1、2021 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题(第 1 套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions :For this part,you are allowed 30 minutestowrite an essay titledDoviolent videogamesleadto violence? .You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension (25minutes)SectionADirections: Inthis sec
2、tion,youwill hearthree newsreports. At the end of eachnews report, youwill hear two orthree questions. Both the newsreport and the questions will be spokenonly once.Afteryouhear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C) and D).Thenmark the corresponding letteron A
3、nswerSheet1withasingle line through the centre.Questions1 and 2are based onthe news report you have just heard.1.A) Enroll him in aNewcastle football club.B) Sendhim toan after-school art class.C) Forbid him to draw inhis workbook.D) Helphim post his drawings online.2.A) ContactedJoe to decorate its
4、dining-room.B) HiredJoe topaint all the wallsof its buildings.C) Renovated itskitchenand all the dining-rooms.D) AskedJoe forpermission touse his online drawings.Questions3 and 4are based onthe news report you have just heard.3. A) Get herpet dog back.B) Beg forhelp from the police.C) Identify the s
5、uspect or the security video.D) Post pictures of herpet dog onsocial media.4.A) It issuffering agreat deal from the incident.B) It ishelping the police withthe investigation.C) It is bringing the case to the local district court.D) Itisoffering abig reward toanyone who helps.Questions5 to7 are based
6、 on the newsreport youhave just heard.5.A) Provide free mealstothe local poor.B) Helppeople connect witheachother.C) Helpeliminate classdifference inhis area.D) Provide customerswith first-classservice.6.A) It doesnot supervise itsemployees.B) It donates regularly to alocal charity.C) It donatesregu
7、larly toa local charity.D) Itisopen round theclock.7.A) They will realise the importance of communication.B) They will cometo the cafevenm ore frequently.C) They will care lessabout theirown background.D) Theywill find they have something incommon.SectionBDirections: Inthis section,youwill hear two
8、longconversations. At the end of eachconversation,youwill hearfour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once.Afteryouhear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C) and D).Thenmark the corresponding letteron AnswerSheet1withasingle l
9、ine through the centre.Questions8 to11 are based on the conversation youhave just heard.8.A) A surprise party for Paul sbirthday.B) Travel plans for the comingweekend.C) Preparations for Saturday sget-together.D) Thenew marketon the other side of town.9.A) It makesthe hostess sjob awhole lot easier.
10、B) It enablesguests towalk around and chat freely.C) It savesconsiderable time and labor.D) Itrequires fewertables and chairs.10. A) Itoffers some bigdiscounts.B) Itisquite close toherhouse.C) It ismore spacious and lesscrowded.D) Itsellslocal winesand soft drinks.11. A) Cook a dish forthe party.B)
11、Arrive 10 minutesearlier.C) Prepare afewopening remarks.D) Bring hiscomputer andspeakers.Questions12 to 15are based onthe conversation you have just heard.12. A) For commutingtowork.B) For long-distance travel.C) For getting around inMiami.D) Forconvenience at weekends.13.A) They are reliable.B) The
12、y are compact.C) They are suspicious.D) Theyare easyto drive.14. A) Buy a second-hand car.B) Trust her own judgement.C) Seek advice from hisfriend.D) Look around before deciding.15. A) Hesellsnew cars.B) Hecan be trusted.C) He isstarting a business.D) Heisa successful cardealer.SectionCDirections: I
13、nthis section,youwill hear three passages. At the end of eachpassage,you will hearthree or fourquestions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarkedA),B),C) and D).Thenmark the corresponding lette
14、ronAnswerSheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions16 to 18are based onthe passage youhave just heard.16. A) Many escapedfrom farmsand became wild.B) They wereactually nativeto North America.C) Many got killedinthe wild whensearching for food.D) Theywere hunted by Spanish and Russian exp
15、lorers.17. A) They oftenmakesuddenattacks onpeople.B) They break up nature sfood supply chain.C) They cause muchenvironmental pollution.D) Theycarry a great many diseases.18. A) They livedpeacefully withwild pigs.B) They ranout of food completely.C) They fell victim toeagles.D) Theyreproducedquickly
16、.Questions19 to 21are based onthe passage youhave just heard.19. A) Taste coffee while inouter space.B) Roast coffeebeans in outerspace.C) Developa newstrain of coffeebean.D) Usea pressurised tank tobrew coffee.20. A) They caneasily get burned.B) They float around inthe oven.C) They have to be heate
17、dto360 .D) Theyreceive evenly distributedheat.21. A) They chargeda high price fortheirspace-roasted coffeebeans.B) They setup abranch inDubai tomanufacture coffeeroasters.C) They collaboratedon building the first space coffee machine.D) They abandonedthe attempt toroast coffeebeans inspace.Questions
