1、 Language Learning 1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸 关地 mit vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定 的;坚信的 commitment n.承诺,保证 3.gradual adj.逐渐的 gradually adv.逐步地 4.objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的object n.目标;物体objection n.异 议,反对 5.distinct adj.清晰的，清楚的，有区别的_distinction_n.区分，差别 6.evaluate
2、vt.评价;评估evaluation n.评价;审计 评估;估价;求值 7.acknowledge v .承认，感谢_acknowledgement_n.承认，确认 8.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然apparent adj.显然的;表面上的 9.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的scientist n.科学家science n.科学;学科 10.analyse v .分析_analysis_ n.分析_analyses_(pl.) 11.relativity n.相对论;相对性relativeadj.相对的;有关系的relatively adv. 相当
3、地;相对地 relation n.关系;联系relate vt.叙述;使有联系 12.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的gently adv.轻轻地;温柔地gentleness n.温顺;亲切 13.remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的_remarkably_adv._remark_n.言论，评论 14.consequence n.结果，后果_consequent_adj.随之发生的 15.numerous adj.众多的，许多的_number_ n.数量 16.conclusion n.结论，推论 _conclude_推断，得出结论 重要词汇用法： vital adj.必不可少的；
4、极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/for sth/sb=be of vital to 对极为重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做某事是很重要的 It is vital that.是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do, should可以省略) As far as Im concerned, reading is of vital importance in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 It is vital that human beings (should) obey the rul
5、es of nature.重要的是人类应该服从大自 然的规则。 It is vital for a journalist _to keep_(keep) accurate records. Its vital that every equipment _should be checked_(check) before the experiment. Perseverance _is of vital importance to_ to success. 毅力对于成功是至关重要的 commit vt.承诺；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入 (1)commit sb/sth
6、to sth将某人某事交给某处保留 commit oneself to doing. 承诺；保证做某事 (2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉 committee 委员会 It is ridiculous to commit suicide。 这个发展地区致力于创建一个完美的投资环境。 This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment. The government is _committed _to housing
7、 the refugees 知识要点知识要点3 defeat n3 defeat n失败；挫败失败；挫败 vt. vt.击败；战胜击败；战胜 (经典佳句) No matter what happened, they refused to acknowledge defeat. 无论发生什么，他们拒绝承认失败。 (1)suffer a defeat 遭受失败 accept/acknowledge defeat接受/承认失败 (2)defeat an enemy打败敌人 be defeated 被打败 猜词：Ive tried to solve the problem, but it defeat
8、s me. 不理解，难倒 Defeated again, the scientist didnt give up.尽管再次被击败，这位科学家 依旧没有放弃。 Defeated again, the scientist didnt give up.尽管再次被击败，这位科学家依旧没有放弃。 distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著 It is distinct that很明显 be distinctdifferent fromin在方面与不同 make/draw a distinction区分开来；区别对待 the distinction between A and B A与B之间的间的差别
9、 It is distinct that smoking is harmful to our health. His voice was quiet but every word was distinct. 他说话声音不大，但字字 清晰。 We should learn to make a distinction between right and wrong. He refused to acknowledge his mistake, which made mom very annoyed. He refused to acknowledge breaking the cup, which
10、 made mom very annoyed. acknowledge sth./ doing sth. Tu Youyou is acknowledged as one of the greatest scientist. SYN recognize It is acknowledged that Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientist. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses. acknowledge sb. as/ to be . It
11、is acknowledged that . When asked about the receipt of Toms letter, he _(acknowledge) it. His services to the society _(acknowledge) so far. 最后，他们承认了弃船逃生了。 她是世界上公认的最卓越的钢琴家之一。 She is generally acknowledged to be/as one of the greatest pianists in the world. = It is generally acknowledged that she is
