1、Unit 5-The value of money语法探索语法探索+写作指导写作指导【语法探索【语法探索-过去将来时过去将来时&情态动词】情态动词】过去将来时1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should +动词原形”构成。*She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。*I rang up to tell my father that I should leave for London.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。2. was/were
2、going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。*He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。*Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?爱丽丝, 你昨天为什么没来呀?I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.我打算去的, 但我家来了个不速之客。3. start, go, come, leave, see, meet 等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。*
3、She was coming later. 她随后就来。*I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。4. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做”。 注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。*I felt that something terrible was about to happen.我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。*We were about to go there when it began to rain.我们
4、刚打算去那儿, 这时天下起了雨。5. was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。*She said she was to have told me about the accident.她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。*He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 p. m.他说他下午四点去车站接他的朋友。【随堂运用】用所给动词的适当形式完成句子(1)She said the bus _(leave)at five th
5、e next morning.(2)I wasnt sure whether he _(lend)me his book the next morning.(3)At that time he did not know that quitting the job _(become) theturning point in his life.(4)He said he _(visit) China the next week.(5)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits _(be) hard-earned.1.Was leav
6、ing2.would lend3.Was to become4.was going to visit5.Would be情态动词(一)may/might1. 表示请求或允许, might 可以指过去时间, 也可指现在时间, 语气更委婉。对may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用 may 或 can, 但作否定回答时要用 mustnt 或cant。*You may come if you wish.如果你想来, 你就来。*May(Might)I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?*May I smoke here?No, you mustnt.You
7、d better not.我可以在这里吸烟吗?不, 不可以。你最好不要吸烟。2. 表示可能。可以指过去时间, 也可以指现在时间, 但语气不肯定。*The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。*She may not know about it.她可能不知道这件事。3. 用于表祝愿的句子中。*May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。【随堂训练】(1)Are you going to her party?Im not sure.I
8、 _stay home and help mybrother with his homework.(2) _you have a happy weekend.Mightmay(二)can/could1. 表示能力, can 表示现在的能力, could 主要指过去的能力。*You can tell the significance of climate change to us.你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。*I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldntmanage it
9、.我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚, 但没有做到。【易错精点】can 表示能力的时候, 还可以用 be able to 代替, 表示后来通过努力终于做成了某事。*He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boatsank.他是一个很擅长游泳的人, 所以当船下沉时, 他能够游到河岸上。2. 表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时, 两者均可用, 但用 could 语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时, 一般要用 can, 而不用 could。*Can/Could I use your bike to
10、morrow morning?Yes, you can. /No,Im afraid not.我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?是的, 可以。/不, 恐怕不行。*You can go with them if you like.如果你愿意的话, 可以和他们一起去。3. 表示推测。can 表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could 一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时, 常用“can/could+have+过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。*It cant/couldnt be true.那不可能是真的。*Can/Could he have heard the news?他听说过这个消息了吗
11、?4. 表示客观的、一时的情况, 意思是“有时候会”。*The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter.上海冬季可能很冷。5. 表示惊异、怀疑, 不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。*How can you be so careless!你怎么那么粗心呀!【随堂训练】选词填空 can, could, be able to(1)My grandma is well over eighty,but she _read without glasses.(2)Being a wise person, he finally
12、_find the place.(3)The cheater said that he _turn stone into gold.CanWas able toCould(三)must/have to1. must 表示必须, 没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法, 也表示责任或义务。have to 表示“必须, 不得不”, 是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须, 不得不”做某事。 mustnt 表示禁止做某事; have to 的否定形式表示“不必”。 have to 可用于多种时态中。*I work not because I have to,but because I want to.我工作
13、不是因为我不得不做, 而是因为我想做。(客观上需要做这件事)You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.在设定目标时, 你必须牢记这些要点。 (主观上要做这件事)【易错精点】回答 must 引出的疑问句时, 如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustnt, 而要用 neednt或 dont have to。*Must we hand in our exercise books now?Yes, you must. (No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to. )我们现在就必须要交练习本吗?是
