1、Book 3 Unit 51. apologise(=apologize) vi.道歉道歉; 谢罪谢罪*Once again, I apologise to you for any inconvenience caused.After a while, she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.*As for your parents, you should make an apology to them.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)apologise to sb for (doing) sth. 因因(做做)某事向某人道
2、歉某事向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉道歉; 辩白辩白make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉因某事向某人道歉owe someone an apology 欠某人一个道歉欠某人一个道歉【即学活用】(1)语法填空1 1Im writing to make an apology _ not being able to attend the lecture with you. Itismysincerehopethatyoucanunderstandmysituationandacceptmy_(apologise).(2)I want to _the
3、party to be held next Saturday.我想因缺席下周六举办的聚会而向你道歉。（2）同义句转换。The waitress apologised to me for making a mistake.The waitress _for making a mistake.2. judge vt. &vi. 评价评价; 评判评判; 判断判断 n. 法官法官; 审判员审判员; 裁判员裁判员*Judging from your last letter, your parents are living a simple life to save every penny for
4、 yourfuture.*As far as I can judge, we should have a balanced diet and play sports regularly to keep physicallyhealthy.*You should make a judgement about the present situation, and then take proper measures.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)judging by/from 从从判断判断 judge sb /sthby/from 从从来判断某人来判断某人/某某物物as far as I can j
5、udge 据我判断据我判断; 我认为我认为 (2)judgment (=judgement)n. 裁决裁决; 判决判决; 判断判断make a judg(e)ment about 对对做出判断做出判断【名师点津】 judging from/by 用在句首时, 为一个独立成分, 不受句子主语和时态的影响, 只用现在分词形式作状语而不用过去分词形式。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。_ (judge)from the results of the 12th annual Wenjin Awards, high-quality books ontraditional Chinese culture are
6、 being brought back.The lecture is aimed at giving information for the parents to make their own_(judge).If we judge things only _ data from the so-called specific research, arent we a little toonarrow-minded?(2)_theabovestory,wecandrawtheconclusionthatwecant_. 从上面的故事判断, 我们可以得出这样的结论: 不要以貌取人。3. patie
7、nce n. 耐心耐心; 忍耐力忍耐力; 毅力毅力【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)be out of patience with对对失去耐心失去耐心(2)patientadj. 有耐心的有耐心的; 能忍耐的能忍耐的 n. 病人病人be patient with 对对有耐心有耐心impatientadj. 没有耐心的没有耐心的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。I really appreciate your _ (patient)while talking with me.But you always encourage me _(patient) and give me some suggestion
8、s.The city has planned to transform 24 general hospitals to cope with the increasing number of_ (patient)with fever.(2)We are finally _this kind of uncivilized behavior.我们最终对这种不文明行为失去了耐心。【补偿训练】(1)After all, forced waiting _. 毕竟, 被迫等待需要耐心。(2) _,I grew frustrated at the long waiting.尽管我很有耐心, 但漫长的等待使我变
9、得灰心丧气。4. indicate vt. &vi. 表明表明; 显示显示 vt. 象征象征; 暗示暗示This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains.*My English teacher indicated to me the fact that I lack patience in English study.*It is an indication that they are taking our concerns seriously.【词块积累】【词块积累】(
10、1)indicate sth (to sb)指示指示; 指出指出; 标示标示indicate that/wh-从句从句 表示表示; 示意示意 (2)indicationn. 指示指示; 表明表明indicative adj. 指示的指示的; 暗示的暗示的(仅作表语仅作表语)【即学活用】语法填空。(1)There are already facts and statistics _(indicate)they bring about negative impacts onteenagers.(2)Just as the name _(indicate),this festival falls o
11、n the ninth day of the ninth month ofthe Chinese lunar calendar.(3)This is a clear _ (indicate) of the connection with the solar activity.(4)She took out a map and indicated the quickest route _ us.5.Aboutamonth ago, Iwassailing,andtowardsnight I foundmyself carriedout to sea by astrong wind.大约一个月以前
12、大约一个月以前, 我正在航行我正在航行, 天快黑的时候天快黑的时候, 我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了海上。我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了海上。Yet, now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming morecomplex, I find myself needing a way to escape.*To be honest, I was a bit surprised to find quite a few people lining up there for the cards.*I do
