1、选择性必修选择性必修 2 unit 1 welcome to the unit -reading 知识点知识点welcome to the unitThe mass media: 大众传媒Mass: N.1.团，堆，块；团，堆，块；A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain.从山上滚落下来一堆一堆积雪和石块2. 群众，民众；群众，民众；Amass of people人群 (混乱)3. 大量，众多大量，众多 (a mass of =masses of 大量，许多大量，许多)Amass of blonde hair 一头金发Mass: ad
2、j. 大规模的，集中的大规模的，集中的Mass production 大批量生产Mass unemployment 大批失业Professionally: adv. 专业地，内行地；娴熟地，老练地专业地，内行地；娴熟地，老练地Professionally use 娴熟地使用Word family:Professor n. 教授，专家Profession：n. 职业，专业Professional: adj. 职业的，专业的Shape：n. 形状，外形形状，外形The pool is in the shape of a heart. 泳池呈现心形。v. 塑造，使成为形状（或样子）shape the
3、 snow into a ball团雪球Word family:Shaper: n. 塑造者The shaper of the society 社会的塑造者Various types of : 各种各样的各种各样的Word family:Vary: v. 变化，改变Vary in +N. 在不同Vary from to 从到各不相同Variety: n. 多种样式；种类，品种Avariety of = varieties of 各种各样的Awide/ great/ large variety of 多种多样，五花八门的Rely on = depend on 依赖，依靠依赖，依靠Over tim
4、e: 久而久之久而久之Mention： v. 提到，谈及；提到，谈及；Dont mention it! 没关系， 别提了Not to mention不用说，更不用提Language points in Reading1 The two news reports and the article below encourage you to be a critical newsreader. 这两篇新闻报道和下面的文章鼓励你成为一个批判性这两篇新闻报道和下面的文章鼓励你成为一个批判性 的新闻读者的新闻读者。Encourage: v. 鼓励，怂恿；支持，激励鼓励，怂恿；支持，激励Encourage
5、sb in sth 在某事上鼓励某人Encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某Word family:Encouraging adj. 乐观的（反）Discourage v. 阻止，阻拦Encouragement n. 鼓励，激励Critical：adj. 1. 批评的，批判的批评的，批判的With a critical eye 以一个批判性的眼光Be critical about. 对.具有批判性；对挑剔，She is critical about everything. 她对一切都喜欢吹毛求疵。2. 关键的，极为重要的，至关紧要的关键的，极为重要的，至关紧要的Acritic
6、al factor 关键因素Be critical to 对很重要3. 严重的，危险的严重的，危险的In a critical condition处于一个危险的情况之下Word family:Criticize：v. 批评，批判批评，批判He criticized my taking risks. 他批评了我的冒险举动。Critic n. 评论家，批评家评论家，批评家Have you read the article written by that famous critic?你读过那位著名的批评家写的这篇文章吗？Critically adv. 极为重要地极为重要地This is a crit
7、ically important meeting. 这是个至关重要的会议Put out: 1. 熄灭熄灭 put out the fire 灭火2. 伸出伸出 put out your hand 伸出你的手3出版出版 put out a lot of good works 出版很多佳作4. 发出发出put out a warning 发出警报Tower block: 高层建筑，塔式大楼高层建筑，塔式大楼2 The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through thetower bl
8、ock on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座高层大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座高层大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面Sb. be thought to have done: 人们认为某人已经做了某事了（动作发生在过去，且已结束）Sb. be thought to be doing: 人们认为某人正在某事 （当前动作正在发生）Sb. be thought to do: 人们认为某人做某事（描述经常发生的事，过描述时间目前的
9、在状态）（相似表达：（相似表达：be said/be supposed/be believed/be known/ be reported.+ to have done/do/bedoing= it is thought/said/ supposed/ believed/ known/ reported +that 据据）Leave sth/sb +动词过去分词：动词过去分词：1.表示 Leave 后宾语所处的状态 2，宾语与其后的分词构成被动关系The fire left dozens of people trapped in the restaurant. （人“被困”，被动）大火将几十个
10、人困于饭店内。The news left us astonished. （状态）消息使我们很吃惊。Leave sth/sb +动词现在分词：动词现在分词：1.表示 Leave 后宾语的动作正在进行2，宾语与其后的分词构成主动关系E.g.Dont leave her waiting outside. （人主动“等”， “等”动作一直进行）不要让她一直在外面等着了。trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住；绊住；设圈套使落入险境；卡住；绊住；设圈套be trapped in 困在中；陷入中trap sb. into（doing）sth. 诱使某人做某事；Hunters trapped the bear.
