1、 Book 5 unit 1 The mass media grammar and usage grammar and usage A Exploring the rulesRead the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer finish the timeline and find the sentences that use the past perfect tense. The first one has been done for you.by then he had learnt very little English. by the age of
2、 25, he had become a publisher.He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-DispatchWorking out the rulesWe often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened (1) _ (before/after) a past action or state.The verb form of the past perfect tense is “(2) _
3、(have/had) done”.beforehad1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去过去的过去”。可以用。可以用by, before等介词短语或等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示可能通过上下文来表示如：如： He had tried his best although he failed. Jim said that he had lear
4、ned some Chinese before.2 过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于want, hope, intend等词。如：等词。如： I had wanted to help you, but I was too busy then. I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me. 3.3.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和的动作或状态，常和for, sinc
5、efor, since构成的时间状语连用。构成的时间状语连用。如：如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了当车来的时候，我在车站已等了2020分钟。分钟。4.4.叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。补述以前发生的动作
6、时，常使用过去完成时。如如:Mr.Smith died yesterday .He had been a good friend of mine.:Mr.Smith died yesterday .He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。5.过去完成时可以用于过去完成时可以用于hardlywhen或或no soonerthan等结构，等结构，表示表示“一一就就”。如：。如：I had hardly entered the classroom when the bell rang.6.
7、过去完成时常有过去完成时常有by, when等引导的时间状语作为标志。如：等引导的时间状语作为标志。如：I had finished reading the novel by the end of last week. 7. 常用于以下固定句型：常用于以下固定句型：It / This / That was the first / second / . time + that从句，从从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时；句中谓语动词常用过去完成时；It was +一段时间一段时间+ since从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完成时，如：成时，如：It was the th
8、ird time that he had mentioned his mother in his speech. It was 3 months since I had come back from abroad. 8.8.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如: : I returned the book that I had borrowed. I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。我已归还了我借的书。 9
9、. 9. 过去完成时常常用在过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, told, said, knew, heard, thoughtthought等动词后的宾语从句等动词后的宾语从句( (或间接引语或间接引语) )中，这时从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如例如:He said that he had known her well.:He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。他说他很熟悉她。BApplying the rulesCircle the mis
10、takes and correct them in the blanks below.B11 Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he had started to work hard at the language._Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he started to work hard at the language.2 Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he
11、 arrived home at midnight, he was working for over 10 hours. _ _3 For the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a successful journalist and publisher. _ _Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he arrived home at midnight, he had worked for over 10 hours.By the time he was 25, Pulitzer had b
12、ecome a successful journalist and publisher.4 Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its failure in 1931. _ _Many of the best reporters had worked for his paper before its failure in 1931.win build intend award allowBelow is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes. Complete it with
13、the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.B2The Pulitzer Prizes are a set of 21 awards honoring excellence in journalism and the arts. The prizes were established largely due to the efforts of Joseph Pulitzer, who (1) _ his reputation as a newspaper publisher. He left money in his 1904 will to
14、 fund the establishment of the prizes, stating that he wanted four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one for education, and five traveling scholarships. builtwin build intend award allowSince the first prizes (2) _ in 1917, there have been many winners and many people have won more th
15、an once. Past winners include such famous names as Eugene ONeill. When ONeill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time he (3) _ one.were awardedhad wonThere have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time. Some of these resulted from advances in technology.
16、 For example, online content from newspaper websites (4) _ in all of the journalism categories since 2006. the Pulitzer Prizes have also expanded to include such categories as photography and music. Nevertheless, journalism is still what the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for. Today, winning the Pul
17、itzer Prizes is considered by many to be the highest achievement possible in journalism-just as Pulitzer (5) _.has been allowedwin build intend award allowhad intendedlanguage focus I.Phrases :1.1.和某人聊天和某人聊天2.2.向某人提供某物向某人提供某物3.3.指责某人某事指责某人某事 4.4.发芽，暴涨发芽，暴涨5.5.增加，上升增加，上升6.6.首倡首倡7.7.把把视作视作8.8.思想道德思想道德
18、9.9.由于由于10.10.由由引起引起11.11.经过一段时间经过一段时间12.12.扩展至扩展至13.13.被被认为是认为是chat to/ with sbchat to/ with sboffer sb sthoffer sb sthaccuse sb of sthaccuse sb of sthshoot up shoot up mount up mount up the first to advocatethe first to advocateregard regard as asminds and moralsminds and moralsdue to due to resul
19、t fromresult fromover time over time expand to expand to be considered to bebe considered to be II. key words: 1)accuse : 1)accuse : 控告控告1.After_1.After_ （accuseaccuse） of cheating in the of cheating in the examexam， the boy was in low spiritsthe boy was in low spirits2. 2. 我曾经因为没有定期打理自家花园而被邻居起诉过。我曾
20、经因为没有定期打理自家花园而被邻居起诉过。（accuse of, tend)accuse of, tend)3.3.一名女演员被指控偷税漏税。（一名女演员被指控偷税漏税。（accuse, tax evasionaccuse, tax evasion）being accusedI was ever accused of not tending my garden by my neighbour.An actress was accused of tax evasion.2)shoot up1. With the number of homecoming overseas students _ u
21、p in 1. With the number of homecoming overseas students _ up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.gradually faded. A. shot B. being shot C. shooting D. to shoo A. shot B. being shot C. shooting D. to
22、shoo2.2. It seems that houses _ like mushrooms almost in the It seems that houses _ like mushrooms almost in the night during the housing boom. Which of the following is night during the housing boom. Which of the following is IMPROPER?IMPROPER? A. pop up B. spring up C. shoot up D. stick up A. pop
23、up B. spring up C. shoot up D. stick upCDA.pop up突然出现；B.spring up涌现，出现；C.shoot up发芽，暴涨；D.stick up竖起。3)award3)award sb. sth.= _ =sth. be _ to sb. 奖励某人某物 Tu Youyou _ the Nobel Prize for Medicine at the age or 84，the first Chinese person ever to win the award.（） A. was awarded B. is awarded C. is award
24、ing D. has awardedaward sth. to sb.awardedAZou Taofen was a famous Chinese journalist and publisher. Read the timeline below and describe his life story using the past perfect tense.B318951895Born inBorn inFujianFujian19211921Becomes Becomes the chief the chief editor of editor of Life Life WeeklyWe
25、ekly19311931Starts aStarts a newnew journaljournal called Lifecalled Life ofof thethe MassesMasses19441944Graduates Graduates from from universityuniversity19261926Starts campaigning Starts campaigning against the against the Japanese invasionJapanese invasion19351935Dies in Dies in ShanghaiShanghai
26、19221922Becomes Becomes an editoran editorZou Taofen was born in Fujian in 1895. After he had graduated from university in 1921, he became an editor. Before he started a new journal Life of the Masses in 1935, he had started campaigning against the Japanese invasion in 1931. He died in Shanghai in 1944.