13、hope youll find my advice helpful.【即学活用】语法填空。(1)I suddenly find myself _ (feel)afraid that my efforts wont pay off.(2)I always find myself _ (trap) in the situation where Chinese stands between me andwhat I want to express.(3)I do hope you will find these proposals _ (practice).(4)But unfortunately
14、I find _ quite hard to concentrate on my study.6. ignore vt. 忽视忽视; 对对不予理会不予理会*Moreover, others throw litter everywhere, ignoring othershard work.Sometimes ignorance and negative outlooks on situations can create anger.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)ignore sb /sth 不理睬某人不理睬某人/某事某事(2)ignorant adj. 无知的无知的; 愚昧的愚昧的ignora
15、ncen. 无知无知, 愚昧愚昧; 不懂不懂ignored adj. 被忽视的被忽视的; 被忽略的被忽略的【即学活用】(1)用 ignore 的正确形式填空。We lost ourselves in the beauty, _ a snake which was staring at us.There is no doubt of the benefits but the disadvantages cannot _.Childrens lack of education is also responsible for their _ of law.(2)Although the Intern
16、et plays an important role in modern life, we _ _tous. 尽管互联网在现代生活中发挥重要作用, 但我们不能忽视它对我们的危害。7. scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的戏剧或歌剧的)场场; 现场现场; 场面场面; 活动领域活动领域; 界界【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)on the scene在现场在现场; 当场当场 behind the scenes在幕后在幕后; 暗中暗中appear/come to the scene到场到场(2)sceneryn. 景色景色, 风景风景(总称总称)【即学活用】(1)语法填空。He was an importa
17、nt man _ the scenes in the play.Reporters were soon _ the scene after the accident.It describes a happy scene _ people are singing and dancing happily on festivals.(2)The police _shortly after the serious accident happened.这起严重的事故发生后不久, 警察就来到现场。8. spot vt. 看见看见; 注意到注意到; 发现发现 n. 地点地点; 处所处所; 斑点斑点; 污迹污
18、迹She said she spotted my wallet on a bus seat.Id like to show you around some of the famous scenic spots here to experience the beautiful city.I spotted a person in front of me walking very slowly and weaving.All the competitors are required to write on the spot and the results will be announcedimme
19、diately.【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Astone marks the spot _ the wealth was buried.Neighbors spotted smoke _ (come) out of the house.The best way is to go to the train station ahead of time and purchase your ticket right _ thespot.(2)The grass of the forest _.森林里的草地上点缀着黄色的小花。9. dare vi.&modal v.胆敢胆敢; 敢于敢于*Howe
20、ver, I dare not express myself, especially in public.*With nothing on the hand, they didnt dare to fight against the wolf.*There was something, dare I say it, a little unusual about him.要我说呀, 他这人有那么一点怪。【词块积累】【词块积累】how dare you. . .(表示气愤表示气愤)你竟然你竟然, 你竟敢你竟敢I dare say 我想我想; 很可能很可能; 大概大概【名师点津】 (1)dare 可
21、用作实义动词和情态动词, 用作情态动词时, 常与 hardly,never,noone,nobody 等连用, 意思是“敢”, 其后接动词原形, 通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及 if 或whether 之后, 一般不用于肯定句。Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告诉她事实真相吗?I darent ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。(2)dare 用作实义动词时意为“敢于”, 可以有各种词形变化, 可用于各类句型(肯定句、 否定句、疑问句及各类从句等), 其后多接带 to 的不定式, 有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句中), 可用于非谓
22、语形式、完成时态等。We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。I wonder how he dares (to) say such things. 我纳闷他怎么敢说这样的事情。The boy stood before the teacher, not daring to look up. 这个小男孩站在老师面前, 不敢抬头看。【即学活用】(1)You _any noise at home, fearing it would make me unable toput my heart into my study. 你不敢在家制造噪音,
23、 害怕使我不能专心学习。(2)In fact, no one _in her class unless she tells us to.事实上, 除非她让我们说, 没人敢在她的课上说话。10. sort n. 种类种类; 类别类别【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)a sort of. . . 一种一种all sorts of. . . 各种各样的各种各样的 sort of 有几分有几分(2)sortvt. &vi. 给给分类分类; 分拣分拣; 整理整理sort out分类分类; 整理整理【即学活用】用 sort 的相关语块填空。(1)Different kinds of garbage a
24、re required to be _and placed in different dustbins.(2)The process of the activity was _tiring.(3)Some are addicted to sharing _photos in the WeChat circle recently.11. in return 作为回报作为回报; 作为回应作为回应*Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return.*In return for your help, it is
25、my pleasure to invite you to come to Jinan next summer vacation.*Please apologise to me and return the extra money to me as soon as possible.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)in return for作为对作为对的回报的回报 on ones return某人一回来某人一回来(2)return sth to sb =return sb sth 归还某人某物归还某人某物return to回到回到【名师点津】常见【名师点津】常见“ “in+n. ”短语短语in c