11、 猎手们用陷阱捕捉那只熊They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在着火的旅馆里。She was trapped into making some promises. 她被哄骗着做出一些承诺。n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境；牢笼陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境；牢笼lay/set a trap（for sb.） （给某人）设下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套The police lay/set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设下设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套圈套。Finally, the thief fell/walk
12、ed into the trap of the policeman.最终，小偷落进了警察的圈套。3 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5，according to figures released byemergency services. 根据应急服务机构发布的数据根据应急服务机构发布的数据，人们越来越担心死亡人数会达到人们越来越担心死亡人数会达到 5 人人。release vt.1.发布；发布；release the news to the public 向公众公布这一消息公布这一消息2.释放；释放；release.to. 把
13、把释放到释放到Pollutants are constantly being released into the air.污染物质正在不断地被排放排放到大气中去。3.松开；松开；Release the dog. 把狗放开放开4.解除，解脱解除，解脱 （release.from. 把把从从解脱出来解脱出来）The nurse is released from the work at seven oclock.这位护士 7 点钟下班。n.1. 释放；释放；The prisoner was questioned before his release.囚犯被释放之前受到了审问。2.解除；解除；This
14、 medicine will give you release from pain.这药会解除你的疼痛。3.新电影上映新电影上映On this show they played the latest release.这次公演，他们放映了最新的影片。4 By this time，there had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation undercontrol around 11 p.m. 截至此时截至此时，火势已蔓延到十六楼火势已蔓延到十六楼。消防员在晚上消防员在晚上 11 点左右控制住了点左右控制住了局面。局面。
15、By this time 截至此时截至此时 （与完成态一起使用，具体是现在完成时还是过去完成时要看整体（与完成态一起使用，具体是现在完成时还是过去完成时要看整体句子的时态句子的时态 ）Extend：vi. & vt.1.延伸（距离延伸（距离） ；extend into 扩大或延长到扩大或延长到extend over 延续；遍布延续；遍布They extended the road for three more miles.他们把那条路又延长了三英里多2.扩大；扩大；China has greatly extended its influence in the world。在世界上，中国的影响已
16、大大地扩大了。3.延长；延长；The pupils disliked to extend the term.小学生们不愿延长学期。4.伸展伸展His leg was now capable of fully extending.他的腿现在能够伸展自如了。Word family:extension n. 延长；伸展；延期His leg was now capable of full extension.他的腿现在能够伸展自如了。Extended: adj. 延伸的；扩大的；广大的延伸的；扩大的；广大的An extended lunch hour 延长了的午餐时间Extended reading
17、扩展阅读Extended release 缓释Get sb/sth under control 使某人使某人/某物处于控制之中某物处于控制之中 （Out of control 失去控制失去控制 （反（反） ）5 There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followedthe safety rules. 有人担心建造该公寓大楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。有人担心建造该公寓大楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。construction n.1.建筑，建造建筑，建造； （un
18、der construction 在建造中；正在施工之中）在建造中；正在施工之中）The new airport is still under construction.新机场仍在修建中修建中。2.建造物建造物The building is a fantastic modern construction.那个建筑是一座奇特的现代建筑现代建筑。Word family:construct vt. 建造，建筑建造，建筑This factory was constructed by our company.这家工厂是由我们公司建设建设的。constructive adj. 建设性的；积极的建设性的；积
19、极的）I think you will propose something constructive.我认为你会有什么建设性的建设性的建议。Constructor：n. （尤指汽车或飞机的）制造者，建造者（尤指汽车或飞机的）制造者，建造者6 The fire has also left dozens of people injured，5 of whom are in a critical condition. 大火大火还造成很多人受伤，其中还造成很多人受伤，其中 5 人伤势严重。人伤势严重。dozen n. 许多； （一）打，十二个；十来个（用法用法：dozen 由 a，a few，some
20、，many，several 及具体数字修饰时，dozen 用单数，后接可数名词复数。当 dozen 后加 “s”时，其后需要加 of, dozens of 表示“许多”。 ）E.g.A dozen 一打Two dozen 两打Dozens of people 几十人by the dozen 论打，按打she brought eggs by the dozen. 她成打地买鸡蛋。7 I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正要洗澡我正要洗澡，这时听到人们在尖叫，狗在吠叫。这时听到人们在
