1、UnitUnit 1 1 PeoplePeople ofof AchievementAchievement LearningLearning AboutAbout LanguageLanguage 非限制性定语从句 观察上面的句子, 并类比填空。 1. This is the pen whichwhich he bought yesterday. 2. Last week we travelled to Beijing, wherewhere there are many places of interest. 一、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是指在复合句中对某些名词、代词或主句等被修饰
2、部分作进一步说明 的定语从句。在一般情况下, 非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开, 在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。 *The farmer, who is very pessimistic, says that there will be no fruits this year. 这个农民非常悲观, 他说今年将没有收成。 *Have you seen the filmTitanic,whose leading actor is world-famous? 你看过泰坦尼克号这部电影吗? 它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 *In the presence of so many peop
3、le he was a little tense,which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张, 这是可以理解的。 *There are 30 chairs in the small hall,most of which are new. 小厅里有三十把椅子, 绝大部分是新的。 (1)that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句时, 常用 for which 代替 why。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时, 也不可省略。 1. who, whom, whose 引导的非限制性定语从句。 (1)关系代词 who, whom 引导的非
4、限制性定语从句修饰人。 (2)关系代词 who 在定语从句中作主语、 宾语或表语; whom 作宾语; 介词后用 whom, 不用 who。 (3)whose 作定语, 先行词是人时, whose +n.相当于 the +n.+of whom。 先行词是物时, whose +n.相当于 the +n.+of which。 *Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导, 一个法裔加拿大人, 擅长烹调。 *Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famou
5、s scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家, 我从他那里学了很多东西。 *The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌子上的书是我 们的奖品, 书的封皮很亮。 【知识延伸】 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 关系词用法说明 who, whom, whose, which 指人时可用 who(主语),whom(宾语),whose(定语); 指物时可用 which(主 语或宾语), whose(定语) when, where, when 指时间; where 指地点, 它们都在句中作状语 asas
6、引导非限制性定语从句时, 常指代整个主句, 有“正如”之意 ( 代 词 +) 介 词 +which / whom 有时, 根据句意, 关系代词 which 或 whom 前可以有代词和介词, 如 most of which,none of whom 等 用 who, whom 和 whose 填空。 (1)(2020天津高考)Dr. Rowan, whosewhose secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing. (2)Please give the book to Jessica, whomwhom we
7、 met in the hall just now. (3)The famous basketball star, whowho tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention. 2. which, as 的用法。 (1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 *Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体, 有许多用途。 *Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite, as is reported in
8、the papers. 报纸上报道, 我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 (2)as, which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 项 目 aswhich 指代 引导的从句只 能指代整个主 句的内容 引导的从句既可指 代 整 个 主 句 的 内 容, 又可指代主句 的一部分 位置 可位于主句之 前、之中或之 后 引导的从句不能位 于主句之前 意义正如这, 那 *I borrowed the bookSherlock Holmesfrom the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯, 这本
9、书是我的同学推荐给 我的。 *The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如所报道的那样, 仅仅一年的时间, 吸烟者的数量下降了 17%。 用 which 和 as 填空。 (1)(2018江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, whichwhich is how we arrived. (2)(2020天津高考)AsAs is known to us,nothing can be achieved without dedica
10、tion and frustration. 3. when, where 的用法。 (1)关系副词 when 在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语, 指代主句中表示时间的词语。 (2)关系副词 where 在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语, 指代主句中表示地点的词语。 (3)when/where 有时可以换成“介词+which”。 *Well put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周, 那时天气可能会更好。 *Opposite is St. Pa
11、uls Church, where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保 罗教堂, 在那里你能听到好听的音乐。 *I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home. 我星期日离开的, 当时人人都在家。 用适当的关系副词填空。 (1)By 16: 30,whenwhen was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold. (2)They reached there yesterday, wherewhere an importa