12、one of the greatest pianists in the world. acknowledged have been acknowledged At last, they acknowledged having abandoned the ship. (1)conclude vt. 推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止 (1) conclude.from.从中推断出 conclude sth.with./by doing. 以结束 (2)conclusion n. 结论；推论；结束 draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得
13、出结论 in conclusion=to conclude 最后；总之；总而言之 联想助记 完成下列表示“最后；总而言之”的其他表达： in a wordin briefall in allin shorton the whole In conclusion, we have learnt a lot from the activity.总之，我们在 这个活动中受益匪浅。 He concluded from their words that they didnt agree to the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划 insist on 坚决要求 (1)insist o
14、n/upon (doing) sth.坚决要求(做)某事 (2)在“insistthat.”结构中， 当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从 句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。 Her father insists that she (should)learn music after she leaves school. Alice insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 知识点8：objective adj. 客观的
15、n. 目标；目的 主观的 (aim /goal) adj_subjective_ object n. 物体；宾语 v.不同意；不赞成；反对 object to doing sth 反对某事 If nobody objects, well postpone the meeting till next week. Many local people object to the building of the new airport. objective的常用短语的常用短语 with the objective of 目的是目的是 achieve/ meet an objective 达到目标达到目
16、标 set an objective 制定目标制定目标 be objective about 对对是客观的是客观的 常见句型与表达 1. 1. 介词短语介词短语“upon v-ing.”“upon v-ing.”做时间状语做时间状语 upon doing在句中用可作时间状语，根据语境可译为“一.就.；当.时”。其中 upon还可以换为介词on，并且由于upon与on都是介词，后面除了可用动词-ing形式， 还可用名词形式。 In hot summer, people turn on the air-conditioner upon returning home. 在炎热的夏季，人们一回到家就开
17、空调。 On arriving home I discovered they had gone.我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。 Upon arrival at the classroom, we began to study immediately.到了教室之后，我们 就立刻开始学习。 2. It is an honour（for sb）to（做某事对某人来说是一种荣（做某事对某人来说是一种荣 誉。誉。） =“I feel it a great honour to.”或“be/feel honoured to.”。 It is my/an honour to be here to share
18、with you my opinion on what to learn in senior high school. We thought it is a great honour for you to have won two gold medals for our school in the Olympic Mathematics Contest. I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 3. It strikes sb that.（某人突然想到（某人突然想到） =“It hit/occurred to sb + 主语从句
19、主语从句” 本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。该句式常用过 去时“It struck sb that.”或“Sth struck sb.”。 It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan. A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street. It hit/occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 1._
20、, Cao Xueqin was struck by the feeling that A Dream of Red Mansions was the best work he had ever written. 完成这部作品时, 曹雪芹就感到红楼梦是他写过的最好的著作了。 2. You must _it into a text file, which can then be analysed. 你必须从该文件中将所有相关记录提取到一个文本文件中, 然后 才可以进行分析。 3. _she was really upset. 从面容上显然可以看出她确实心烦意乱。 Upon finishing i
21、t extract all the relative records from It was apparent from her face that 单词练习：翻译下列句子单词练习：翻译下列句子 4. Getting this contract _the future of our company. 签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要。 5. We _up with them. 我们反对/不赞成和他们合作。 6. More recently it has been joined by newest techniques that go beyond what you say, and _. 最
22、近人们在里面加入了全新技术, 不但能知道你说了什么, 还能分 析你是怎么说的。 is crucial to have/take an objection to teaming analyse how you say it 7. The reasons are various: First, few essential drugs lost their _(专利保护). 8. Yes, if you also believe that ordinary people can _(做出不平凡的事情). 9. I did not work again for twenty years until Mandela and the ANC _in 1994. 在曼德拉先生和非洲人国民大会1994年开 始执政之前我有20年没有工作。 10._, he couldnt attend classes, and therefore he fell behind his classmates. 由于生病, 他不能上课。结果, 他落后于他的同班同学。 patent protection do extraordinary things came to power As a consequence of his illness