21、尖叫，狗在吠叫。be about to do. When =at the point of doing when =be doing. when =no sooner than=hardly/scarcely/ rarelywhen “刚刚.就就., 一一就就.” （when 后接一般过去时）后接一般过去时）（no sooner than =hardly/scarcely/ rarelywhen 引导时要用部分倒装）引导时要用部分倒装）scream: vi. & vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音1. scream
22、 at sb 向向大声叫喊大声叫喊He screamed at the children for making noise.他因孩子们发出吵闹声而朝他们大叫大嚷2. scream for sth 为了为了尖声地叫喊尖声地叫喊She screamed for help when she saw the robber.她看到强盗时，尖声地叫喊救命3. scream with sth 因因而大喊大叫而大喊大叫She fell down screaming with terror.她惊恐地摔了下去。8 I looked outside and the smoke was choking me. 我往外
23、一看，烟呛得我透不过气来。我往外一看，烟呛得我透不过气来。Choke: vt. & vi. （使）窒息（使）窒息； （使）哽咽（使）哽咽， （尤指感情激动而）说不出话（尤指感情激动而）说不出话1.choke back 抑制抑制When she learned the sad news，she found it hard to choke back her tears.当她得知那个悲痛的消息时，泪水止止不住住地夺眶而出2.choke off 劝阻，阻止劝阻，阻止She kept talking and nobody could choke her off.她说个不停，没人能阻止阻止她。3.cho
24、ke to death 噎死；窒息而死噎死；窒息而死The girl choked to death after breathing in smoke.那个女孩吸入烟雾后窒息而亡窒息而亡。4.choke up（因感情激动而）哽咽；堵塞（因感情激动而）哽咽；堵塞When she heard the exciting news，she choked up and couldnt utter a word.当听说那个令人激动的消息时，她感到喉咙里哽住哽住了，一句话也说不出来。5.be choked with 被被堵塞堵塞She choked with emotion.她激动得说不出话来激动得说不出话
25、来。Cigarette end: 烟头9 . the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. 自自动火灾警报没有及时响起，未能阻止这场灾难的动火灾警报没有及时响起，未能阻止这场灾难的 发生。发生。automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的，不假思索的The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving.道路交通法的修改将允许全自动驾驶。全自动驾驶。For most of us breathi
26、ng is automatic.我们大多数人的呼吸都是无意识的是无意识的。Aboy who has good manners stands up in an automatic movement when a lady enters the room.当一位女士走进房间时，一个有礼貌的男孩会不假思索地站起来不假思索地站起来。Word family:automatically adv. 自动地；机械地The supermarket doors shut automatically.这个超级市场的门是自动关的。10A team is currently investigating the acci
27、dent further.一个小组现正在对事故进行进一步调查一个小组现正在对事故进行进一步调查investigate vt. & vi. 侦查，调查；研究The police are investigating the murder.警察正在调查调查这件谋杀案。Lets investigate the grammar of Chinese.让我们研究研究一下汉语的语法Word family:investigation n. 调查The accident is under investigation.这一事故正在调查之中在调查之中。investigator n. 调查者；研究者The inves
28、tigators will be divided into three groups.调查人员调查人员将被分成三组。investigative adj. 调查的，研究的investigative report 调查报告11 How do these differences come about? 这些差异是如何产生的呢？这些差异是如何产生的呢？come about 发生，产生 （一般和（一般和 how 连用）连用）How does these differences come about?这些不同时如何产生的?Word family:come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现come alon
29、g（with） （和）一起去come to 总计为；达到地步；苏醒come out 出现；出版；开花come up 走近；上升；发芽；被提出come up with 提出；想出；赶上when it comes to. 一谈到；就而论（to 是介词）12 It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities，which wouldinfluence how they report an event.最好记住，最好记住， 记者可能有不同的优先事项，这将影响他们记者可能有不同的优先事项，这将影响他们如何报
30、道一个事件。如何报道一个事件。it is + adj +to do +that (it 为形式主语，为形式主语，to do 后面引导的成分是句子真正的主语后面引导的成分是句子真正的主语)journal N. journalism N. journalist N.journal: 日记，杂志a travel journal 旅行日记journalism：新闻业，新闻工作her major is journalism. 她的专业是新闻专业。Journalist：新闻记者，新闻工作者She wants to be a journalist in the future.她未来想成为一名记者。The j