18、22 to 25are based onthe passage youhave just heard.22. A) Itis the best timefor sightseeing.B) Arace passes through it annually.C) They cometo cleanthe Iditarod Trail.D) Itiswhen the villagerschoose aqueen.23. A) Itschildren sbaking skills.B) Itsunique winter scenery.C) Itstasty fruit pies.D) Itsgre
19、at food variety.24. A) The contestants.B) The entire village.C) JanNewton and her friends.D) People from the state of Idaho.25. A) She owned a restaurant inIdaho.B) She marriedher husband in1972.C) She went toAlaska to competeina race.D) She helpedthe village to becomefamous.Part III Reading Compreh
20、ension (40 minutes)SectionADirections: Inthis section,there isa passage withtenblanks. You are required to select one wordfor eachblank from alist of choicesgiveninaword bank following the passage.Readthe passage through carefully before making yourchoices.Each choice inthe bank isidentifiedby a let
21、ter. Please mark the corresponding letterforeachitem onAnswerSheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.You may not use any of the words inthebank more than once.Most animals seek shade when temperatures in the Sahara Desert soar to 120 degreesFahrenheit. But for the Saharan silver ants, 26from th
22、eir underground nests into the sunsbrutal rays to27for food, thisisthe perfecttime toseeklunch. In2015 these ants were joinedin the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the 28 heattracking the ants and digging out their nests. The goal was simple: to discover how
23、the 29adaptedtothe kind of heat that can30melt the bottom of shoes.Back inBelgium,the scientistslookedat the ants under an electronic microscope and foundthat their 31, triangular hair reflects light like a prism, giving them a metallic reflection andprotectingthem from the sun a swful heat. WhenPh.
24、D. student QuentinWillot32the hair fromanant with33_ knife and put itunder a heat lamp, itstemperature jumped.The ants method of staying cool is 34 among animals. Could this reflective type of hairprotect people? Willot sayscompanies are interestedin35theseants method of heat protectionfor human use
25、, including everything from helping to protect the lives of firefighters to keepinghomescool in summer.A) adaptingE) extremeI)remoteM)thickB) consciouslyF) huntJ) removedN) tinyC)crawlingG) literallyK) speciesO) uniqueD)crowdedH)moderateL)specimensSectionBDirections: Inthis section,you are going to
26、reada passage with tenstatementsattachedto it.Eachstatement contains information givenin one of the paragraphs. Identifythe paragraphfrom which the information is derived.Youmay choose aparagraph more thanonce.Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding le
27、tteron AnswerSheet 2.What happens whenalanguage has nowords fornumbers?Numbers donot exist inall cultures. There are numberless hunter-gatherers embeddeddeepinAmazonia, living along branches of the world ls argestriver tree. Instead of using words forprecisequantities, these people rely exclusivelyo
28、n termsanalogous to “ afewo”r “ some.”Incontrast, our own livesare governedby numbers. As you readthis, youare likely aware ofwhat time it is,how old you are,yourchecking account balance,yourweight and soon. The exact(andexacting) numberswe think withimpact everything from our schedules toour self-e
29、steem.But, in ahistorical sense,numerically fixatedpeople like usare the unusual ones. For the bulkof our species approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we had no meansof precisely representingquantities. Whatsmore, the7,000 or solanguages that existtoday vary dramatically in how theyutilize numbers.S
30、peakersof anumeric, or numberless, languagesoffer a window into how the invention ofnumbers reshapedthe human experience. In anew book, I explored the ways in which humansinventednumbers,and how numberssubsequently played acritical role inother milestones,fromthe advent of agriculture to the genesis
31、of writing.Cultures withoutnumbers, orwithonlyoneortwoprecisenumbers, includethe Mundurukuand Pirah? inAmazonia.ResearchershavealsostudiedsomeadultsinNicaragua who werenevertaught number words.Without numbers, healthy human adults struggle toprecisely differentiate and recall quantitiesas lowas four
32、.In anexperiment, aresearcherwill place nuts into acan one at atime,thenremovethemone by one. The person watching isaskedto signal when all the nuts have beenremoved.Responsessuggest that anumeric people have sometrouble keepingtrack of how many nuts remaininthe can, evenif there are only four or fi
33、veintotal.This andmany otherexperiments have convergedupon a simple conclusion: Whenpeople donot have numberwords,they struggle to makequantitative distinctions that probably seemnaturaltosomeone like youor me.Whileonly asmall portion of the world lasnguagesare anumeric ornearly anumeric,they demons
