1、1 Unit5 Part3 作业作业 UNIT 5WORKING THE LAND Part 3 Using Language， Assessing Your Progress Video Time 能力提升练能力提升练 、阅读理解、阅读理解 Food blogs，celebrities，and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic （有机的） fruit and vegetables. But a new study published in ScienceAdvances paints a more comple
2、x picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and，in some ways，more sustainable to grow，there are also downsides. Organic fruit and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic. farmers must meet specific criteria，including growing pro
3、duce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods，the growing process typically requires more labour. time，and money，the costs that are passed on to consumers. Its true that in many ways. organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it
4、comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emission and water loss，the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce fewer greenhouse gases per acre. However because they are barred from using genetic engineering. pesticides（杀虫剂） ，and other methods that increase efficiency（效率） ，organic
5、farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less vield than conventional farms. While there isnt a whole lot of research on the topic，the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms，on a per unit basis， says the study author Verena
6、Seufert. In addition，while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruit and vegetables theres not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries，where pest
7、icide use is tightly regulated，theres no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health. 2 Still. Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce，you should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers，plus they support great biod
8、iversity（生物多样性）. The real point from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability. But if you cant afford to buy organic produce dont stress too much，particularly from a nutritional perspective. 1. What do
9、es the underlined word downsides in Paragraph most probably mean？ A. Dangers.B. Drawbacks. C. Benefits.D. Differences. 2. Which key factor makes it complicated to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns？ A. The yield.B. The price. C. The water loss.D
10、. The labour. 3. Which of the following will the author most probably agree with？ A. Farmers work environment should be improved. B. Organic produce should be made more efficiently. C. It isnt wise for consumers to buy organic products D. The pesticide remainder does no harm to peoples health. 【答案】1
11、. B2.A3. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然，主题语境的内容是有机食品。 主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况，体现了学科核心素养中的“环保意识、健康饮食 意识”的文化品格. 【1 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and，in some ways，more sustainable to grow，there are also downsides. 可知，虽 然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点，再结合语境和下文陈 述的有机农产品
12、的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，A：dangers 危险.B：drawbacks 缺点.C: benefits 益处。D：differences 不同之处。故 B 项正确。 3 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 complicated to compare 定位至第三段第二句“But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emission and water loss. The comparison gets complex.”，由此可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失 等环境
13、问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就变得复杂了；根据第三段其他内容可知 虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更具可持续性，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫 剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，如果有机农业想要和传统农业 有一样高的产量，其对环境的影响就会更大，劳动力故产量是使得两者之间的比较 变得复杂的重要因素。 A. the yield 产量。 B. the price 价格 C. the water loss 水的流失。 D. the labor 劳动力。故 A 项正确。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。本题题干句意为：以下哪一项作者最可能同意? 根据第三段第四句 However，because
14、they are barred from using genetic engineering pesticides （杀虫剂） ， and other methods that increase efficiency（效率） ，organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms可知由于禁止使用基因工程 技术和杀虫剂等方法，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低 19%至 25%. 据 此可以判断应当提高有机农业的生产效率，A:改善农民的劳动环境；B:应当提高有 机农业的生产效
15、率；C:消费者购买有机产品是不明智的；D:农药残留对人体健康没 有危害。故 B 项正确。 【点睛】词义猜测题是指利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。在近 几年的高考阅读试题中词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。 词义猜测是一项阅读技巧， 主要考查考生根据上下文推断单词意思的能力。因此，所考单词的意义通常超出大 纲范围超纲词义含义推断、熟词生义或熟词在特定语境中的意思。词义猜测题 常考查对句中关键性词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。本阅读题中是利用 表示对比或比较的词语来猜测词义当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时往往会运 用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，这可以暗示出生词
