1、Unit 2 Bridging CulturesDiscover useful structures To be able to mark a noun clause. To use the conjunctions of a noun clause correctly. To be able to use and write noun clauses.Mark the noun clauses and analyse what the function of each noun clause in the sentences is?画出名词性从句并分析是什么从句。画出名词性从句并分析是什么从
2、句。1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.3. Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.4. I dont like what he does every day. 5. I dont
3、know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.Presentation:1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.3. Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance
4、 between her studies and her social life.主从主从表从主从4.I dont like what he does every day.5. I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.宾从同位从同位语 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause主语从句主语从句 subject clause宾语从句宾语从句 object clause表语从句表语从句 predicative clause同位语从句同位语从句 appositive
5、clauseSummary: 在句子中起在句子中起名词名词(或代词）或代词）作用的从句作用的从句，统称为名，统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，可分为：词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，可分为：1. What surprised me was that Bill Gates would give us a lecture which was about the development of information and technology.2. He brought us the news that she won the game.3. Our success depe
6、nds on how well we can cooperate with one another. 主从：位于主句主从：位于主句谓语动词前谓语动词前（it作形主除外）作形主除外） 宾从：位于宾从：位于动词后或介词后动词后或介词后 表从：位于表从：位于系动词之后系动词之后 同从：同从：前有抽象名词前有抽象名词，该名词与从句，该名词与从句无无逻辑联系逻辑联系 定从：定从：前有名词或代词前有名词或代词，该词与从句，该词与从句有有逻辑联系逻辑联系Mark the noun clauses and analyse what the function of each noun clause in the
7、 sentences is?画出名词性从句并分析是什么从句。画出名词性从句并分析是什么从句。 名词 同位语从句同位语从句We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again. 判断判断 谓语动词 宾语从句宾语从句 主语从句主语从句 系动词 表语从句表语从句 When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow.The problem is when John will come back. 从句判断从句判断1. 找谓语动词找谓语动词2
8、. 判断句式（简单句，并列句，复合句）判断句式（简单句，并列句，复合句）3. 区分主句和从句（跟在关联词后的是从句）区分主句和从句（跟在关联词后的是从句）4. 判断从句类型判断从句类型【语境应用语境应用】判断下列标红部分属于哪种名词性从句。判断下列标红部分属于哪种名词性从句。1. What I want to do is taking a bath.2. The news that they won the game spread the whole school.3. I dont think he is an honest boy.4. The fact is that he stole
9、the car.5. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6. It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位从同位从)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(同位从同位从)(主从主从)名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词/连接词连接词分为三类分为三类（从属）连词：（从属）连词：that, whether, if 3个个 不不充当句子成分充当句子成分连接代词：连接代词：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever), 5个个 主宾表定主宾表定连接副词连接副词:
10、 when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why 4个个 状状whatwhat引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、语、宾语、表语宾语、表语等，等，相当于相当于all that/everything that.all that/everything that.，常译成常译成“所所的的”。thatthat引导名词性从句时只起连接作用，在从句中引导名词性从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，不作任何成分，无实际意义无实际意义。 I dont know what they are talking a
11、bout. (what引导宾语从句，在从句中作about的宾语) I know (that) he is leaving for Shanghai. 宾从中that 一般可省略。 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. (that引导宾语主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分)“易错易错”引导词的区别：引导词的区别：一、一、what & that二、二、whether & ifwhether可与可与or not连用，但连用，但if不能。不能。whether从句可位于句首或句尾，而从句可位于句首或句尾，而if不能引导位于句首的不能引
12、导位于句首的主语从句。主语从句。 Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (不能用不能用if引导引导)if不能引导表语从句、同位语从句。不能引导表语从句、同位语从句。介词后的宾语从句不能用介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导。引导。 It all depends on whether they will join us for a picnic. (不能用不能用if引导引导)名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序Summary: 名词性从句的语序必须是名词性从句的语序必须是陈述陈述语序：语序：连主谓连主谓。Can you tell
13、me where he lives?The question is how I can persuade her to join us in the party.主语从句主语从句1. How he can learn to appreciate Chinese culture more deeply remains an important goal for him.2. Why the school denied his application is still unknown. 3. During this period, whatever people experience is fre
14、sh and exciting to them.在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句，其引导词有在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句，其引导词有that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等。等。结构：结构：S从从VO/ S从从V系系P1. That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not ye
15、t fixed when he will go to America.)有时候可用有时候可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。【拓展拓展】常见的用常见的用it作形式主语的句式有：作形式主语的句式有： It is + a(n) + n. + 从句；从句； It is a shame that they should be so wasteful. It is + adj. + 从句；从句； It is nice that you are so sympathetic. It is + 过去分词过去分词 + 从句；从句； It is said that he is t
16、he winner. It + 特殊动词特殊动词 + 主语从句。如：主语从句。如： It seems / appears . that . 似乎似乎； It happened (to sb.) that . (某人某人)碰巧碰巧； It has turned out that . 结果是结果是【Summary】常见的用常见的用it作形式主语的句式有：作形式主语的句式有：It is + a(n) + n. + 从句；从句； adj. + 从句；从句； 过去分词过去分词 + 从句；从句； 特殊动词特殊动词 + 主语从句。主语从句。 主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致 主语从句通常被看作一个整体，
17、主句的谓语动词用主语从句通常被看作一个整体，主句的谓语动词用单数形式。单数形式。 That they will come is certain. what 引导主语从句时，如果主句是主系表结构，主引导主语从句时，如果主句是主系表结构，主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定。句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定。 What he wants is some water. What he wants are these books.表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，一般放在连系动，一般放在连系动词之后。词之后。 作用：对主语进行解释说明。 结构：结构：SV系系P从从
18、The problem is that we have lost touch with him. This is how Henry solved the problem.My idea is that we should do it right away.表语从句表语从句表语从句注意事项表语从句注意事项当主语是当主语是reason，且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用，且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用that引导从句；而引导从句；而it, this或或that作主语时，后面的表语从作主语时，后面的表语从句可用句可用because或或why引导。引导。 The reason was that he
19、 fell ill. It was because he fell ill. That was why he fell ill.表语从句还可由表语从句还可由as if / though, as等引导，等引导，if 不能引导不能引导表从表从。如：如： It looks as if it is going to rain. The house looks as it did when he lived in it as a child. 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句。宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句。结构：结构：SVO从从 (动宾动宾/介宾介宾/形容词后加宾从形容词后加宾从）1
