1、Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句型语法 1 1 / 8 8 I.长难句分析长难句分析 1.I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone! 主谓宾tell 的宾语宾语不足语 2.I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and theres 主 谓宾介词作后置定语宾语从句 a lot to explore at senior high. “There be+主+不定式”
2、 3.Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. 主谓语间接宾语直接宾语谓间接宾语What 引导的宾语从句 知识拓知识拓what引导名词性从句引导名词性从句 what 引导的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，意为“所（看到/听到 /做到）的”。what 在名词性从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。 What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.
3、 （What 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语） What I remembered most is moving a lot.（What 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语） As John Lennon once said, life is what happened to you while you are busy making other plans. （what 引导表语从句，在从句中作主语） A new school was built in what used to be a wasteland. （what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语） II.高频句式高频句式 句式句式1.What
4、if.?如果如果会怎么样？会怎么样？/如如果果怎样？怎样？ 该句式中，What if 后接完整的句子,有如下含义： Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句型语法 2 2 / 8 8 （1)意为“如果会怎么样呢/怎么办？”（多用于指令人不愉快的事情发生） What if he fails to pass the final exam? （2)意为“如果怎样？”（用于表示建议） What if we go out and have a dinner in Davids restaurant? What if no one talks to me? What if she finds that
5、 youve lied to her? 句式句式2主语主语find+宾语宾语补足语（宾语宾语补足语（n./adj./doing/done/介词短语）发现某人介词短语）发现某人/某物处某物处于某种状况中于某种状况中 I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. We came home and found him asleep on the sofa.（表示状态） I suddenly found Mary running down the street.（表示主动和正在进行） I found myself su
6、rrounded by a group of children.（表示被动和完成） When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in his hand.（表示处在某种状况中） 句式句式3主语主语be+ to do 当主语是 dream, aim, duty, hope, idea, advice, plan, purpose, suggestion 等时，表语常用不定式。不定式 多表示主语的职业、职责或性质等，也表示目的、愿望、结果或是将来意义。 My dream is to start my own IT company! His plan i
7、s to clean the room. My wish is lo be a doctor. My main purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. III.单元语法归纳单元语法归纳 All of us laughed!（SV)P6 I miss my grandma.（SVO)P6 The teacher was kind and friendly.（SP)P6 Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句型语法 3 3 / 8 8 He told us a funny story.（SV IO DO)P6 I fou
8、nd most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.（SVOC)P6 He talked too much.（SVA)P6 I had my first maths class at senior high school.（SVOA)P6 Theres a lot to explore at senior high.（There be.)P6 SV:主语谓语（不及物动词） 该句式所用谓语动词都是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如 run(跑步）,work(工作）,agree(同意）,rise(升 起）,travel(旅行）,happ
9、en(发生）等。 The plane disappeared. SVO:主语谓语（及物动词）宾语 该句式所用动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词（短语）及从句。 We attended the meeting.（名词作宾语） She stopped him.（代词作宾语） She wants to ask a question.（不定式作宾语） They enjoy listening to the classic music.（动名词短语作宾语） The boy believes that he will travel through space to other pla
10、nets. （从句作宾语） 特别注意一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后可以接宾语。这一类词组常 见的有：listen to(听）;look at(看）;look after(照看）;look for(寻找）;arrive at/in(到达）,等等。 She is looking after her sister. SP:主语系动词表语 系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。作表语的通常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语 或从句。 She is a lawyer.（名词作表语） Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句型语法 4 4 / 8 8 He is hone
11、st.（形容词作表语） 下列动词也可作系动词使用：look(看起来）；smell(闻起来）；sound(听起来）；taste(尝起来）； feel(摸 起来）；keep(保持）；grow/go/get/turn(变得）. The Sydney Opera House looks just like seashells. The meat you bought last week smells terrible. It has gone bad. The story sounds true. Those oranges on sale taste good. Silk feels soft. H
12、ave you kept well all these years? He grows more and more impatient. His illness is going worse. SV 10 DO:主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语 （1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象， 但某些动词后除了跟直接宾语外， 还要有一个间接宾语，以表示该动词所向的或所为的人或物，通常由名词或代词的宾格充当。 She gave me a ticket for that film.（me 为间接宾语，a ticket 为直接宾语） （2)通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，
13、但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可位于直接宾语之 后，这时要在间接宾语前加 to 或 for. give,pass,hand,lend,send,tell,bring,show,pay,read,return,write,offer,teach,throw 等用于“v.+直接 宾语to+间接宾语”结构中。 I will bring the book to you next time. =I will bring you the book next time.（you 为间接宾语，the book 为直接宾语） buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, pl