16、的含义。 注意这些词语和内容则能帮助判断所需内容。能体现对比或比较关系的词汇很多， 主要有 but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,onthe other hand,on the contrary,in contrast to等。 如： While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and， in some ways，more sustainable to grow，there are also downsidesWhile 表示尽管的 4 意思，根据对比关系前面是说:有机食品对身体更加的健
17、康，后句应为与健康相反的 含义的含义。可推断出答案为 downside 劣势、缺点的含义。 、七选五、七选五 Overcome Culture Shock in the Classroom Culture shock occurs in a classroom when students are exposed to a new situation._4_. However, it can also happen to students moving from a small town to a large city, to homeschooled students starting for
18、mal school education or to students progressing from one level of education to another. There are several strategies that teachers can use to help students overcome culture shock. Make group rules Brainstorm(集体讨论) group rules with the class as a whole to create a safe space and good learning environ
19、ment._5_. Rules could include respecting differences, listening when someone is speaking and not teasing, for example. Provide a partner Find a partner for the new student in the adjustment period._6_.Agood partner is someone who is friendly, outgoing and patient. The partner should show the new stu
20、dent around the school, spend time with him or her after class and eat lunch with him or her. Know the source of a problem Identify problems early and work with the student and his or her family to deal with them. _7_. It can also be caused by overseas or home school environment. Students and parent
21、s need to be aware of all the rules and customs that apply. _8_ Create lessons that include information about different countries and traditions. These could include story reading, geography, cultural studies and history. Encourage the student to share some information about himself or herself. A. C
22、reate special lessons B. Respect other cultures 5 C. They have lost their own language and culture D. Explain the rules and require everyone to follow them E.Apartner can help him or her quickly adapt to the new environment F. Classroom culture shock is often caused by the very different environment
23、 of a classroom G. Typically, this happens when a new immigrant(移民) arrives in a classroom for the first time 【答案】4. G5. D6. E7. F8.A 【解析】 【分析】本文为议论文。文章论述了如何克服课堂上的文化冲击，给读者提出了几 点建议。 【4 题详解】 该空前一句意思是：当学生面临学习的新环境时，可能在教室遭遇文化冲击。G 项 意思是：比较典型的是，当一个新移民首次进入教室时，文化冲击就会发生。前后 逻辑顺畅，并且句意符合此处语境。故 G 选项正确。 【5 题详解】 D
24、项中的 the rules 和该空前的 Brainstorm(集体讨论) group rules 及该空后的 Rules could include相呼应，并且句意符合此处语境。故 D 选项正确。 【6 题详解】 E 项中的 Apartner 和该空前的 Find a partner 及该空后的 Agood partner相呼应， 并 且句意符合此处语境。故 E 选项正确。 【7 题详解】 F 项中的 Classroom culture shock is often caused和该段的主题句的 Know the source of a problem 及该空后的 It can also be
25、 caused相呼应，并且句意符合此处语境。故 F 选项正确。 【8 题详解】 A 项中的 Create special lessons 和下一段的 Create lessons相呼应，并且句意符合此 处语境。故 A 选项正确。 【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前 后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。 6 其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中， 第2小题D项中的the rules和该空前的Brainstorm(集体讨论) group rules及该空后的 Rules could inc
26、lude相呼应，并且句意符合此处语境，故 D 选项正确；E 项中的 A partner 和该空前的 Find a partner 及该空后的 A good partner相呼应， 并且句意符合 此处语境，故 E 选项正确。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Longjing tea, _9_ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, _10_(name) after its production region - Long
27、jing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the _11_(grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that Longjing tea is the _12_ (good) among all of the teas in the world. Thanks _13_ Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputatio
28、n. The story went that Emperor Qianlong visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at _14_ foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself. While _15_(pick) the tea, he received the news of his mothers i
29、llness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and_16_(leave) Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother_17_(immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his sleeves and wanted to have a taste.After drinking a cup of tea, she found h
30、erself completely_18_(refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all ills. From then on, it was listed as the tribute tea. 【答案】9. which 10. is named 11. growth12. best 13. to14. the 15. picking 16. left17. immediately 18. refreshed 【解析】 7 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍龙井茶的历史。 【9 题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：龙井茶以其颜色、口
