1、UNIT 3FOOD AND CULTUREPart 1Reading and Thinking基础过关练.单词拼写1.As an absolute(最低限度), you should spend half an hour in the eveningstudying.2.Helen(把切成薄片)the cake, giving each one a share at the birthdayparty the other day.3.Yao Chuhao(姚楚豪), a famous chef, has been creating new(食谱)as thecountry seeks to
2、boost tourism by promoting its(菜肴).4.President Xi Jinping has proposed the “clear your plate” campaign, aimed at(吃) food normally, and stopping wasting food.选词填空consist of;prior to;be related to;hand in hand1.Its studied that the high crime ratehigh unemployment.2.This term, the chemistry clubfive c
3、lasses of students.3.If a person places moneyanything else, its very likely that he couldnot enjoy the happiness in life.4.The two children are very close, and I often see them walkingaround the playground after class.单句语法填空1.His hands(stuff) in his pockets while wandering around the street withhis
4、friends last night.2.(face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice.3.Naughty Tom sat in his seat,(listen) anxiously to the teacher.4.In an(exception) case, a student might change his major when permittedby the president of the college.5.Not only did he fail to deliver farm
5、 produce to the tables of(consume),but he couldnt make ends meet and had to survive on instant noodles for threemonths.完成句子1.又湿又冷, 他非常想温暖一下自己。, he wanted to warm himself very much.2.不是我们做多少事情而是我们对我们所做的事投入多少爱对我们的工作最有益。It is not how much we do but how much love we put intothatbenefits our work most.3.
6、老师确实告诉我被我儿子打破的玻璃已经扫走了。The teacherme that the glasshad beenswept away.4.另一方面,学生外出去网吧通宵打游戏是严重的违纪行为。, it is a serious violation of discipline for students to goout to Internet cafes to play games all night.课文语法填空Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was inAmerica, with Chine
7、se food that1(change) to suit American tastes.Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by2(come) toChina. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to me and my family by a friend.3(tire), hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order,4the chef just began f
8、illing our table with the best food we had ever eaten. Withthis, we had the pleasure of experiencing an5(entire) new taste: Sichuanpeppercorns. The food was very wonderful and different, but6was moreimportant was the friendship7(offer) us. In northern Xinjiang, the traditionalfoods are what you can
9、cook over8open fireusually boiled or roastedmeat.From south to central China, in each place we experienced wonderful local9(dish), including Guangdongs elegant dim sum and Henans exceptional stewednoodles. Everywhere, the food was varied, just similar to the people. However, whatsthe deepest impress
10、ion on me is that through food, Chinese people everywhere showfriendship and10(kind).1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升练.阅读理解AFast-food chains including Burger King and Starbucks have brought inplant-based meat products to China in an effort to promote healthy eating and protectthe environment. Readers share
11、 their opinions.Linda (China)I just dont get it. If you want something that tastes like meat, youd better eatmeat. Plant-based meat is highly processed. It is not as healthy as vegetables. Itcontains amounts of unhealthy fat, salt and artificial additives. Regular exercise, alongwith a well-balanced
12、 diet, is the best way to stay healthy.Terryfoy (the UK)The human body was not designed for us only to eat vegetables. We are designedto eat meat. The protein that our body must have to survive comes from the meat weeat. The body functions properly with the correct balance between meat andvegetables