31、ournalist kept a journal of what he had experienced in that country.这位记者记录下了他在那个国家经历的一切。priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点a top priority 最优先考虑的事最优先考虑的事give priority to 给给以优先权以优先权The development of the national economy is a top priority.发展国家经济是应优先考虑的事。Women are more likely to give priority to child care an
32、d education policies.女性更有可能优先考虑儿童保育和教育政策。Word family:prior adj. 优先的；在前的；更重要的be prior to 在在之前之前It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.栽种之前给土壤施肥很重要。This task is prior to all the others.这项任务比所有其他任务都重要。13 . they may contradict each other in terms of factual details，as events in the real wo
33、rldare usually complicated and constantly changing. 它们也可能在事实细节上相互矛盾，它们也可能在事实细节上相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的和不断变化的。因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的和不断变化的。In terms of :在在方面，就方面，就而言而言contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳， （及物动词，其后直接加宾语，不用介词）The two statements contradict each other.两种说法相矛盾。（contradict sb 与某人顶嘴，反驳某人）与某人顶嘴，反驳某人）She doesnt l
34、ike to contradict her husband in public.她不愿在众人面前反驳她丈夫。Word family:contradiction n. 矛盾；反驳；不一致矛盾；反驳；不一致in contradiction to 同同相矛盾相矛盾admit of no contradiction 不容反驳不容反驳Your attitude is in contradiction to your character.你的态度和你的性格相反contradictory adj. 矛盾的矛盾的be contradictory to 与与相矛盾相矛盾self-contradictory 自相
35、矛盾的自相矛盾的The prisoners statement is contradictory to the one he made earlier.那个囚犯的供词与他早些时候说的相矛盾。factual adj. 事实的，真实的Youd better give us as much factual evidence as possible.你最好尽可能多地向我们提供事实证据。Word family:factually adv. 真实地，确实地She told me the story simply and factually.她简单如实地给我讲了那个故事。fact n. 事实，真相；实际）I
36、 can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事实的真相。In fact，light is a form of energy. 其实，光是能的一种形式。14 For instance，the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the HendersonTower fire. 例如，在亨德森楼火灾的两篇新闻报道中，死亡人数有所不同。例如，在亨德森楼火灾的两篇新闻报道中，死亡人数有所不同。instance n. 例子，事例for instance 例如，比如例如，比如What would yo
37、u do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing?比如说比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？in this instance 在此情况下在此情况下In this instance ， the best solution is to send a quick, apology to explain yourawkwardness.在这种情况下在这种情况下，最好的解决办法是迅速道歉, 解释你的尴尬。in the first instance 首先，最初首先，最初In the first instance your child
38、 will be seen by an ear, nose and throat specialist.首先首先，你的孩子要去看耳鼻喉科专家。give an instance of 举例说明举例说明Can you give an instance of the boys ability?你能举例说明举例说明那个男孩的才能吗？differ vi. 相异；意见相左（相异；意见相左（ = disagree）Aand B differ from each other（= Adiffers from B）A 不同于不同于 Bdiffer in 在在方面不同方面不同French differs from
39、English in this respect.（ = French and English differ in thisrespect.）在这方面法语不同于英语。differ with sb. on/about/over sth. 在某事上与某人持不同看法在某事上与某人持不同看法I must differ with your opinion about the matter.在这件事上，我不能同意你的意见。Word family:different adj. 不同的be different from/to 与与不同不同This visit is very different from/to
40、last time.这次访问与上一次大不相同。differently adv. 不同地Boys and girls may behave differently.男孩和女孩的表现可能不同。difference n. 不同点，差别make a difference 有影响，有作用有影响，有作用make all the difference 大不相同大不相同make a difference to our everyday life 对我们每天的生活有影响对我们每天的生活有影响I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had
