（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语第一单元重点句式讲解学生版+解析版.zip

新人教版高中英语选择性必修一第一单元重点句型讲解 句式 1 These will help you form a better impression of the subject described in the passage.这些(单词)将 帮助你对文章中所描述的主题形成一个更好的印象。 and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究员。 she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.她(在文献中)发现了一句 话,建议用另一种方式来处理青蒿。 句式剖析 以上三个句中“described,chosen,suggesting”都是分词,在句中做定语,修饰前面的名词。 考点提炼 非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词)做定语的语法现象 非谓语动词做定语的形 式 功能 现在分词一般形式 doing 与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动 关系或表正在进行的动作 现在分词被动形式 being done 表示动作是被动行为且正在进行 当中 过去分词形式 done 与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动 关系或表已完成的动作 动词不定式 to do表示将要发生的动作 动词不定式的被动 形式 to be done 表示将要被做的动作 Tsinghua University founded in 1911 is home to a great number of out standing figures.清华大学建立于 1911 年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 归纳拓展 (1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。 (2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,即是正在进行或已经完成的。 The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance. 上次会议上讨论的问题很重要。 The problem being discussed now is of great importance. 现在讨论的问题很重要。 The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance. 要在下次会议上讨论的问题很重 要。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)A sudden stop can be a very (frighten) experience especially if you are traveling at high speed. (2)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (3)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch). (4)No one can ignore the rich culture (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed. 句式 2Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据信每年仅在非洲就挽救了 10 万人的 生命。 句式剖析 这是一个简单句,and 连接两个谓语部分。 考点提炼 Sb./Sth.be thought to Sb./Sth. be thought to人们认为/相信,后接动词原形。 The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.鱼肉里的脂肪被认为有助于预防心脏病。 学法点拨 该句式还可以换成 It is/was thought that,用 it 做形式主语,that 引导主语从句。 Until 1954 it was thought that no man could run one mile in less than four minutes.1954 年以前,人们认为 没人能在 4 分钟内跑完 1 英里。 归纳拓展 类似的句式还有: 据说/相信/报道 ? ./. / / He is said to be an artist./It is said that he is an artist. 据说他是个艺术家。 The accident is reported to have occurred on the first Sunday in February./ =It is reported that the accident occurred on the first Sunday in February. 据报道事故发生在二月的第一个星期日。 经典例题 1.单句写作 (据说) some normal universities offer some students free education on condition that they return to their hometown to work as teachers. =Some normal universities (据说) offer some students free education on condition that they return to their hometown to work as teachers. 2.单句语法填空 He is thought (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 句式 3 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine” 当她得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我” 句式剖析 本句中“Upon hearing”为介词短语,用作时间状语;that 引导的是宾语从句,做 hear 的宾语。 考点提炼 upon doing 做时间状语 upon doing 在句中用作时间状语,根据语境可译为“一就 ;当时”。其中 upon 还可以换为 介词 on,并且由于 upon 与 on 都是介词,后面除了可用动词-ing 形式,还可用名词形式。 In hot summer, people turn on the air-conditioner upon returning home. 在炎热的夏季,人们一回到家就开空调。 On arriving home I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。 Upon arrival at the classroom, we began to study immediately. 到了教室之后,我们就立刻开始学习。 经典例题 1.翻译句子 一听到这个悲伤的消息,她就哭了。 _ 2.单句语法填空 Upon (approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. 句式 4 It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科研和中医药走向世界,确实是一种荣誉。 句式剖析 这是一个简单句,it 为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语。 考点提炼 It is an honour (for sb.)to It is an honour (for sb.) to做某事对某人来说是一种荣誉。该句式中 it 为形式主语,后面的动词不定式 是真正的主语。 归纳拓展 正式用语中也经常会用: I feel it a great honour to be/feel honoured to It is my/an honour to be here to share with you my opinion on what to learn in senior high school. 能在这里和大家分享在高中应该学什么的看法,我感到非常荣幸。 