13、. Too much meat and we get fat;too little meat and we get skinny and weak.If you want to be healthy, you must eat a balanced diet of both meat and vegetables.Taikor (Malaysia)Start with a huge cutdown on meat. Regarding pigs, do you know they couldoutsmart you on PlayStation games? Dont be surprised
14、. Theyre much smarter thandogs. So they are better at video games than some primates(灵长目动物). Pigs areextremely clever animals. Theyre gentle, defenseless creatures. Start doing it now. Itstime we made a change.Sockmonkey (Singapore)I could never be a vegetarian. I eat very little meat, but I do love
15、 the meat I eat!If one has to cut down on meat, it seems that red meat is the first thing to beminimized since its not as good for you as other types.1.What does Linda think of plant-based meat?A.Unhealthy.B.Necessary.C.Delicious.D.Well-balanced.2.Who suggests that humans have less meat?A.Linda and
16、Taikor.B.Linda and Terryfoy.C.Taikor and Sockmonkey.D.Terryfoy and Sockmonkey.3.Whats the main purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the harm of eating too much meat.B.To show us different opinions about eating meat.C.To inform us of the advantages of a balanced diet.D.To state the necessity of prot
17、ecting the environment.BThe US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, “First we eat, andthen we do everything else.”This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct.16. Butregardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differgreatly from c
18、ountry to country. For example, things like chicken feet, duck heads,and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try oneof these things, though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to makethem give up meat altogether.At the same time, however, the majority
19、of people in Western nations regardthemselves as meat eaters. So, what could be the reason behind this double standard?There are a number of possible answers to that question, yet one major reasoncould lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the yearsfollowing it, eating most
20、 parts of an animal was common in many Western countriessuch as the UKperhaps owing to rationing(定量配给政策) as a result of World War(19391945).But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways inthe US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased,
21、wroteFrancesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat: 1900The Present.Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tended not tosell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to meat soonshifted. “The animal gradually disappeared from meat, and peoples
22、 ignorance aboutwhat animal the meat they ate came from increased,” Burnett added.As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meatas simply a food product, rather than something that came from an animal.However, this theory may go even further back if we look at the wor
23、ds theEnglish language uses to describe meat. “We de-animalize certain foods that we eatby giving them different names,” Hal Herzog, author of Some We Love, Some WeHate, Some We Eat:Why Its So Hard to Think Straight About Animals, told the onlinemagazine Grist. “We dont say its the cooked pig; we sa
24、y its pork. And we dont saythe hamburger is made of the cow; we say its made of beef.”So it seems that theres not one simple answer to this question. When it comes toeating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste.4.The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to.A.introduce