41、 no idea how to do that.我想以某种方式在世界上有所作为，但我不知道该怎么做。15 When we come across such factual differences，we should not rush to the conclusion thatone of the news reports gives false information. 当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应该急当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应该急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误的信息。于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误的信息。conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；
42、签订，达成come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论得出结论They drew different conclusions from the facts.他们根据这些事实得出了不同的结论。jump to conclusions/the conclusion 匆忙下结论，贸然断定匆忙下结论，贸然断定We should not jump to conclusions. Lets investigate first.我们不应该急于下结论。咱们先调查。in conclusion 最后最后In conclusion，I would like to say how much
43、I have enjoyed myself.最后，我想说说我过得有多么愉快。bring.to a conclusion 使使结束结束We hope that the matter can be brought to a satisfactory conclusion.我们希望这件事能有一个满意的结果。Word family:conclude v. 推断出；结束What do you conclude from the facts?从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？The film concludes with the heroines death.影片以女主人公之死结束。16 News repor
44、ts written at different stages of an event could contain different information asnew facts are brought to light. 随着新的事实被披露，在同一个事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻随着新的事实被披露，在同一个事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。报道可能包含不同的信息。bring sth. to light 揭露，披露These facts have only just been brought to light.这些事实刚刚才被披露出来。Word family:bring about
45、导致；引起bring back 带回来；使记起；bring in 介绍；带进；引入；bring up 提出；教养；养育；17 Journalists may choose to present the minimum，the maximum or something in betweenin their news reports. 记者在他们的新闻报道中就可能选择最小值记者在他们的新闻报道中就可能选择最小值、最大值或介于二者之间最大值或介于二者之间的数值。的数值。minimum n. 最小值，最少量 adj. 最低的，最小的(反义词：maximum n. 最大量，最大限度 adj. 最高的，最
46、多的）at the minimum of. 以最低的以最低的.It takes 15 minutes at a minimum to get a natural gas plant moving.让一个天然气工厂运转至少需要 15 分钟。a minimum of 至少；最少的至少；最少的Repairing your car will cost a minimum of 100 dollars.修理你的汽车最少最少要花费 100 美元。keep.to a minimum 把把保持在最低限度保持在最低限度And when I did，I tried to keep it to a minimum.
47、当我这么做的时候，我尽量把它保持在最小量保持在最小量reduce/keep.to a minimum 把把减少到减少到/ 保持在最低限度保持在最低限度I hope we can reduce injuries to a minimum by making full preparations.我希望我们做足充分准备将伤害降到最低。18 To sum up，it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and atdifferent stages，which brings us a more accurate u
48、nderstanding of a situation. 综上所述，综上所述，阅读从不同的角度和不同的阶段撰写的新闻报道是明智的阅读从不同的角度和不同的阶段撰写的新闻报道是明智的， 这会让我们对形势有更准确的理这会让我们对形势有更准确的理解。解。sum vt. 总结，概括 n. 金额，款项；总和，总数；全部sum up 总结，概括总结，概括We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.我们可以用三句话来概括本课要点。to sum up 总而言之总而言之To sum up，there are three main so
49、lutions to this puzzle.总之，该问题有三种主要解决方案a sum of money 一笔钱一笔钱She got a sum of money after her father passed away.在她父亲去世之后她得到了一笔钱。accurate adj. 正确无误的；精确的正确无误的；精确的be accurate in 在在方面是准确的方面是准确的She is always accurate in her use of language.她使用语言总是很准确Word family:accurately adv. 精确地，准确地He hit the golf ball
50、powerfully and accurately.他有力而准确地击中了那个高尔夫球。accuracy n. 精确度， 准确性with accuracy 精确地精确地She hits the ball with great accuracy.她击球十分准确19 Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth，it is better to use our ownjudgement than rely entirely on news reports. 尽管记者致力于呈现真相尽管记者致力于呈现真相， 我们最好还是运用我们最好还是运