12、nt meeting will be held. 4. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 在“介词+关系代词”中, 关系代词用 whom 指人, 用 which 指物。 *He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown. 他在一家汽车厂工作了四年, 之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。 *We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish th
13、e work. 我们缺少两个人, 没有他们, 我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。 (1)语法填空。 They thanked Tom, without whosewhose support they would not have succeeded. He may have acute appendicitis,in whichwhich case he will have to be operated on. These new neighbors, to whomwhom I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Beijing. (
14、2)I had told them the reason,forfor whichwhich I I didndidnt t attendattend thethe meetingmeeting. 我把理由告诉了他们, 为此我没去开会。 二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来, 限制性定语从句是 整个句子不可缺少的部分, 如果省略会影响全句的主要意思, 这种定语从句前面一般不用逗 号; 而非限制性定语从句是对主句的一种补充说明, 即使去掉, 也不影响全句的意思, 这种 定语从句前通常有逗号与主句隔开。 *Her brother w
15、ho is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。(她还有其他哥哥) *Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college. 她的哥哥是当兵的, 他总是鼓励她上大学。(她只有一个哥哥) *All the books that have pictures in them are well written. 所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。(不带插图的书写得不一定好) *All the books,which
16、 have pictures in them,are well written. 所有的书都带插图, 这些书都写得很好。(没有不带插图的书) 【巧学助记】限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 名称 限制性定语从 句 非限制性定语 从句 作用 起 限 定 作 用 , 限制或约束先 行词, 不可去 掉, 否则主句 意义不完整 对整个句子的 意义并不重要, 即使去掉, 原 句仍有意义 结构 不用逗号与主 句隔开 用逗号与主句 隔开 功能 先行词不可缺 少的定语 对先行词起补 充说明作用 引导 词 a. 作宾语时可 省略, 介词之 后的关系词不 a. 作宾语时不 可省略 b. 不可用 that 能省
17、 b. 可用 that 句型转换。 (1)It is known to us that Taiwan is a part of China. AsAs isis knownknown toto usus, Taiwan is a part of China. (2)This is the room which my grandmother used to live in. This is the room inin which/wherewhich/where mymy grandmothergrandmother usedused toto livelive. (3)Her sister t
18、eaches us English, and she will go abroad next year. Her sister, whowho teachesteaches usus EnglishEnglish, will go abroad next year. (4)We saw a film last night. It was very interesting. The film that/whichthat/which wewe sawsaw lastlast nightnight was very interesting. (5)He failed in the exam. It
19、 made his parents very angry. He failed in the exam, whichwhich mademade hishis parentsparents very angry. (6)I have lost the pen. My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday. I have lost the pen that/whichthat/which mymy fatherfather boughtbought forfor mymy sixteenthsixteenth birthdaybirthday. (
20、7)The book is worth reading. He paid 6yuanfor it. The book forfor whichwhich hehe paidpaid 6yuanis worth reading. (8)She is a teacher of much knowledge. Much can be learned from her. She is a teacher of much knowledge,fromfrom whomwhom muchmuch cancan bebe learnedlearned. 使用本单元所学的定语从句翻译下面的语段。 我有一个同学
21、叫Kate, 她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师。 Kate是一个容易相处的女孩, 我 们都喜欢她。Kate 在这次英语演讲竞赛中获得了第一名, 这使得她妈妈很高兴。新年就要到 了, 到时 Kate 会和她妈妈一起去香港。众所周知, 香港是一个购物天堂, Kate 打算在那里买 她需要的东西。 I I havehave a a classmateclassmate calledcalled Kate,Kate,whosewhose mothermother isis mymy formerformer EnglishEnglish teacher.teacher. KateKate isis a a
22、girlgirl whowho isis easyeasy toto getget alongalong withwith andand wewe allall likelike her.her. KateKate wonwon thethe firstfirst placeplace inin thethe speechspeech contest,contest,whichwhich mademade herher mothermother veryvery happy.happy. TheThe NewNew YearYear isis coming,coming, whenwhen KateKate willwill gogo toto HongHong KongKong togethertogether withwith herher mother.mother. AsAs wewe allall know,know,HongHong KongKong isis a a shoppingshopping paradise,paradise,wherewhere KateKate intendsintends toto buybuy whatwhat sheshe needs.needs.
