1、高级英语（第三版）第一册第四课 The Trail That Rocked the WorldTeaching objectivesnTo acquaint students with the following background knowledge - Bible and fundamentalism - Religion in modern USA - Jury system in USA - Darwin and his evolution theory2) To acquaint students with the Monkey Trail event3) To help stud
2、ents to appreciate the writers style and abundant use of figure of speech. Certain legal terms Civil law Criminal law State courts vs. Federal courts The jury trial/ Grand jury Verdict Sentencing Witness/testify Charge Cross examination Objection adjournStructure of the textStructure of the textPart
3、 I(1-9) IntroductionPart II(10-44) The TrialPart III(45-48) The Post-Trial HappeningsPart I(1-9) IntroductionPart I(1-9) IntroductionPp(1-2) OpeningPp(1-2) OpeningSceneScenePp(3-9) FlashbackPp(3-9) FlashbackPara Para 1 1 A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that swe
4、ltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamental movement th
5、at had brought about the trial. buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper/ a long continuous sound e.g. Mosquitoes buzzed around me all night. A buzz of excitement filled the courtroom as the defendant was led in.sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness to swelter: be very uncomfortable b
6、ecause the weather is extremely hot. e.g. Fred sweltered at night in the stuffy, crowded dormitory.silver-tongued: (lit.) able to give fine persuading speeches, eloquent, idiom: be born with a silver spoon in ones mouthnominee: a person who has been named officially for election to a position, offic
7、e, honor, etc. Nominate (v.) a Nobel Prize nominee / a presidential nominee on hand: present, available. e.g. All his old friends will be on hand to see Jack receive the medal of honor.Always have your dictionary on hand when you study.at hand: near in time or place e.g. I want you to be at hand dur
8、ing my interview with the boss of the company. The post office is close at hand. on (ones) hands / upon (ones) hands: In ones possession, often as an imposed responsibility or burden: 由某人负责由某人负责 e.g. Now they have the grandchildren on their hands. Sorry, I cannot help you at the moment. I have sever
9、al cases on hand myself. out of hand: Out of control: 失去控制：失去控制： e.g. The situation has gotten out of hand. reassure vs. assure reassure: comfort and make free from fear, stop worrying often by saying sth. kind or friendly 使人安心，使人安心， 宽慰宽慰e.g. She just reassured me that everything was fine.I feel muc
10、h more reassured when Ive had a health check.It was reassuring to hear Johns familiar voice.She gave me some reassuring news. assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; emphasize the truth of what one is saying. 使人确信使人确信 e.g. The captain assured the passengers that there was no danger. I can
11、assure you, I assure you, let me assure you I can assure you that your son is well taken care of now. I am more assured in our wining the game than ever before. If he fails to win here, he will most assuredly lose the White House. Our victory is assured Para Para 3-93-9 The case had erupted round my
12、 head not long after (synecdoche) A clash had been built up between the fundamentalists and the modernists.erupt: burst forth or out，as from some restraint emerge suddenly and violentlye.g. Enough lava had erupted from the volcano to bury the entire village. A fight between the opposing teams erupte
13、d during the game. Laughter/ anger erupted from the audience.Build up: set up/ develop; strengthen; accumulate; increase gradually; make known by advertising;e.g. They are building up a new, free, healthy peoples culture of science and art. They have built up a good reputation. Exercise builds up th
14、e muscles. We must build up a reserve fund to meet emergencies. We first have to build up our reserves of manpower. Tension is building up between the two negotiating parties. The noise built up until Mary could not stand it any longer. Dont build me up too much. I may disappoint you. The movie comp
15、any spent much money building up its new movie. The press gave him a tremendous build-up. There was a substantial buildup of foreign exchange reserves. A build-up of enemy forces has been reported. When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one
16、 of the most famous trials in U.S. history. (metaphor) indict: sb. for a crime: to charge them with it officially e.g. Five men were caught at the scene and indicted. cf: accuse, charge, prosecute, blameOne accuses sb. of cheating.One charges sb. with cheating. One blames sb. for the failuresnowball
17、: to increase in scalee.g. Opposition to the war snowballed. Support for the new policy is snowballing. Part II. Paras 10-44: the trialParas 10-44: the trial Paras 10-15: Paras 10-15: the first day of the trialthe first day of the trial Paras 16-25:Paras 16-25: the second day of the trial the second
18、 day of the trial Paras 26-28:Paras 26-28: outside the court while adjourning outside the court while adjourning Paras 29-44: Paras 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trialthe climax and verdict of the trialParaPara1010 By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1500 people had taken on a
19、 circus atmosphere. The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists set up t e n t s t o e x h o r t t h e passersby, arrived to cheer
20、Bryan against the “infidel outsiders.” Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.W h a t c a n y o u t e l l f r o m t h e atmosphere?sprout : to grow or come out, appear and sp
21、read rapidly e.g. Buds sprout in spring. Leaves begin sprouting from trees. Stores have sprouted up near the new factories. Bean sprouts are very healthy to eat. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break, esp. structure or furniture not very strong or well made.rickety old man / stairs / cartRicke
22、ts: a disease that children can get when their food does not contain enough Vitamin D. It makes their bones soft. exhort: urge earnestly by advice, warning, etc. 规劝，劝诫规劝，劝诫 e.g. Kennedy exhorted his listeners to turn away from violence. exhortations n. Compare the two parties of the trialCompare the
23、 two parties of the trialThe counsel for John Scopes defence:Educational background/ Religious background/Racial background:Clarence Darrow: the famous criminal lawyer, well prepared and quite sure of himself (L.13); shrewd, 68-year-old (L.58); an agnosticDudley Field Malone: handsome and magnetic;
24、a Catholic (L.61) Arthur Garfield Hays: quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law; a JewOthers A dozen distinguished professors and scientists led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University ready to testify on John Scopes behalf. But the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify
25、for the defence.The counsel for the prosecution:Educational background/ Religious background/Racial background:William Jennings Bryan: the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the U.S., leader of the fundamentalist movement; ageing, paunchy Tom Stewart: Bryans son,
26、a lawyer, Tennessees brilliant young attorney-generalOther characters:John Raulston: the presiding judge, a florid-faced man who announced : “Im jist a reglar mountaineer jedge.” Butler: A 49-year-old farmer, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law, before his election had never been out of his nati
27、ve county.12 Jurors: 3 had never read any book except the Bible. One couldnt read.ParaPara13-1513-15 Darrows Speech “My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes know what he is herefor,” Darrow drawled. “I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant,
28、and it is a mighty strong combination.” Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. “Today it is the teachers,” hecontinued,” and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, itis the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marchingbackwards to the glori
29、ous age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted fagots toburn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture tothe human mind.” “That damned infidel,” a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address. What was Darrows point? What was the audiences response?bigotper
30、son who holds strong beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who disagrees. Bigotry (behavior or attitude of a bigot)fagotbundle of sticks, twigs, or branches (esp. for the use of fuel) ( irony; irony; irony; assonance; oxymoron)Para Para 18-2018-20 Bryans SpeechBryans Speech “The Christia
31、n believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.” The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. Inone hand he brandished a biology text as he denouncedthe scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for thedefence. “The Bible,” he thundered i
32、n his sonorous organ tones, “is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as part of a divine plan.Para Para 21-2321-23 A
33、s he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applause and shouts of “Amen”. Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infi
34、dels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have.What is the spectators response?Dudley Field Malones speechDudley Field Malones speech “Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the bible,” he observed. “There are other people in this country who have given up their whol
35、e lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given most of his life to politics. ”Bryan sipped from a jug of water as Malones voice grew in volume. He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and rel
36、igion.“There is never a duel with the truth,” he roared. “The truth always wins and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it!”When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court burst into a storm o
37、f applause that surpassed that for Bryan. But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the scientists testify for the defence.rampant: widespread and impossible to controlA city of rampant violence 暴力活动失去控制的城暴力活动失去控制的城市市Rich soil makes some plants to
38、o rampant.Mosquitoes are rampant in the dormitory.enlighten: cause to understand, free from ignorance or false beliefs, give more knowledge. 启蒙，启发启蒙，启发e.g. the age of Enlightenment in the 18th century 启蒙启蒙 时代时代 Peter thought that the world was flat until I enlightened him. 在我开导他之前，在我开导他之前，Peter认为地球是
39、平的。认为地球是平的。 reconcilewith: 1) settle (a quarrel), become friendly again after a quarrel or disagreement 使和解使和解, e.g. He never believed that he and Susan would be reconciled. My attempt to reconcile him with Toby failed. 2) reconcile oneself to an unpleasant situation: to accept it although it does n
40、ot make you happy to do so. 使甘心于使甘心于, 使能适应使能适应 e.g. She had reconciled herself to never seeing him again. He couldnt easily be reconciled to the prospect of a falling income. 3) to reconcile two beliefs, facts, or demands: try to find a way in which both can be true or fulfilled. e.g. Its difficult
41、to reconcile the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father. 4) to make compatible with 使一致使一致 The two sets of figures cant be reconciled. It is difficult to reconcile peoples statements with their actions.The friends managed to bring about a reconciliation between the couples.He informed
42、his rival that he wished reconciliation.Gone was the fierce fervour 童年时期那无忧无虑的日子一去不复返了童年时期那无忧无虑的日子一去不复返了. Gone are the care-free days of our childhood. 他一呼百应的美好时光一去不复返了他一呼百应的美好时光一去不复返了. Gone is the good time when everybody was at his command.fevour: passion, zeal, enthusiasm, intense heat speak with
43、 great fervour fervent: showing strong and warm feelings, hot, passionate a fervent love / hatred a fervent lover / admirer (痴心的倾慕者）痴心的倾慕者）scorch: to burn , discolor, damage the surface of sth by superficial burning(烧焦烧焦). The hot iron scorched the tablecloth.The meat was black and scorched on the o
44、utside but still raw inside.The hot weather scorched the grass. (使枯萎使枯萎)Scorching heat; Scorching hot;Para 26-28Para 26-28 Outside the court while adjourningOutside the court while adjourning When the court adjourned, we found Daytons streets swarming with strangers. Hawkers cried their wares on eve
45、ry corner. One shop announced : DARWIN IS RIGHT INSIDE. (This was J.R.Darwins Everything to Wear Store.) One entrepreneur rented a shop window to display an ape. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.“The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes,”
46、a reporter noted, “afraid it might be true.”H.L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels. Twenty-two telegraphists were sending out 165000 words a day on the trial
47、.What was the tone in these paragraphs?What was the atmosphere like at this time?1)What was the apes response? What is your interpretation?Paras 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trialParas 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trial(para 31) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan
48、like a sward to repel his enemies.(para 32) Under Darrows quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent “Amens”.(para 35) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful. D
49、arrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning.(para 39) The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and the fan in his hand shook in anger.(para 40) “Your honour,” he said. “I will answer all Mr. Darrows questions at once. I want the world to know that this man who does no
50、t believe in God is using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him” (para 42) The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbub and adjourned court until next day.(para 43) Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrows hand. stride: quick, lo