14、的, 必须。(不, 不必。)2. must 表示猜测。意为“想必, 准是, 一定”, 只用于肯定句。*The book must be the one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。*Shes wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链, 她一定很有钱。3. must 还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。*Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨?【随堂运用】用适当的情态动词填空(1)My sister is ill; my mother _look
15、after her.(2)Theres a lot of noise from next door.They _be having a party.(3)Must I return all the books in three days?Yes,you _. (No,you _. )(4)If you _go,at least wait until the storm is over.Has toMustMust;neednt/dont have toMust(四)should1. 表示义务、责任, 意为“应该”, 用于各种人称。*Students should have a proper a
16、ttitude towards college before thinking about whichcollege to attend.在考虑上哪所大学之前, 学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。*You should be polite to your teachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。2. 表示可能性很大的猜测, 说明说话人对客观事物的真实性作出较大可能的判断, 意为“想必一定, 照说应该, 估计”等。*The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部电影是一流演员主演的, 估计拍得很好。3. 表示说
17、话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然, 竟然”。*Amazing! You should wear slippers at work.真令人惊讶, 你竟然穿着拖鞋上班!【随堂运用】(1)Such a clever boy _fail the exam.(2)We _obey the school rules and work hard.(3)Its already 10.She promised to come by 10.She _be here at any moment.(五)shall1. 表示征询意见, 用于第一、第三人称疑问句。*Shall I get you some
18、more tea?再来点茶好吗?*Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗?2. 表示说话人的意愿, 有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思, 用于第二、第三人称陈述句。*You shall come on time.你必须准时到。(命令)*He shall have the book when I finish reading it.我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)*Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)*No reader shall remove a book
19、 from the library without permission.未经许可, 读者不准把书带出图书馆。(警告)3. 表示强制, 用于法令、条约、规章中, 意为“必须; 应该”。*One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们规定中的其中一项是: 每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。*Each part shall respect the articles of this contract.任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。【随堂运用】写出下列句中 shall 的含义(1)You s
20、hall fail if you dont work harder. ()(2)You shall get an answer from me tomorrow. ()(3)You shall be punished for what youve done.()(4)Shall I watch TV for a while?()(六)need1. 用作情态动词, need 意为“需要, 有必要”, 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把 need 提前, 否定形式是在 need 后加 not。*You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。2. 用作实
21、意动词, 意为“需要,有必要”, 可以用于各种句式中。*You dont need to go now.你不必现在就走。*I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。*Do we need to finish all the work today?我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?【随堂运用】(1)Must I stay here?No,you _.(2)You _not be told twice about one single thing.Needntneed(七)will/would1. 表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在, would 指过去, 用于否定句表示“不肯,
22、不乐意”。*I will never do that again.我决不会再做那种事了。2. 表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中, will 和 would 均可用,would 此时不表示过去, 而是表示委婉语气。*Will/Would you pass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗?3. will 和 would 可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是;常常”。*Fish will die without water. 没有水, 鱼会死去。*When my parents were away,my grandmother would take
23、care of me.我父母外出的时候, 总是祖母照看我。*I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。【随堂运用】(1)He _go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young.(2)Sorry,I forgot to tell John about your party.Doesnt matter.I _call him in a while.(3) _you open th
24、e window,please?I feel it is a little stuffy here.WouldWillWould(八)dare1. dare 作情态动词时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。*How dare you say Im unfair?你怎么敢说我不公平?*He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?他不敢在这么多人面前说英语, 是吗?*If we dared not go there that day,we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.如果
25、那天我们不敢去那里, 我们就得不到美丽的花。2. dare 作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中, dare 后面常接带 to 的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中, dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。*I dare to swim across this river.我敢游过这条河。*He doesnt dare (to) answer.他不敢回答。【随堂运用】(1)How _you fight against him?(2)No one _say he had nothing on.【知识延伸】情态动词+have done 的用法1. may/might+have
