _ can work it out in five minutes. 23. Im keeping the few (eggs) _ remain for tomorrow. 24. Its one of the few countries _ people drive on the left. 25. There is no/little difficulty _ we cant overcome. 26. You can take any seat _is free. who that where (that) t
26、hat 27. There is little _ the doctor could do for the patient. 28. Tom is the first boy _left the room. 29. He is the greatest man _ has ever lived. 30. Is this the very museum _ you visited the other day? 31. The only thing _ matters is that the baby is healthy. (that) that that (that) that 32. Who
27、 were the women _ Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? 33. What did you hear _made you so happy? 34. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. 35. How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the countryside? that that that whose 36. He often helps the students _he thinks are
28、not quick at their studies. 37. Mr. Smith is one of the workers who _(be) fit for the job. 38. Mr. Smith is the only one of the workers who _(be) fit for the job. that/who are is 39. He is no longer the simple-minded man _ he used to be ten years ago. 40. The basketball team _ is playing very well w
29、ill come out first. 41. The basketball team_ are having a rest will begin another match in twenty minutes. (that) that/which who/that 42. Joan of Arc was a girl from the countryside _ dressed as a man and went to fight for the French. 43. A new teacher will come tomorrow _ will teach you English. 44
30、. It was a meeting _ importance I did not realize at the time. who who whose 2. Use who/that/which/whose to join sentences. The people are French. They live next door. This is the girl. You want to see her. 1. The policemen were very helpful. I spoke to them. 4. Houses cost more now. They overlook (
31、俯瞰俯瞰) the lake. 5. I wore the dress. I bought it in Pairs. 6. The visitor was well pleased with the apatment. His name was Samuel Box. 7. Here are the letters. They arrived this morning. 8. It was an island. Ive forgotten its name. 9. These are the pictures. We took them in Australia. 10. The buldin
32、g is a hospital. It stands over there. 11. The building is a hospital. We can see its roof (房顶房顶). 12. Help is needed by those people. Their houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 2. Use who/that/which/whose to join sentences. The people who/that live next door are French. This is the girl (who/th
33、at/whom) you want to see . 1.The policemen (who/that/whom) I spoke to were very helpful. 4. Houses that/which overlook (俯瞰俯瞰) the lake cost more now. 5. I wore the dress (that/which) I bought in Pairs. 6. The visitor whose name was Samuel Box was well pleased with the apartment. 7. Here are the lett
34、ers that/which arrived this morning. 8. It was island whose name Ive forgot . 9. These are the pictures (that/which) we took in Australia. 10. The bulding that/which stands over there is a hospital. 11. The building whose roof (房顶房顶) we can see is a hospital. 12. Help is needed by those people whose
35、 houses were destroyed in the earthquake. During the first week of May I went on holiday _ Sichuan. First, I found some photos of interesting places _ were not too far away from Chengdu. I decided to go and see the big Buddha in Leshan and Mount Emei. _, I called a travel agent _ 3. 练一练： 语法填空 （一） te
36、lephone number I found in a newspaper. He told me that I could go _ a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, _ wasnt too expensive. My friends, Xiao Rong and Wei Bin, said they would come with me. We took a few bottles of water, some apples and oranges, _we put into my bag. The next day we went to Leshan,
37、 _ we climbed all the way up to see the Buddha, _ is really very big: taller than the highest building in our village. _ (look) up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small. Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha. The next morning, we climbed Mount Emei,
38、 _ we saw many old temples, beautiful forests and lovely monkeys. During the first week of May I went on holiday _ Sichuan. First, I found some photos of interesting places _ were not too far away from Chengdu. I decided to go and see the big Buddha in Leshan and Mount Emei. _, I called a travel age
39、nt _ to which/that Next/Then whose 练一练： 语法填空 （一） telephone number I found in a newspaper. He told me that I could go _ a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, _ wasnt too expensive. My friends, Xiao Rong and Wei Bin, said they would come with me. We took a few bottles of water, some apples and oranges, _
40、we put into my bag. on which which The next day we went to Leshan, _ we climbed all the way up to see the Buddha, _ is really very big: taller than the highest building in our village. _ (look) up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small. We Bin took photos of us standing
41、 in front of the Buddha. which Looking which The next morning, we climbed Mount Emei, _ we saw many old temples, beautiful forests and lovely monkeys. where Dear Linda, Youll never believe _ happened! Remember I told you about the guy Fick _ works at the desk next to me? Well, he asked me to go to a
42、 nightclub _ just opened a week ago. Lots of people _ I know from work 练一练： 语法填空 （二） went too. Anyway, we had been there about an hour when we decided to leave to get something to eat. We wanted to go to a new restaurant downtown _ opened a few months ago. We went to the parking garage, but Ricks tr
43、uck wasnt there! We spoke to the man _ was working there and he said that he saw a blue pick-up truck leave thirty minutes earlier. Rick turned to another person in the garage for help, _ cell phone Rick used to call 911. Two police officers came and Rick filed (提交提交) a report with them. By this tim
44、e it was getting late and I wanted to go home. We asked the police about transportation, but they said the bus _ goes there only operates (运营运营) until 9:00 P.M. So we had to take a taxi, _ was expensive. The next day Rick got a call from one of the police officers _ said she had found his truck. You
45、ll never believe _ she found it in the parking garage. We were sure we had parked on the 4th floor, but I guess we had actually parked on the 5th floor. Rick was so embarrassed _ he didnt talk to me at all the next week. I finally spoke with him this week and we made plans to go out again, This time
46、 Im driving! Dear Linda, Youll never believe _ happened! Remember I told you about the guy Fick _ works at the desk next to me? Well, he asked me to go to a nightclub _ just opened a week ago. Lots of people _ I know from work 练一练：练一练： 语法填空语法填空 （二）（二） what who which/that (who/whom/that) went too. An
47、yway, we had been there about an hour when we decided to leave to get something to eat. We wanted to go to a new restaurant downtown _ opened a few months ago. We went to the parking garage, but Ricks truck wasnt there! We spoke to the man _ was working there and he said that he saw a blue pick-up t
48、ruck leave which/that who/that thirty minutes earlier. Rick turned to another person in the garage for help, _ cell phone Rick used to call 911. Two police officers came and Rick filed (提交提交) a report with them. By this time it was getting late and I wanted to go home. We asked the police about tran
49、sportation, but they said the bus _ goes there whose that/which only operates (运营运营) until 9:00 P.M. So we had to take a taxi, _ was expensive. The next day Rick got a call from one of the police officers _ said she had found his truck. Youll never believe _ she found it in the parking garage. We we
50、re sure we had parked on the 4th floor, but I guess we had actually parked on the which who/that where 5th floor. Rick was so embarrassed _ he didnt talk to me at all the next week. I finally spoke with him this week and we made plans to go out again, This time Im driving! that 4. Translate the foll