20、. She did not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. (作动词的宾语作动词的宾语)(作介词的宾语作介词的宾语)(作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语)宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句引导词that引导宾从时，只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，可以省略。但以下三种情况下不能省略that：1. 当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；
21、e.g. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.2. 当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；e.g. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.3. 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。e.g. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句：1. 当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if.e.g. I dont know whethe
22、r I will stay or not.2. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.3. if引导宾语从句时可以有否定式，而whether从句则没有。e.g. I dont care if he doesnt come.宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项1. 表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”等意义的动词，如等意义的动词，如suggest, demand, order, insist等，其后的宾语从句中谓语动词用等，其后的宾语从句中谓语动词用should + 动词原形动词原形，should可省略。如
23、：可省略。如： She demanded that he return the books he borrowed from her.宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项2. 从句中的从句中的时态时态问题：问题：1）. 若若主句主句是是一般一般现在时态或一般将来时现在时态或一般将来时，则，则从句从句的时态的时态不限不限。e.g. I think Jim is speaking too quickly.2). 若若主句主句是是一般过去时一般过去时，从句从句必须用必须用过去过去时态时态的某一种。的某一种。e.g. I knew she had swept the floor already.3). 若
24、从句叙述的是若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时一般现在时。e.g. They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth.3.当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，通常用当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。将宾语从句后置。 Do you think it possible that the work will be finished by the end of this month?4.否定前置否定前
25、置/ /前移：在前移：在think，believe，suppose， imagine, feel等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。 I dont think (that) I can ever forgive him. 我不认为我会原谅他。VS 我认为我永远都不会原谅他。 I dont suppose you need to worry about it.5. 宾从的虚拟语气。宾从的虚拟语气。 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个抽象n.的后面，用来说明名词的具体内容。这类名词有：fact, idea, news, promise
26、, information, message, belief, doubt, hope, opinion, possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning等。 同位语从句e.g.We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.The problem that they cant get here early i
27、s hard to solve.同位从与定从的区别1. 同位语从句既“说明、修饰”先行词，又“等同”于先行词。定语从句“修饰、限制”先行词，由“关系词”替代先行词，在从句中充当成分。 e.g. We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. (同位语从句) Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. (定语从句)2. that在从句中的作用 同位语从句中that为连
28、接词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略。 e.g. The news (that) he told me surprised me. (定语从句) The news that he gave in surprised me. (同位语从句)3. 其他引导词的使用 引导同位语从句的词除that外，还可用whether，连接代词who，what及连接副词when, where, how, why等；引导定语从句的词除that外，还有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, a
29、s以及关系副词when, where, why。1. It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time. (2020江苏江苏) A. whether B. why C. when D. where 2. This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _. (2020江苏江苏) A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whateverAD3
30、. The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said. (2020天津天津) A. that B. what C. when D. where B4. Some time after 10,000BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend l
31、ess on _ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. (2020浙江浙江)what5. Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body. (2019江苏江苏)6. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go
32、. (2019北京北京)7. This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (2018 北京北京)that where what8. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now. (2018 北京北京) 9. The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race. (2018 天津天津) wherewhoever10. B
33、y boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived. (2018 江苏江苏)11. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was _ his father had expected. (2018 天津天津)howwhat.选用方框内合适的连接词填空。1. How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, _ you want.2. Why not try your luck downtown
34、, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. 3. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. that, what, where, when, whoever, whatever, whether, whywhateverwherewhen4. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please?5. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which i
35、s _ he never finishes anything. 6. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. 7. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. 8. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened th
36、e door to his bedroom.that, what, whoever, whether, whywhoeverwhywhether whatthat II. 将下面句子的画线部分改为名词性从句。1. I heard of his death.2. I do not believe his words.3. His friends hoped for his recovery.4. Nobody knows the time of his arrival.I heard that he had died.I do not believe what he has said.His f
37、riends hoped that he would recover.Nobody knows when he will arrive.5. The reason for his failure is unknown.6. We expect an improvement in his performance.7. The place of their meeting was known to the police.Why he has failed is unknown.We expect that there will be an improvement in his performanc
38、e.Where they would meet was known to the police.III.找出下面题中的错误并改正。1. It depends on if you want to do it or not.2. Mrs. Scott assigned whomever was late extra homework. 3. It was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 4. The problem is if we will be able to finish the task on time.if whet
39、herwhomever whoeverIt Whatif whether 5. Is there any possibility what you could pick me up at the airport? No problem. 6. That suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 7. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats why I dont agree. You shoul
40、d have a more active life. 8. You can only be sure of that you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.what thatThat Itwhy wherethat whatWork in pairs and take turns to talk about Xie Leis experience by completing the following sentences with your own words.1 That . made Xie Lei confused at first.2 It surprised Xie Lei that .3 What Xie Leis tutor wanted to say was that 4 The motivation for Xie Lei to study abroad was that Complete the exercise课堂达标和跟课堂达标和跟踪七踪七.