We thought it is a great honour for you to have won two gold medals for our school in the Olympic Mathematics Contest. 你为我们学校赢得两枚奥林匹克数学竞赛的金牌,我们认为这是一项极大的荣誉。 I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 很荣幸他在讲话中提到了我。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1) is a great honour to have Professor Gao and Mrs Gao with us today. (2)It is a great honour for me (address)the students of this university because you are an important part of Chinas future. (3)I feel greatly honoured (welcome) into their society. 句式 5 It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.他突然意识到照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发 生了什么。 句式剖析 此句为复合句,it 为形式主语,that 引导真正的主语。此句中还含有一个 what 引导的宾语从句。 考点提炼 It strikes sb. that It strikes sb. that某人突然想到。本句中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。 该句式常用过去时:It struck sb. that或 Sth struck sb. It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到我们应该制定一个新计划。 A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street. 当我走在街上时,我突然想到了一个好主意。 归纳拓展 类似的表达还有: It hit/occurred to sb.+主语从句 It hit/occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到第二天早 上要参加一个重要会议。 经典例题 1.翻译句子 (1)他突然意识到他把钥匙忘在办公室了。 _ (2)我突然想到应该找他帮忙。 _ 2.单句语法填空 It suddenly (strike) me that I should treat myself to a dinner after such an exhausting examination. 句式 6 That was how his first famous short story A Madmans Diary got published.他的第一部著名短篇 小说狂人日记就是这样出版的。 句式剖析 此句为复合句,句中含有一个 how 引导的表语从句。 考点提炼 That/This is how 该句式含有由 how 引导的表语从句, 意为“那/这就是如何/怎样”。 该句式常见的引导词还有:what, why, where, when 等。 “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me. “每次你吃一颗糖,喝些绿茶。”这是我母亲过去常对我说的话。 Richard swims three times a week after work. This is how he keeps fit. 理查德每周下班后游泳三次。这就是他如何保持健康的。 归纳拓展 表语从句可根据语意匹配相应的连接词,这些连接词多半是英语中的疑问词。这里特别讲解“这/那就 是的原因”的句型结构。 (1)This is/Thats why 这/那就是为什么(why 引导 的从句表示结果) (2)This is/Thats because 这/那是因为(because 引导的 从句表示原因) (3)The reason why is/was that 的原因是(表语从句常 用 that 引导,而不是 because) 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not ships are built for. (2)Thats it is good to eat fruits and vegetables. (3)At the end of the adventure, we had to choose to live in a cave. Thats we could shelter from the snowstorm. (4)Most people say they are happy, but perhaps that is they expected to be. 句式 7 He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.他对世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公 式 E=mc2 。 句式剖析 本句为简单句,句中的“the most well-known being”是独立主格结构。 考点提炼 独立主格结构 the most well-known being是独立主格结构,属于非谓语做状语的一种特殊形式,它有自己的逻辑主语 而不是句子的主语,顾名思义称为“独立主格”。一般在句中做状语,表时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。 归纳拓展 其主要的构成方式如下: 独立主格结构: 名词或代词主格+ 现在分词(与前面名词或代词是逻辑上的 主谓关系,在时间上有进行的意味) 过去分词(与前面名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾/ 被动关系,在时间上有完成的意味) 动词不定式 (表示没有发生或将要发生的动作) ? The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 向导领着路,我们毫不费力地走出了森林。 The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。 The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 有这么多的事情要处理,经理看上去很着急。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)All things (consider), your elder sister has better performances than you. (2)He might get lost in the mountain, no one (guide) him. (3)Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (4)Vince heard the news that the soccer team lost the game again, tears (come) down his face. 句式 8 While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.在那里工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热爱,他继续学习,并于 1905 年获得了 物理学博士学位。 句式剖析 句中 While working there 相当于 While he was working there,省略了“he was”。 考点提炼 状语从句的省略 状语从句的省略原则: (1) 在 when, while, once, if, unless, although, as 等引导的时间、条件、让步和方式状语从句中,若从句 的主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有 be 动词时,为了使句子结构简洁,可省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。 (2) 若从句的主语为 it,谓语动词为 be 的某种形式时,也可以将 it 和 be 动词一起省略。 One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. 一天放学后,我在这座雄伟的山上探索绿色的树林时,差点摔倒在台阶上。 Ordinary soap, if used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果使用得当,普通肥皂能有效地抗菌。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not (handle) properly, may lead to spread of diseases. (2)If (accept) for job, you will be informed soon. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)当有必要时你可以向我求助。 You can turn to me for help . (2)他擦窗户时把手割破了。 He had his fingers cut while . 句式 9 Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.爱因斯坦是犹太 人,他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 句式剖析 句中 who was Jewish 是 who 引导的非限制性定语从句;主句中“found the doors of academic institutions closed”是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语是 the doors, closed 是过去分词,在句中做宾语补足语,与宾 语(the doors)是被动关系。 考点提炼 “find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 该结构意为“发现处于状态”。在此结构中,宾语补足语可用以下形式: find+宾语(n./pron.)+ 过去分词(表示被动,动作已完成) 现在分词(表示主动,动作正在进行) 副词 介词短语 形容词 ? If you go to the Palace Museum, youll find many Chinese treasures exhibited there.如果你去故宫博物院, 你会发现许多中国珍宝在那儿展览。 When I came in,I found all the students smiling at me.当我进来时,我发现所有的学生都冲着我微笑。 I went to visit her on my way home and found her out.我在回家的路上去拜访她,发现她出去了。 Thanks a lot for your book.I found it very interesting.谢谢你的书。我发现这本书很有趣。 特别提醒 当动词不定式做 find 的宾语时,通常用 it 做形式宾语,真正的宾语则放在宾语补足语之后,即构成 “find+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语+动词不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)What do you think of the teaching profession(行业), Bob? I find it fun and (challenge).It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. (2)Mrs Smith finds it hard (clear) up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. (3)When she came to life, she found herself (surround) by many people. (4)My brother told me that he found the girl (wait) for me at the gate,but when I went there I found her (go). 新人教版高中英语选择性必修一第一单元重点句型讲解 句式 1 These will help you form a better impression of the subject described in the passage.这些(单词)将 帮助你对文章中所描述的主题形成一个更好的印象。 and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究员。 she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.她(在文献中)发现了一句 话,建议用另一种方式来处理青蒿。 句式剖析 以上三个句中“described,chosen,suggesting”都是分词,在句中做定语,修饰前面的名词。 考点提炼 非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词)做定语的语法现象 非谓语动词做定语的形 式 功能 现在分词一般形式 doing 与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动 关系或表正在进行的动作 现在分词被动形式 being done 表示动作是被动行为且正在进行 当中 过去分词形式 done 与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动 关系或表已完成的动作 动词不定式 to do表示将要发生的动作 动词不定式的被动 形式 to be done 表示将要被做的动作 Tsinghua University founded in 1911 is home to a great number of out standing figures.清华大学建立于 1911 年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 归纳拓展 (1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。 (2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,即是正在进行或已经完成的。 The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance. 上次会议上讨论的问题很重要。 The problem being discussed now is of great importance. 现在讨论的问题很重要。 The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance. 要在下次会议上讨论的问题很重 要。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)A sudden stop can be a very (frighten) experience especially if you are traveling at high speed. (2)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (3)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch). (4)No one can ignore the rich culture (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed. 参考答案 (1)frightening句意:一个突然的停车可能是一种非常可怕的经历,尤其是如果你在高速行驶。句中动 词 frighten 与其所修饰的名词 experience 是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词做定语。 (2)spent句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。句中动词 spend 与其所 修饰的名词 time 是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词做定语。 (3)to catch句意:开会时我一直盯着钟,因为我要赶火车。动词不定式表将要发生的动作。 (4)dating句意:没有人能忽视古代丰富的文化以前所未有的速度和规模向现代转变。句中动词词组 date back to 只用主动语态,故与修饰的名词 culture 是主动关系。 句式2Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据信每年仅在非洲就挽救了 10 万人的生命。 句式剖析 这是一个简单句,and 连接两个谓语部分。 考点提炼 Sb./Sth.be thought to Sb./Sth. be thought to人们认为/相信,后接动词原形。 The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.鱼肉里的脂肪被认为有助于预防心脏病。 学法点拨 该句式还可以换成 It is/was thought that,用 it 做形式主语,that 引导主语从句。 Until 1954 it was thought that no man could run one mile in less than four minutes.1954 年以前,人们认为 没人能在 4 分钟内跑完 1 英里。 归纳拓展 类似的句式还有: 据说/相信/报道 ? ./. / / He is said to be an artist./It is said that he is an artist. 据说他是个艺术家。 The accident is reported to have occurred on the first Sunday in February./ =It is reported that the accident occurred on the first Sunday in February. 据报道事故发生在二月的第一个星期日。 经典例题 1.单句写作 (据说) some normal universities offer some students free education on condition that they return to their hometown to work as teachers. =Some normal universities (据说) offer some students free education on condition that they return to their hometown to work as teachers. 2.单句语法填空 He is thought (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 参考答案 1.It is said that;are said to句意:据说一些师范大学为一些学生提供免费教育,条件是他们必须回到家 乡当老师。 2.to have acted句意:人们认为他做了件蠢事。现在他丢掉工作只能怪他自己。根据句意可知,act 的 行为发生在 be thought 之前,故用动词不定式的完成时。 句式 3 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine” 当她得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我” 句式剖析 本句中“Upon hearing”为介词短语,用作时间状语;that 引导的是宾语从句,做 hear 的宾语。 考点提炼 upon doing 做时间状语 upon doing 在句中用作时间状语,根据语境可译为“一就 ;当时”。其中 upon 还可以换为 介词 on,并且由于 upon 与 on 都是介词,后面除了可用动词-ing 形式,还可用名词形式。 In hot summer, people turn on the air-conditioner upon returning home. 在炎热的夏季,人们一回到家就开空调。 On arriving home I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。 Upon arrival at the classroom, we began to study immediately. 到了教室之后,我们就立刻开始学习。 经典例题 1.翻译句子 一听到这个悲伤的消息,她就哭了。 _ 2.单句语法填空 Upon (approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. 参考答案 1.On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears. 2.approaching句意:当他走近那块大石头时,他停下来,放下他的担子,努力把石头移到路边。介词 upon 后接动词-ing 形式。 句式 4 It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科研和中医药走向世界,确实是一种荣誉。 句式剖析 这是一个简单句,it 为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语。 考点提炼 It is an honour (for sb.)to It is an honour (for sb.) to做某事对某人来说是一种荣誉。该句式中 it 为形式主语,后面的动词不定式 是真正的主语。 归纳拓展 正式用语中也经常会用: I feel it a great honour to be/feel honoured to It is my/an honour to be here to share with you my opinion on what to learn in senior high school. 能在这里和大家分享在高中应该学什么的看法,我感到非常荣幸。 We thought it is a great honour for you to have won two gold medals for our school in the Olympic Mathematics Contest. 你为我们学校赢得两枚奥林匹克数学竞赛的金牌,我们认为这是一项极大的荣誉。 I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 很荣幸他在讲话中提到了我。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1) is a great honour to have Professor Gao and Mrs Gao with us today. (2)It is a great honour for me (address)the students of this university because you are an important part of Chinas future. (3)I feel greatly honoured (welcome) into their society. 参考答案 (1)It句意:很荣幸邀请到高教授及其夫人出席今天的活动。It 做形式主语。 (2)to address句意:我在这里向本大学的同学发布演讲,感到十分荣幸,因为你们是中国未来的重要部 分。前面的 It 是形式主语,动词不定式做真正的主语。 (3)to be welcomed句意:被欢迎加入他们的社团,我感到非常荣幸。要表达“我被欢迎加入”,故用动词 不定式的被动形式。 句式 5 It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.他突然意识到照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发 生了什么。 句式剖析 此句为复合句,it 为形式主语,that 引导真正的主语。此句中还含有一个 what 引导的宾语从句。 考点提炼 It strikes sb. that It strikes sb. that某人突然想到。本句中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。 该句式常用过去时:It struck sb. that或 Sth struck sb. It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到我们应该制定一个新计划。 A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was wal