1、(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 按照能量转换的复杂程度和控制方式,传感器被分为不同的等级,用来测量位移的 电阻式传感器被分类为电阻式位移传感器,其他的分类诸如压力波纹管、压力膜和压 力阀等。 1、传感器元件 大多数的传感器是由感应元件,转换元件、控制元件、当然也有例外,例如:震动 膜、.波纹管、应力管和应力环、低音管和悬臂都是敏感元件。对物理量作出反应, 将物理的压力和力转换为位移,这些转换量可以被用作电参数,如电压、电阻、 电容或者感应系数。机械式和电子式元件合并形成机电式传感设备或传感器。相 2、传感器灵敏度 c)尺寸:必须将传感器正确的放在所需要的场所。 e)传感器对外部变换由
2、很小的灵敏度,例如:压力传感器常常受到外部震动和环境温度的 f)传感器的固有频率应能够避开被测量的频率和谐波。 4、电传感器 这些传感器都是自己产生输出电压来反映被测量的输入并且这些过程是可逆的;例 如,一般的电子传感器通常能产生出输出电压来反映晶体材料的性能,.然而,如果在材 料上加一个自变电压,传感器可以通过变形或与变电压同频率的振动来体现可逆效 应。 5、电阻式传感器分类: )在环氧树脂上粘贴导电箔片的光栅 )在环氧树脂上粘贴铜或镍的半导体丝 5.4、光敏元件 6、电容式传感器 7、电感式传感器 电感可以通过改变电感电路的阻抗来调节 术: a)用差分式电容或电感作为交流电桥。 典型的被测
3、量是位移、压力、振动量、声音和液位。 8、线性调压器 9、压电式传感器 The high transducer should exhibit the following characteristics b) There should be minimum interference with the quantity being measured; the presence of 4、Electrical Transducers ii) thermoelectric Electrical noise may be generated by variation in contact resista
4、nce, by mechanical wear due to contact friction, and by contact vibration transmitted from the sensing element. In addition, the motion being measured may experience significant mechanical loading by the inertia and friction of the moving parts of the potentiometer. The wear on the contacting surfac
5、e limits the life of a potentiometer to a finite number of full strokes or rotations usually referred to in the manufactures specification as the number of cycles of life expect typical value being 20*1000000 cycles. I)fine wire gauges cemented to paper backing ii) photo-etched grids of conducting f
6、oil on an epoxy-resin backing b) Unbounded strain gauges 5.3 Resistance Temperature Transducers The materials for these can be divided into two main groups: a) Metal resistance temperature transducers 5.4 Photoconductive Cells Photo electrically generated voltage V=Purl 10、Electromagnetic Transducers