26、ase 以防万一以防万一 in advance 事先事先; 提前提前 in danger 处于危险中处于危险中in order 井井有条井井有条 in place 在正确位置在正确位置 in reality/fact 事实上事实上【即学活用】(1)用适当的介词填空。In return _your considerate care during my trip in Britain, I will serve as a guide.Im wondering whether you could help me improve my spoken English_return._ her retur
27、n to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice becauseshe was a woman.(2)Free trips are offered _from water surface.免费旅行是对从水面收集废物的回报。12. by accident 偶然地偶然地; 意外地意外地【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)by chance偶然地偶然地, 意外地意外地 by design 有意地有意地, 故意地故意地 by mistake 错误地错误地(2)on purpose故意地故意地【即学活用】(1)Wh
28、ether _or _,he arrived too late to help us.无论是意外或故意, 他到得太迟了, 帮不上我们的忙。(2)I apologise to you for taking your book _.我因拿错了你的书向你道歉。13.And it was the ship that brought you to England. 就是这艘船把你带到了英国。就是这艘船把你带到了英国。【句式解构】(1)本句属于强调结构, 强调句子的主语 the ship。(2)强调结构是英语中最常使用的句型之一, 其构成形式是: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他
29、部分。在本结构中, it 无意义。若原句属于现在或将来时态范畴, 系动词用 is; 若原句属于过去时态范畴, 系动词用 was。*It was then that I saw his hind leg was injured and was bleeding.直到那个时候我才看到他的后腿受伤了, 并在流着血。*It is always our facing difficulties that can test our friendship with our friends.总是面对困难才能检验我们和朋友之间的友谊。*It was not until a doctor came into the
30、 room that I realized that I was in a hospital.直到一名医生进入房间我才意识到我在医院里。【名师点津】(1)被强调部分若是句子的主语, that/who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。*It is I who am to blame for the accident. 这起事故该由我负责。*It is you who are likely to win the contest. 有可能赢得这场比赛的是你。(2)当强调“not. . . until. . . ”句式时, 应把 not 与 until 一起放在被强调部分。until
31、 引导的时间状语从句用陈述语序; that 后面是主句, 也用陈述语序。*It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but alsoits weather.直到我来到这里, 我才意识到这个地方不仅因为它的美丽而且因为它的天气而出名。(3)强调句型用于一般疑问句时, 是“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who. . . ”结构; 用于特殊疑问句时, 是“疑问词+is/was it that. . . ? ”结构。*Was it not until
32、yesterday that it was made public? 到昨天才予以公布吗?*Where was it that you picked up the wallet? 你是在哪里捡到这个钱包的?【即学活用】(1)语法填空。It was not until in 1927_ the first full-length “talking film” was shown in New York.It was my grandma _ gave me a happy and rich childhood.It is your detailed introduction that _(ena
33、ble) me to have a deeper insight into Britishculture.(2)Whats more,_.更重要的是, 是你不断的鼓励激励着我变得自信。14. They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walkingon the street outside. 他们正准备找人下注他们正准备找人下注, 这时他们看见亨利在外面的街上走着。这时他们看见亨利在外面的街上走着。【句式解构】(1)be going to do. . . when. . . 正要做
34、这时; when 在这个结构中为并列连词, 相当于 and then 或 just at that time。(2)其他结构类似的句型还有: be doing. . . when. . . 正在做这时/突然be about to do. . . when. . . 正要做这时 had just done. . . when. . . 刚做完这时be on the point of doing. . . when. . . 正要做这时*He was doing his homework when the fire alarm began ringing.*I had just gone to b
35、ed after a very hard day when the phone rang.*They were about to make a plan for the day when it began to rain.【即学活用】(1)We _he suddenly took his jacket and ran away.我们正聊着呢, 突然他就拿着夹克跑开了。(2)He _suddenly he found the answer.他正准备放弃这个问题, 这时他突然找到了答案。(3)I _I realized that he asked for the direction to my o
36、fficebuilding. 我刚走出去几步,突然意识到他问的是去我的办公大楼的方向。15. intention n. 打算打算; 计划计划; 意图意图; 目的目的Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.*Chinese government will encourage reading with the intention of building a nation of readers.But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasnt
37、intended for him, he did somethingspecial.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)with the intention of怀着怀着的意图的意图have no intention of doing sth.没有做某事的打算没有做某事的打算; 无意做某事无意做某事(2)intend v. 想要想要; 打算打算; 意欲意欲intend doing/ to do sth 打算打算/想要做某事想要做某事intend sb to do sth.计划让某人做某事计划让某人做某事be intended for/to do. . .预定预定用途用途; 旨在旨在; 为为打算的打算
38、的had intended to do=intended to have done 本打算做本打算做（但实际未做）（但实际未做）【即学活用】语法填空。(1)The young expressed his strong intention _(develop) hisbusiness in China.(2)_ the intention of making some improvement in my English, I am writing to ask you forsome advice.(3)If Ive hurt your feelings,it was quite without
