1、1 选择性必修一选择性必修一 Unit1 Language Points 一、重点单词一、重点单词 1. vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 (教材P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100， 000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，人们认为每年仅在非洲它就挽救了 10 万人的生命。 (1)be of vital importance至关重要 be vital fo
2、r/to sth.对某事极为重要 (2)It is vital that.(should) do sth.重要的是 As far as Im concerned, reading is of vital importance in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 It is vital that human beings (should) obey the rules of nature. 重要的是人类应该服从大自然的规则。 2. committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 (教材 P2)Tu Youyou, a committed a
3、nd patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. 屠呦呦，一位坚定且有耐心的科学家，1930 年 12 月 30 日出生于中国宁波，1955 年毕业于北京大学医 学院。 (1)be committed to ones dream坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想 (2)commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit oneself to
4、(doing) sth.承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) My new neighbours are very committed to solving my problems. 我的新邻居尽心尽力地帮我解决问题。 The scholarship commits students to teaching in public schools. 这项奖学金规定学生们要到公立学校教书。 3.evaluatevt.评价；评估；估计 (教材 P2)Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants
5、 for their medical properties. 她的团队检查了 2 000 多本古老的医学文献，并对 280 000 种植物的药用性能进行了评估。 (1)evaluate sb. on.根据评价某人 (2)evaluation n.估计，评价 make an evaluation of.对进行评估 I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 2 没有看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。 We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire. 我们必须评估火灾造成的后
6、果。 4. obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 (教材 P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 然后，他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。 obtain knowledge/ones degree获得知识/学位 obtain sb. sth./obtain sth. for sb.给某人带来某物 My
7、brother worked hard and obtained a scholarship. 我弟弟学习很努力，获得了奖学金。 These national parks obtained financial support from tourist companies. 这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。 5. acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (教材 P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦不愿承认失败。 (1)acknowledge doing/having done.承认做了 .
8、as/to be.承认是 It is widely/generally acknowledged that.是大家公认的。 (2)acknowledgement n承认；感谢 The country has acknowledged taking/having taken every means to fight against the SARS. 这个国家已经承认采取了一切手段来对抗 SARS。 In the end, the young man had to acknowledge that he had stolen the car. 最后，那个年轻人不得不承认他偷了那辆车。 6. de
9、featn失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 (经典佳句) No matter what happened, they refused to acknowledge defeat. 无论发生什么，他们拒绝承认失败。 (1)suffer a defeat遭受失败 accept/acknowledge defeat接受/承认失败 (2)defeat an enemy打败敌人 be defeated被打败 Defeated again, the scientist didnt give up. 尽管再次被击败，这位科学家依旧没有放弃。 3 To defeat the SARS, a deadly dise
10、ase, was a real challenge to many scientists. 击败 SARS，这种致命的疾病，这对许多科学家来说是一个真正的挑战。 7. apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然 (教材 P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 她的结论是，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的医疗特性。 (1)As is apparently shown in the picture/passage above. 正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的
11、那样 (2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 be apparent to对来说很明显 It is apparent (to sb.) that. (对某人来说)是明显的。 The fog is so heavy that apparently it is better not to drive on the highway. 雾太大了，显然最好不要在高速公路上开车。 Soon, it was apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing. 很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。 8. insistvi. & vt.坚持；坚决要求 (教材 P3)
12、 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。 (1)insist(坚决要求/主张) that., 从句用虚拟语气； (2)insist(坚持说/认为) that., 从句用陈述语气； (3)insist on doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。 I insist that the project (should) be carried ou
13、t on schedule. 我坚决要求这项工程按计划开展。 She insisted that the boy had stolen her wallet and he (should) be sent to the police station.她坚持说那 个男孩偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。 9. conclusionn结论；推论 (教材 P4)Did you come to any conclusions? 你得出什么结论了吗？ (1)draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion总而言之；最后 (2)conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 c
