1、常出现在免疫严重抑制的病例。n第三,结核杆菌细胞壁的阿拉伯甘露糖是HIV复制的诱导剂,n第四,结核杆菌和纯蛋白衍生物可诱导单核细胞内HIVRNA表达增强。晚期HIV肺TB胸片表现与非HIV者显著不同:下叶、中叶、间质及粟粒样浸润多见,空洞少见胸腔内淋巴结肿大多见,而纵隔淋巴结肿大多于肺门淋巴结胸片正常者也可见痰涂片抗酸阳性或痰培养阳性者,尤其见于颈部淋巴结肿大者9免疫缺陷越严重,肺外表现越多见,如淋巴结结核、胸膜炎、心包炎、脑膜炎,均可无肺TB,尤其见于CD4200者。此类TB播散患者可有高热,快速进展,脓毒症表现。病理表现因免疫缺陷程度而表现各异。相对免疫健全者可见典型TB肉芽肿,免疫缺陷者
2、难以形成肉芽肿。10 结核发生的类型(部位)SiteHIV positive (%)HIV negative (%)肺肺外两者胸膜心包淋巴结4034263115197216121933J Trop Med Hygiene 1993;96:1-11抗结核一线药物20抗结核二线药物21Effect of rifamycins on serum concentrations (AUC) of protease inhibitorsRifabutinRifampinPISaquinavirRitonavirIndinavirNelfinavirAmprenavirLopinavir/ritonavir
3、Atazanavir 46%NR 24% 0-23% 14%No effectNo effect 80% 35% 90% 82% 81% 75%not doneEffect of protease inhibitors on serum concentrations (AUC) of rifamycins RifabutinRifampinPISaquinavirRitonavirIndinavirNelfinavirAmprenavirLopinavir/ritonavirAtazanavir 45% 400% 270% 200% 400% 300% 250%NRunchangedNRNRNRNRNREffect of rifamycins on serum concentrations (AUC) of NNRTIsNNRTIRifabutinRifampinNevirapine 16% 37%Delavirdine 80% 96%Efavirenzunchanged 13%