25、 various food culturesB.stress Westerners love for foodC.show differences in Chinese and Western food culturesD.draw attention to Westerners “de-animalized” meat5.What does the underlined word “ignorance” mean in Paragraph 6?A.Blindness.B.Fear.C.Misunderstanding.D.Challenge.6.What changed peoples at
26、titudes toward meat in the 1960s and 1970s?A.The words used to describe meat.B.The rise of supermarkets.C.The need for a healthier lifestyle.D.The introduction of highways.七选五Known locally as sakura, the cherry blossoms in Japan are popular with bothlocals and tourists. For the Japanese, sakura hold
27、 much cultural and historicalsignificance that goes deeper than their obvious beauty.1Sakura are usually only in full bloom(盛开) for about one week.2Theflowers are so small and round that when they eventually start to fall, its almost likesnow falling from the sky.The specific time of the cherry blos
28、som season varies from region to region eachyear. Luckily, the Japan Meteorological Agency(日本气象厅) has done all the work.Each year it posts forecasts of when the blooming will begin in each region.3They also depend heavily on temperature patterns.4There are a number of celebrations, so youre likely t
29、o find a hanamiparty wherever you go. What makes up a hanami party, besides sakura viewing, iseating and drinking. Groups of people will set up camp in a park and have a picnicunder the trees. Some bring home-cooked meals, some have cuisine on the go andothers buy pre-prepared food, such as ham and
30、sausage.5A.Its easy to plan your trip around the sakura.B.Most people bring beer or other drinks to mark the occasion.C.Many people hold flower-watching parties known as hanami.D.The predictions arent just looking at the weather months in advance.E.The JMA will release updated forecasts with the new
31、est information.F.The pink flowers have inspired poets, artists and soldiers for centuries.G.If you manage to catch the tail end of the blooming, youll see the beautiful event.1.2.3.4.5.参考答案参考答案基础过关练.1.minimum2.sliced3.recipes;cuisine4.consuming.1.is related to2.consists of3.prior to4.hand in hand.1
32、.were stuffed考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他昨晚和朋友在街上闲逛时双手插在口袋里。 此处 stuff 作动词,意为“把塞进”,与主语之间为被动关系,且陈述发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态。2.Faced考查过去分词。 句意:面对困难的情况,他决定向老板征求意见。be facedwith 意思为“面临,面对”,此处应用非谓语动词形式,故填过去分词 Faced,构成过去分词短语作状语。易错分析本题容易用现在分词 facing,容易忽略后面的 with,从中文思维理解,认为“某人”与“面临”之间是主动关系而出现错误。“人+face+物”表示“某人面对/面临某物”;“人+be f
33、aced with+物”也表示“某人面对/面临某物”。3.listening考查现在分词。句意: 调皮的汤姆坐在座位上,焦虑地听着老师讲课。listen与句子的主语Tom之间为主动关系,且伴随前面的sat这一动作发生,故用现在分词作伴随状语。4.exceptional考查形容词。句意:在特殊情况下,经学院院长允许,学生可能转专业。case 是名词,所以前面应该用形容词作定语。an exceptional case 特殊情况。5.consumers考查词性转换及名词单复数。句意:他不仅没能把农产品送到消费者的餐桌上,而且入不敷出,不得不靠方便面维持了三个月的生活。设空处作介词of 的宾语,且前面
34、没有限定词,泛指“消费者”,应该用名词复数形式。.1.Wet and cold2.what we do3.did tell;broken by my son4.On the other hand.1.had been changed考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在来中国之前,我对中国菜的唯一体验是在美国,那里的中国食物已经被改变了以适应美国人的口味。Chinese food 与 change 之间是被动关系。 根据句意可知此空表示的动作应该是发生在来中国之前,因此用过去完成时的被动语态。ing考查动名词。句意:后来,通过来中国我有机会体验了正宗的中国食物。by doing sth.通过做某事。3
35、.Tired考查形容词。句意:又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们不知道怎么点菜。此处应用形容词作状语。4.so考查连词。句意:又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们不知道怎么点菜,于是厨师就开始在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。根据句意,可以判断出上下文之间为因果关系,空前的部分是因,空后的部分是果,故用 so 连接。5.entirely考查副词。此处指我们有幸体验了一种全新的味道。注意此空修饰的是 new, 所以用副词。6.what考查名词性从句。句意:食物很美味、很不同,但更重要的是给予我们的友谊。设空处引导主语从句,同时作从句的主语,意为“的事物”,故填 what。7.offere