31、味和形状位居中国十大最著名 的茶叶之列，以其生产的西湖龙井村命名。此处 Longjing tea 是先行词，指物，在后 面的定语从句中做主语，故答案为 which。 【10 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：龙井茶以其颜色、口味和形状位居中国十大最著名的茶叶之 列，以其生产的西湖龙井村命名。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，句子主语 Longjing tea 是单数第三人称，和 name 之间是被动关系，故答案为 is named。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：良好的环境和水资源对茶叶的生长起到了很大的作用，证实了“龙 井茶是世界上最好的茶之一”的说法。根据 the，可知此空用名词形式，故答案
32、为 growth。 【12 题详解】 考查最高级。 句意： 良好的环境和水资源对茶叶的生长起到了很大的作用， 证实了“龙 井茶是世界上最好的茶之一”的说法。根据 the，可知此空用最高级，故答案为 best。 【13 题详解】 考查固定结构。 句意：多亏了清朝乾隆皇帝的统治， 茶叶赢得了很高的声誉。 Thanks to 多亏了-，故答案为 to。 【14 题详解】 考查固定词组。at the foot of 在-脚下，故答案为 the。 【15 题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：在摘茶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把 叶子放在他的右袖里，离开杭州去了北京。此处句子主语 he 和 pi
33、ck 之间是主动关 系，所以用现在分词做时间状语，故答案为 picking。 【16 题详解】 考查时态。句意：在摘茶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子 放在他的右袖里，离开杭州去了北京。此处是表示过去的并列谓语，故答案为 left。 【17 题详解】 考查副词。句意：他一到北京就去拜访了他的母亲，他的母亲从他的袖子里闻到了 8 茶叶的香味，想要尝一尝。此处是副词修饰动词，故答案为 immediately。 【18 题详解】 考查过去分词做宾语补足语。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神， 她甚至称赞这是治愈一切疾病的良药。此处是 find+宾语+过去分词，故答案为 r
34、efreshed。 、读后续写、读后续写 19. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。 Afarmer grew some vegetables in his garden. One day his wife was ill and he had no money. He had to sell some cabbages and carrots in the market. The next morning he took two baskets of vegetables to the town. But it was Snowing hard th
35、at afternoon and there were few people in the street. When his vegetables were sold out, it was dark. He bought some medicine and hurried to his village. On his way home he saw a person lying in the snow. He placed his baskets on the ground and was going to help the person to get up.At that time he
36、found it was a dead man and there was much blood on his body. He was so afraid that he ran away quickly, without taking the baskets with him. The next afternoon the farmer was sent to the police station. Having shown the baskets, an officer asked, Are these yours?” Yes, sir, the farmer answered timi
37、dly (胆 怯地). Have you killed the man?” No, no, sir, the farmer said in a hurry. When did you see the dead man?” “About seven last evening. Did you see who killed the man?” No, sir. The officer brought out a knife and asked, Have you seen it yet?” “No, sir. The officer became angry and told a policema
38、n to beat up the farmer and sent him into prison. The officer wanted to trap the farmer into the confession (供认), but the farmer didnt admit he was the murderer. 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ The
39、farmer was lucky.Afew days later, a young man came to the police station with a lot of journalists. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 【答案】One possible version: The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. Thinking that he would be sentenced to death by killing people , he felt extremely fr
40、ightened, but he didnt, he was innocent. On no account did he admit what he didnt do. He must tell people the truth, but no one could hear his voice. He hoped that someone could come and save him. The farmer was lucky.Afew days later, a young man came to the police station with a lot of journalists,
41、 saying that he saw the murderer. It was the police officer who killed the man in the snow! He saw the police officer used a knife killing the man late in the evening. He was so frightened and ran away. But the young man thought the farmer was innocent. So he took the great courage to expose the rea
42、l criminal.After the investigation, the young man was right. The police officer was sent into prison and the policeman who beat up the farmer was fired, and the brave young man was regarded as a hero by the villagers. 【解析】 【分析】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个农民为了给妻子治病去城镇上卖蔬菜， 10 晚上回家时在路上发现了一个死人。农民很害怕，跑走了，但是第二天却被抓进了
43、 警察局。警察想屈打成招，但是农民坚持自己是清白的，拒不招供。一个年轻人救 了他，证明了他的清白。 【详解】1.段落续写： 由第一段首句内容“警官非常生气，他要求警察再打他一顿。”可知，第一段可 描写农民被打得鼻青脸肿，但是依然坚持自己是清白的。 由第二段首句内容“农夫很幸运。几天后，一个年轻人带着很多记者来到警察局。 ” 可知，第二段可描写有一个人证明了农民的清白，农民被释放了。 2.续写线索： 被打害怕坚持作证释放回家 3.词汇激活 行为类 判刑：be sentenced to/be condemned to 承认：admit/acknowledge 拯救：save/rescue 情绪类 害怕：frightened/afraid/scared 【点睛】高分句型 1 Thinking that he would be sentenced to death, he felt extremely frightened.（运用了现在 分词作状语） 高分句型 2 On no account did he admit what he didnt do. （运用了部分倒装） 高分句型 3It was the police officer who killed the man in the snow! （运用了强调句） 11