39、 _(intend).(4)The journey was intended _(achieve)more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott haddone.(5)The school being built at present is said to be intended _ the disabled children.16. hesitate vi. 犹豫犹豫; 迟疑迟疑; 顾虑顾虑Then when they come to other doors in life, they wont hesitate to open them and wal
40、k through.*He ran to the riverside, threw off his clothes and jumped into the water without hesitation.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事犹豫做某事 hesitate about/over/at. . .对对感到犹豫感到犹豫(2)hesitation n. 犹豫犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth毫不犹豫地做某事毫不犹豫地做某事【即学活用】(1)语法填空。If
41、I can be of any help, please dont hesitate _(let)me know.As a big fan of Chinese calligraphy myself, Ill recommend it without _(hesitate).(2)Faced with this challenge, Tom faced it _while Jim_it. 面对这一挑战, 汤姆毫不犹豫地面对它, 而吉姆对此犹豫不决。17. permit vt. &vi. 允许允许; 准许准许; 使有可能使有可能*So if health permits, he will
42、 continue to compete because he wants an Olympic gold medal.*Permit me to offer you my sincere congratulations.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)permit sb. ( to do) sth.允许某人允许某人(做做)某事某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事允许做某事(2)permissionn. 准许准许; 许可许可; 批准批准; 许可证许可证without permission未经许可未经许可【名师点津】(1)与 permit 一样, 后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构
43、(sb.to do. . . )的动词还有 allow(允许), forbid(禁止), advise(建议), encourage(鼓励)等。(2)weather permitting 为独立主格结构, 在句中作条件状语, 相当于条件状语从句: if weatherpermits。类似结构还有: time permitting,conditions permitting。*Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话, 他们将在明天组织一次海滩小游。【即学活用】 语法填空。(1)The
44、guards permitted me _(bring)my camera and PC.(2)Time _(permit),Im bound to make up for the practice next weekend.(3)We dont permit _ (smoke) in the building.(4)Only if a teacher has given _(permit) is a student allowed to enter this room.18. nowhere adv.无处无处; 哪里都不哪里都不*Theres nowhere to go in the eve
45、nings.*Nowhere else is the cashless trend more obvious than in China.*Hes nowhere near recovered yet from his experiences.【词块积累】【词块积累】nowhere else其他任何地方都不其他任何地方都不 nowhere near 远不及远不及; 差得远差得远theres nowhere to do sth.没地方做某事没地方做某事【即学活用】(1)The weather was foul, and the tourists had _.天气恶劣, 游客们无处可去。(2)It
46、 was _as hard as I expected. 这远没有我料想的那样难。(3)This kind of forest exists _in the world. 这类森林在世界其他任何地方都没有。19. extent n. 程度程度, 限度限度; 大小大小; 范围范围*As far as I am concerned, I agree with the former to some extent.*It has been an uphill struggle, but to a large extent we have succeeded.【词块积累】【词块积累】to some ex
47、tent/to a certain extent/to an extent 在一定程度上在一定程度上; 在某种程度上在某种程度上to a large extent在很大程度上在很大程度上【即学活用】(1)To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources _.在很大程度上, 重复使用和回收利用这种废弃物是节省资源。(2) _,that is the reason for the meeting.在某种程度上, 那就是召开会议的原因。20. manner n. 举止举止; 行为方式行为方式; 方法方法;pl. 礼貌礼貌; 礼仪
48、礼仪*After the virus outbreak, China shared its genetic sequence with the WHO and notified othercountries in a timely manner.*I was able to get a better understanding of table manners.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)in a. . . manner=in the manner of. . .以一种以一种的方式的方式; 带着一种带着一种的样的样子子in a manner=in some way=to a certain
49、extent 在一定程度上在一定程度上in this manner=in this way 用这种方式用这种方式all manner of 各种各样的各种各样的; 形形色色的形形色色的(人人, 东西等东西等)(2)mannersn. 礼貌礼貌; 礼仪礼仪 good/bad manners有有/没有礼貌没有礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪餐桌礼仪【即学活用】(1)The first important thing we should do is to be a student with _. 我们应该做的第一件重要的事情就是要做一个有礼貌的学生。(2)Im a professional
50、 and I have to conduct myself _.我是专业人士, 必须以专业方式行事。(3)In the morning,theres a lecture about _.早上有一个关于中国餐桌礼仪的讲座。21. option n. 可选择的事物可选择的事物; 选择选择; 选择权选择权【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)have no option but to do除了做除了做之外别无选择之外别无选择keep/leave your options open保留选择余地保留选择余地; 暂不决定暂不决定(2)optionaladj. 可选择的可选择的; 选修的选修的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。The _(option) cou