14、onclude from.从中推断出 conclude that推断出；断定 4 conclude.with.by doing.以做结束 In conclusion, we have learnt a lot from the activity. 总之，我们在这个活动中受益匪浅。 He concluded from their words that they didnt agree to the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划 10. circumstancenusually pl.条件；环境；状况 (教材 P5)There is nothing we can do to
15、 help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. 我们没有办法帮助琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。 under/in.circumstances在情况下 in/under no circumstances决不(位于句首时需要倒装) Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。 We cant take measures until weve known all th
16、e circumstances. 直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。 Under such circumstances, he is likely to lose heart. 在这样的情况下，他有可能会失去信心。 11. foundvt.创建；建立；把建立在；建设 (教材 P6)Bill Gates founded hightech and futuristic companies. 比尔盖茨创立了高科技和未来派的公司。 found.on.把建立在上 过去式过去分词意义 foundfoundedfounded建立 findfoundfound发现，找到 As is reported,
17、it is more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded. 据报道，清华大学建立 100 多年了。 12. come to power(开始)掌权；上台 (教材 P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. 1933 年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。 (1)in ones power在某人的掌控中 beyond ones power某人力所不能及的 do everything in ones power尽力而为；竭尽全
18、力 (2)powerful adj.强大的；权力大的 It is reported that the new president will settle a lot of problems the moment he comes to power. 5 据报道，新总统一上台就要解决很多问题。 As is known to us, knowledge is power. 众所周知，知识就是力量。 13. consequencen结果；后果 (教材 P8)As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. 因此，他不得不逃离德国。 (1)as a consequen
19、ce/result因此；结果 as a consequence/result of.因为的缘故 (2)consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的 (3)consequently adv.因此；所以 As a consequence of flood, people suffered a lot of losses. 由于洪水，人们遭受了巨大损失。 The rise in global temperature will result in serious consequences. 全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。 14. take up a position担任；任职 (教材 P8)
20、After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院担任一份研究员的工作。 take up接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间) take off脱掉；起飞；成名；开始成功 take in接受；收留；理解；明白；欺骗 take on雇用；呈现(新面貌等)；承担 take over接管；接收；安排；摆放；陈列 After grad
21、uation from college, he took up a position as a sales manager. 大学毕业后，他担任了一份销售经理的工作。 Smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health. 智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非常有害于我们的身体健康。 With the development of science and technology, our country has taken on a new look. 随着科学技术的发展，我国呈
22、现出新的面貌。 15. sum up总结；概括 (教材 P9)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person. 用笔记来介绍和总结你对这个人的感受。 “总而言之”的表达： to sum up 6 in conclusion in short in a word His speech summed up the present situation of economy. 他的讲话概括了当前的经济形势。 To sum up, protecting animals is of gr
23、eat importance. 总之，保护动物是非常重要的。 1. “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 ( 教材 P3)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分患者康复了。 (1)most/all/both/two.of whom/which 为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用 which。 (2)whose 也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。 My aunt has two girls,
24、 both of whom are doctors. 我姑姑有两个女儿，她们都是医生。 Ann has many books, most of which she has never read before. 安有许多书，大多数她以前都没读过。 2. upon/on doing 一就 (教材 P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said， “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my co
25、untry.” 得知被授予诺贝尔奖，她就说：“这荣誉不仅仅属于我。也属于我背后的团队以及我的祖国的人 民” upon/on doing, 介词短语用作时间状语，意为“一 就” 。 Upon graduating from college, he joined the army. 大学一毕业，他就参军了。 On finishing it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written. 一写完后，我就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。 3.状语从句的省略 (教材 P8)While work
26、ing there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 在那里工作时，由于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于 1905 年获得了物理学博士学位。 省略句状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词 it 7 的条件状语从句谓语中含有 be 动词 省略句 的形式 省略从句中的主语或 it 和 be 动词 (2019北京卷)While picking watermelons on the farm, I realised the rea
27、l meaning of labour. 在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正含义。 4. find宾语宾语补足语 (教材 P8)Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. 爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 “find宾语宾语补足语”结构形式归纳： (1)find宾语 现在分词(表示主动、进行) 过去分词(表示被动、完成) 形容词 介词短语 (2)findit形容词/名词to do(it 是形式宾语，to do 是真正的宾语) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words. 甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。