34、trate that numberwords are not a human universal.It is worth stressing that these anumeric people are cognitivelynormal,well-adapted to theenvirons theyhave dominated for centuries.As the childof missionaries, Ispent some of my youthliving with anumeric indigenous people, the aforementioned Pirah? w
35、ho live along the sinuousbanks of the black Maici River.Like otheroutsiders,I was continually impressedby theirsuperiorunderstandingof theriverine ecology weshared.Yet numberless people struggle withtasks that require precise discriminationbetweenquantities.Perhapsthis should be unsurprising.Afteral
36、l, without counting,how can someone tellwhetherthere are,say, sevenoreight coconutsin atree?Such seemingly straightforward distinctionsbecomeblurry through numberlesseyes.This conclusion isechoedby work withanumeric children inindustrialized societies.Prior to being spoon-fed number words, childrenc
37、an only approximately discriminatequantities beyond three. We must be handed the cognitive tools of numbers before we canconsistently and easily recognize higher quantities.In fact, acquiring the exact meaning of number words is a painstaking process that takeschildren years. Initially, kids learn n
38、umbers much like they learn letters. They recognize thatnumbers are organizedsequentially, but have littleawareness of what each individual numbermeans.Withtime,they start tounderstand that agivennumber represents aquantity greaterby one than theprecedingnumber. This successorprinciple ispart of the
39、 foundation of our numerical cognition,but requires extensive practice tounderstand.None of us, then,is really anumbers person.We are not predisposedto handle quantitativedistinctions adroitly. Inthe absence of the cultural traditions that infuse our liveswith numbers frominfancy,we would all strugg
40、le withevenbasic quantitative distinctions.Numberwords and writtennumerals transform our quantitativereasoning as theyare coaxedinto our cognitive experience by our parents, peers and school teachers. The processseems sonormal that we sometimesthink of it asa natural part of growing up, but it is no
41、t. Humanbrainscomeequipped with certain quantitativeinstincts that are refinedwith age,but these instinctsareverylimited.For instance, evenat birth we are capable of distinguishing betweentwomarkedlydifferent quantities forinstance, eight from 16 things.But we are not the only speciescapable of such
42、 abstractions. Compared tochimpsand otherprimates,our numerical instincts are not as remarkableas many presume. Weevenshare somebasicinstinctual quantitative reasoning with distant nonmammalian relativeslike birds. Indeed,work withsome otherspecies,including parrots, suggeststhey too canrefine their
43、quantitative thought if theyare introducedto the cognitivepower tools we call numbers.So, how didwe everinvent unnaturalnumbers inthe first place?The answer is,literally,at your fingertips.The bulk of the worlds languages use base-10, base-20or base-5 numbersystems.That is,these smallernumbers are t
44、he basis of largernumbers. Englishisabase-10 or decimal language,as evidencedby words like 14 (four +10) and 31 (threex10 + one).We speak a decimal language because an ancestral tongue, proto-Indo-European,wasdecimallybased. Proto-Indo-European wasdecimally orientedbecause, asin somany cultures, our
45、linguistic ancestors handsservedas the gateway to realizations likefive fingers on thishand is thesame asfive fingers onthat hand.Such transient thoughts were manifestedinto words and passeddown across generations. This iswhy theword fiveinmany languages isderivedfrom the wordforhand.Most number sys
46、tems, then, are the by-product of two key factors: the human capacity forlanguage and our propensity for focusing on our hands and fingers. This manual fixation anindirect by-product of walking upright on twolegshas helped yieldnumbers in most cultures,butnot all.Cultures without numbersalso offerin
47、sight into the cognitive influence of particular numerictraditions.Considerwhat time itis. Your day is ruledby minutes andseconds, but these entitiesarenot real inany physical sense and are nonexistent tonumberless people.Minutes andseconds arethe verbal and written vestiges of an uncommon base-60 n
48、umber system used in Mesopotamiamillennia ago. They reside inour minds, numerical artifactsthat not all humans inherit conceptually.Research on the language of numbersshows,more and more,that one of our specieskeycharacteristics is tremendous linguistic and cognitive diversity. While there are undou
49、btedlycognitive commonalities across all human populations, our radically varied cultures fosterprofoundly differentcognitive experiences.Ifwe are totruly understand how muchour cognitivelivesdiffercross-culturally,we must continually sound the depths of our specieslinguistic diversity.36.It is wort
50、h stressing that these anumeric people are cognitively (在认知方面） normal, well-adaptedtothe surroundings they have dominated forcenturies.37. Compared withother mammals,our numerical instincts are not asremarkable as many assume.38. It is worth stressing that these anumeric people are cognitively( 在认知方