14、ay, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等 用于“v.+直接宾语for+间接宾语”结构中。 Mother bought a new bag for him.=Mother bought him a new bag. （him 为间接宾语,a new bag 为直接宾语） Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句型语法 5 5 / 8 8 *带疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常用的形式，其基本句式是： 主语及物动词间接宾语疑问词不定式。 She told me how to understand the article. The boy asked
15、 her what to do next. SVOC:主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语 （1)有些及物动词,只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,还需要再加一个宾语的补足语加以说明,使意思 完整,这样的结构又称为复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词和不定式等来充当。 常见的加复合宾语的动词有：elect, name, call, make, find, think, leave 等。 Well make him our monitor.（名词作宾补） He left the door open and hid behind the door.（形容词作宾补） They named the gir
16、l Susan.（名词作宾补） He found her frustrated.（形容词作宾补） His mother told him not to play in the street. （不定式短语作宾补） （2)一些使役动词如make, let, have 和一些表示感官的动词 （短语） 如 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel 等,在主动语态中,用不定式作宾语补足语时,要省去不定式符号 to. *以上使役动词和表示感官的动词若运用于被动语态中,作宾语补足语的不定式中的 to 不能被省略。 We all made him play the
17、 violin.(主动语态） He was made to play the violin by all of us.(被动语态）我们都要求他演奏小提琴。 I saw him enter the room.(主动语态） He was seen to enter the room by me.(被动语态）我看见他进屋了。 He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.(主动语态） A woman was heard to cry over there under a tree by him.(被动语态） 双宾语与复合宾语的区别 Welcome Unit
18、 单元句型语法单元句型语法 6 6 / 8 8 复合宾语中的宾语和它的补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,但双宾语则没有这种逻辑上的主谓关系。 We call him(宾语）Jack(宾补）.（宾语 him 和宾语补足语 Jack 之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，即“他就是 杰克”） He bought her(间接宾语）a bike(直接宾语）. (间接宾语 her 和直接宾语 a bike 不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系,不能说“她是车”，因此此处为双宾语） SVA:主语谓语（不及物动词）状语 在此结构中,主谓是句子不可缺少的主干成分,状语是一种修饰成分,用于修饰动词、短语或句子。 （1)状语可以由以下的词或
19、结构来充当:副词、介词短语、名词、形容词、非谓语动词或状语从等。 This car engine runs very quietly.（副词作状语） I have been waiting for more than half an hour.（介词短语作状语） I went there to see my old friend.（不定式短语作状语） I will arrive next week.（名词短语作状语） Ill come here when I am free.（从句作状语） （2)状语用于表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、伴随等。 He was s
20、inging in the street.（表示地点） It rained heavily last night.（表示时间） Ill stay if you offer me more information.（表示条件） She had to leave because she had so much homework to do.（表示原因） 状语的位置状语的位置 状语修饰动词，常位于动词之后。 His father died suddenly. The police came at once after receiving my call. Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句
21、型语法 7 7 / 8 8 状语也可以修饰整个句子，这一类状语通常位于句首，用逗号隔开，用于表示说话人对句子内容的 看法、态度、评价等。 Honestly, I think his lesson is very boring. SVOA:主语谓语（及物动词）宾语状语 在此结构中，主谓宾是不可缺少的主干成分，状语的用法则与上一条所讲述的用法相同。 The new students study English hard in senior high school.（hard 表程度,in senior high school 表地点） You can solve the problem in th
22、is way.（表示方式） Well hold the meeting at three oclock this afternoon.（表示时间） Many people eat noodles in Chinese restaurants in London.（表示地点） 多重状语的排序问题多重状语的排序问题 在英语中，句末有两个或更多的状语时，其位置比较灵活，但除去某种修辞需要外，其排列次序一 般遵循下列规则： 有多重状语时，排列顺序应该遵循的是（谓语）动词与各个状语的逻辑关系的远近（也就是谓语动词 与表示时间、地点、方式等状语的逻辑关系的远近）。 He plays football wi
23、th Tom on the playground every day. （修饰“踢足球”的三个状语中，与动词的逻辑关系由近到远分别是：和谁踢、在哪里踢、什么时候 踢） There be 句型 （1)“There be+主语（某人某物）其他成分”表示 “（客观上）存在，有某人某物”句中的 there 只起到引导的作用，句子真正的主语是 be 动词后 面的名词。be 的人称和数视主语而定，并且 be 的人称和数与距其最近的主语保持一致。 There are three people in my family. There is a pen and two books on the desk. （2
24、)There be 句型的时态 Welcome Unit 单元句型语法单元句型语法 8 8 / 8 8 There be 句型有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。 There was a sports meeting in our school yesterday. There may be a heavy rain this afternoon. There used to be a cinema here before the war. （3)There be 句型的变形：用 exist, stand, lie, live, appear, happen 等代替 be 动词。
25、 There be 的其他常用句型 There be+名词to do 有某事要做 There be sb doing sth+地点/时间状语 某地/某时某人正在做某事 There is no doubt that.毫无疑问. There is no sense/use/good/point(in)doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义 There is no chance/possibility to do sth 没有做某事的机会/可能性 There is no need (for sb) to do sth(某人）没必要做某事 There is nothing to be afraid of. There is much homework to do. There is a cute boy playing football. There is no doubt that he has made great progress this year. There is no sense in leaving him alone when he is in trouble. There is no need for him to go there.