36、d考查过去分词。friendship 与 offer 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 friendship。8.an考查冠词。此处指传统食物就是你可以在一堆明火上烹饪的东西。此处表示泛指,open 以元音音素开头,故填 an。9.dishes考查名词单复数。此处指在每个地方我们都品尝了当地的美食。dish为可数名词,此处表示的是复数含义,故用其复数形式。10.kindness考查名词。此处指通过食物,各地的中国人都表现出友谊和善良。由空格前的 and 及 friendship 可以判断,此处应该用名词。能力提升练.A本文是一篇应用文。 文章主要就连锁快餐店引进植物性肉制
37、品问题展示了来自不同国家的四个人的不同观点。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段 Linda 的观点的第四句“It is not as healthy asvegetables.”可知,Linda 认为植物性肉制品不如蔬菜健康。故选 A。2.C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Start with a huge cutdown on meat.”及接下来提到猪是很聪明的动物可知,Taikor 建议人们少吃猪肉;根据最后一段最后一句“If one has to cut down on meat, it seems that red meat is the first thing to beminimized
38、 since its not as good for you as other types.”可知,Sockmonkey 建议人们少吃红肉。即这两个人建议人们少吃肉,故选 C。(注:red meat 指生时呈红色的肉类,如猪肉、牛肉、羊肉。)3.B推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,本文主要就连锁快餐店引进植物性肉制品问题展示了一些人的观点,所以本文的目的是向我们展示关于吃肉的不同观点。故选B。 A项“为了介绍吃太多肉的危害”,虽然在Terryfoy的观点中提到,Too muchmeat and we get fat,但它仅是一个观点,不是整篇文章的目的;C 项“为了告诉我们均衡饮食的好处”,这也
39、是作为其中某些人的观点在第二、 三段中提到,但其他段没有涉及,也不是整篇文章的目的;D 项“为了说明保护环境的必要性”在第一段中提到,它是引进植物性肉制品的一个原因,但不是这篇文章的主要目的。B本文是一篇说明文。大多数西方人不吃鸡爪、鸭头之类的东西,然而,与此同时,西方国家的大多数人认为自己是肉食者。文章分析了这种双重标准背后的原因。4.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But regardless of the importance of foodaround the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to countr
40、y.”可知,不同国家的食物文化有很大的差异,所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化,故选A。B 项提到西方人对食物的喜爱,而前三段主要探究食物文化的差异;文章的前三段并没有把中国的食物文化和西方的食物文化拿来做对比,对比对象发生了偏差,故排除C项;D项提到将注意力吸引到西方人的“去动物化”的肉类,显然也不是前三段的目的。5.A词义猜测题。 根据第六段中的“The animal gradually disappeared from meat”,再根据第七段“As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began tovie
41、w meat as simply a food product, rather than something that came from an animal.”可知,许多西方文化慢慢地开始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品,而不是来自动物的东西,也就是人们对肉的来源并不了解。“ignorance”与“blindness”意思接近,在此处意为“不了解”,故选 A。B 项“恐惧;害怕”;C 项“误解”;D 项“挑战”。6.B细节理解题。根据第五段中的“during the 1960s and 1970s, following theintroduction of highways in the US and
42、 the UK, the popularity of supermarkets inthose countries increased”可知,在 20世纪 60年代和20世纪70 年代,随着公路在美国和英国的引入,超市在这些国家普及开来,以及第六段中的“Thanks to thepopularity and convenience of supermarkets which tended not to sell animal partssuch as the heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to meat soon shifted.”可知,由于
43、很少售卖像头、四肢这样的动物部位的超市的普及和便利,公众对于肉的态度很快发生了变化。所以是超市的兴起改变了人们对肉的态度。故选 B。A 项“用来描述肉的词汇”;C 项“对更健康的生活方式的需求”;D 项“公路的引进”。本题容易误选 D,学生们没有弄明白人们对肉的态度转变是什么造成的,错误认为是因为公路的引进。公路的引进造成的结果是超市的普及,而超市的普及造成人们对肉的态度的改变,这是直接原因。.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本的樱花以及赏花聚会。1.F根据空前句“For the Japanese, sakura hold much cultural and historicalsignific
44、ance that goes deeper than their obvious beauty.”可知,对日本人来说,樱花的文化和历史意义比它们显而易见的美丽更重要。所以,几个世纪以来,这些粉红色的花朵一直激励着诗人、艺术家和士兵。选项 F 中的 centuries 对应空前句中的historical。故选 F。2.G根据上句“Sakura are usually only in full bloom for about one week.”可知,樱花盛开的时间通常只有一周左右。所以,如果你能赶上花期的尾声,你就会看到美丽的盛事。选项 G 中的 the tail end of the bloo
45、ming 对应上句中的 in full bloom forabout one week。故选 G。3.D根据空前句“Each year it posts forecasts of when the blooming will begin ineach region.”和空后句“They also depend heavily on temperature patterns.”可知,每年日本气象厅都会发布各个地区何时开始开花的预测。它们(这些预测)还严重依赖温度模式,所以,这些预测并不只是提前几个月观察天气。 选项D中的predictions和空前的 forecasts 是同义词复现。故选 D。
46、4.C根据空后句“There are a number of celebrations, so youre likely to find ahanami party wherever you go.”并结合本段内容可知,许多人会举办赏花聚会,有许多的庆祝活动可以参加。 选项 C 中的 hanami 与空后句中的 hanami 对应。 故选 C。5.B根据空前句“Some bring home-cooked meals, some have cuisine on the go andothers buy pre-prepared food, such as ham and sausage.”可知,此处表示人们参加庆祝活动时的具体做法,一些人带着家里做的饭菜,一些人忙着做饭,其他人买预先准备好的食物,比如火腿、香肠。选项 B “大多数人会带着啤酒或其他饮料来庆祝这个活动”也是参加庆祝活动的具体做法。故选 B。