26、+过去分词: 用于肯定句和否定句, 表示对已经发生的事情的推测, 相当于“可能, 大概”。 might结构还表示过去本可能发生的事, 但并没发生。*Philip may/might have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤。*He might have gone to the gas station, but I am not sure.他可能去了加油站, 但我不确定。*He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.尽管他很忙, 他当时也
27、应该帮助你的。2. must+have+过去分词: 表示对过去事情的肯定推测,意为“肯定, 一定”, 仅用于肯定句。*It must have been around nine oclock when I droveback home because it was already dark.我开车回家时肯定是九点左右了, 因为天已经黑了。3. can(not)+have+过去分词: 对过去(不)可能发生的事进行推测, 多用于否定句和疑问句。*He cant have finished the work so soon.他不可能这么快就把工作做完了。*Where can Mary have pu
28、t the empty bottles?玛丽可能会把空瓶子放在哪里呢?4. could(not)+have+过去分词: 表示过去的时间里某事可能(不可能)已经发生; 也表示过去本能(不能)做而未做(做了)的事。*She could have gone off with some friends.她可能和一些朋友一起走了。*My mother came here by bus, but she could have taken a taxi.我妈妈坐公交车来的, 但她本可以坐出租车来的。*I met him at the hospital yesterday afternoon, so he c
29、ouldnt have attended yourlecture.我昨天下午在医院碰见他了, 所以他不可能去听了你的演讲。5.should/ought to+have+过去分词: 肯定句表示过去本应该发生的事却没有发生,意为“本应”; 否定句表示过去本不该发生的事却发生了, 意为“本不该”。*You should have come to the laboratory if you were really serious about yourresearch.如果你真的对你的研究负责的话, 你应该来实验室的。*They shouldnt have given him so much money
30、 only because he asked for.他们本不应该仅仅因为他要求就给他这么多钱。6. neednt+have+过去分词: 表示不必做的事情却做了, 意为“其实不必”。*Look, you neednt have bought those sweaters for me.I have just knitted one.看, 你本不必给我买那些毛衣, 我刚织了一件。【写作指导【写作指导-剧本写作】剧本写作】【文体剖析】本单元的写作任务是戏剧剧本创作。戏剧是一种综合的舞台艺术, 它借助文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术等艺术手段塑造舞台艺术形象, 揭示社会矛盾, 反映社会生活。戏剧剧本属于记叙文
31、。在写作形式上以对话为主, 应主要包括戏剧人物、人物的语言、舞台说明性文字等。【话题词汇】1. narrator n. 叙述者2. author n. 作者3. scene n.场面; 情景4. act n.(戏剧等的)幕5. actor n.演员6. actress n. 女演员7. artist n.艺术家8. perform v.演奏9. audience n.观众10. director n.导演11. playwright n.剧作家12. producer n.制片13. film n.电影14. play n.剧本15. opera n. 歌剧16. screen n.屏幕17.
32、 opera house n.歌剧院18. conduct n.指挥19. theater n.剧院20. scenery n.舞台布景21. set n.布景22. cinema n.电影23. stage n. 舞台【话题句式】1. It/The story happened in a shop on a sunny day.故事发生在一个阳光明媚的日子里, 一家商店中。2. Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair.亨利正走在大街上, 这时他看见一家理发店的标志。3. H
33、e is on the way to a shopping mall.他正在去购物中心的路上。4. Finally, the hero lives a happy life with the heroine.最后, 男主角和女主角过着幸福的生活。5. It turned out that he is a millionaire. 原来他是个百万富翁。6. Ten years later,he met an old lady in the street and they recognized each other.十年后, 他在街上遇到一位老太太, 他们互相认出了彼此。7. Im afraid
34、itll cost a large amount of money.恐怕它要花一大笔钱。8. You must come whenever you want.你想什么时候来就什么时候来。【典题演练】根据下面提示, 写一篇80词左右的戏剧, 介绍亨利带着100万英镑的支票去理发的过程。亨利正走在大街上, 看见了一家理发店, 决定去理发; 理发师用粗鲁的态度接待了他; 亨利坐在椅子上等待; 理发师问他是否付得起理发的费用; 理发结束后, 亨利出示了百万英镑的支票; 理发师十分吃惊, 并告诉他可随时光临。【谋篇】【遣词】1. _在大街上行走2. _的标志3. _太长4. _回来5. _无论何时(1)
35、 walk down the street(2) a sign for(3) much too long(4) Come back(5) whenever/no matter when【造句】1. 完成句子(1)亨利正在大街上行走, 就在这时, 他看到一家理发店的标志。_At that time,he sees a sign for a place that cutshair.(2)您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see _.(3)无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。(4)您仅有很少的头发要理!2. 句式升级(5)用 be doing . . . when . . . 升级句(1)(
36、6)用 as 引导的非限制性定语从句升级句(2)(7)用 even if 连接句(3)和句(4)Henry is walking down the street.that my hair is much too longPlease come back whenever you want.You only have too little hair to cut!Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair.As you can see, my hair is much too lo
37、ng.Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut!【成篇】(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair.He decides to have it cut. )H=HenryB=BarberH: Good afternoon, Id like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks atHenrys hai
38、r and continues cutting another mans hair. ) Er, Id really like a haircut.As you can see its much too long.B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that.Indeed, I can.H: Fine, well, Ill have a seat then.(He sits in one of the barbers chairs.The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: Its quite expensive here
39、, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes.I think so.(After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay.Henryshows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H:Adams.Henry Adams.Im sorry.I dont have any change.B: Please dont worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothingat all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair tocut!It will be my honour to serve you!
