1、第二单元 语法专题 一般将来时的表达 语法知识精讲 Grammar“将来时”的表达法 1.will/shall do 表达单纯的将来时,是对未来事情发生的一种“预见性”。will 用于各种人称,而 shall 仅用 于第一人称。 They will be here by eleven. 他们将在 11 点之前到达这儿。 My son will be back this evening.我儿子今晚将会回来。 She will be twenty next year.她明年就 20 岁了。 特别提醒 (1)will 可表示根据当时的情况,临时所做的打算。 Mr Wang is ill in hos
2、pital.王先生生病住院了。 Oh,Ill go and see him.哦,我将去看看他。 (2)表示单纯将来的 will 通常不用于时间、条件或让步状语从句中,而是用一般现在时代替。 Ill tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow.(see 用的是一般现在时,表示将来)如果明天见到他,我就告诉 他实情。 (3)if 引导的条件状语从句中使用 will 时,不表示将来时,而表示意愿。 If you will listen to me,Ill tell you the truth.(从句中第一个 will 是情态动词,表示意愿)如果你愿意听我说, 我
3、就告诉你实情。 2.be going to do 结构在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事情,还可以表示说话者根据现在的 迹象或征兆“预测”不久即将发生的事情。 What are you going to do tonight?今晚你打算做什么? Im going to watch the baseball game on TV. 我想要看电视上的棒球赛。 Its going to be a fine day for surfing tomorrow. 明天将会是冲浪的好天气。 Im going to gather some materials about Picasso. 我打算搜集一些
4、有关毕加索的材料。 3.be to do 表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to be back by 9 oclock. 你必须/应该 9 点钟以前回来。 4.be about to do 表示眼前的将来,不能和 at ten,in an hour 等时间状语连用,意为“就要做,正要做”。be about to dowhen是固定句式,意为“正要做,这时”。 Youd better fasten your seat belt.The plane is about to take off.你最好系好安全带,飞机马上就要起飞了。 I was a
5、bout to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我刚要上床睡觉,这时电话响了。 特别提醒 be about to do 不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。 节目将在 10 分钟之后开演。 The programme is about to start in ten minutes.() The programme is going to begin in ten minutes.() 5.现在进行时除了表示现在正在进行的动作之外,还可以表示较近的将来,常有“意图”“打算”或“安排” 的含义。这种用法比较生动,给人一种期待感,此时所使用的动词多是位移动词,如
6、:come, leave, stay, arrive, fly, start, travel, walk, ride, drive 等。 She is leaving for Singapore tonight. 她今晚将动身去新加坡。 When are you going off for your holiday? 你什么时候动身去度假? His plane is taking off at 9:20,so he must be at the airport by 8:30.他乘坐的飞机将于 9:20 起飞,所以他必 须在 8:30 之前赶到机场。 另外,除使用上述表示位移的动词外,还可使用
7、某些非位移动词,如:do, buy, meet, play, have, publish 等, 此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。 Jack is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon. 杰克今天下午要去见他的女朋友。 Im publishing a book this year.我计划今年出版一本书。 6.一般现在时表示将来,分两种情形:(1)按规定要发生的未来的动作,仅限 go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin, end, open, close 等动词;(2)用于状语从句中。 New term beg
8、ins on September 1st.9 月 1 日新学期开始。 Ill write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。 特别提醒 第一种情形中的一般现在时表将来,常表示按时刻表、日程表的安排将来必定发生的动作。 语法知识专练语法知识专练 经典例题 单句语法填空 1.Wasnt Joan supposed to be here by now? Dont worry.She(be) here in about twenty minutes. 2.When summer came,they(invite) their students to p
9、ick the fresh vegetables! 3.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts(reward) with success in the end. 4.More efforts,as reported,(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 5.Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right.I(call)
10、 him later. 6.Thats why I help brighten peoples days.If you(not do),whos to say that another person will? 7.James has just arrived,but I didnt know he(come) until yesterday. 8.A Midsummer Nights Dream(open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and then tours throughout Scotland. 9.Ladies and gentlemen,
11、we(arrive) at Nanjing Station.Please get ready to get off the train. 10.Emma(leave) for Shenzhen by plane at 3:00 this afternoon.It is half past two now and her brother John(see) her off at the airport. 11.The Conservatives(保守党)(win) the election(选举).They already have most of the votes. 12.When are
12、you leaving? My train(leave) at 11:30. 13.As you go through this book,you(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience. 14.My mother(leave) Shanghai in a few days.I wonder when the earliest plane(take) off on Sunday. 15.Do you know when heagain? Sorry,I dont know.But when he,Ill let you know.(come) 参考答案 1.will be2.will invite3.will be rewarded 4.will be made5.will call6.dont 7.was coming/would come8.opens9.are arriving 10.is leaving;is seeing11.are going to win12.leaves 13.will find14.is leaving;takes15.will come;comes
