1、Unit 2 The United Kingdom-GrammarI.I.基本形式和意义基本形式和意义动词的动词的- -eded形式，即传统语法所指的形式，即传统语法所指的“过去过去分词分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的词的- -eded形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的- -eded形式和宾语或状语一起构成形式和宾语或状语一起构成- -eded分词短语分词短语. .动动词词- -eded形式的基本形式是形式的基本形式是“动词动词+-+-ed”ed”，但但也有不规则
2、的形式。也有不规则的形式。II.II.动词动词- -eded形式在句法功能形式在句法功能1. 作表语作表语1.1 动词动词-ed形式形式表语时，其作用相当于表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说说明的是主语的状态。明的是主语的状态。All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared satisfied with my work.（1 1） 完全形容化了的完全形容化了的动词动词-ed形式形式：可以被可以被veryvery等等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有副词修饰，可以有比较级
3、等级形式。常见的有常见常见的有：的有：bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。等。（2）有的）有的动词动词-ed形式形式可以被副词可以被副词well修饰，如：修饰，如：built, cooked, d
4、one, dressed, known, organized, prepared, written等。等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰）其它副词也可以修饰动词动词-ed形式形式 ，如：，如：deeply moved, highly developed, heavily-populated等。等。1.21.2动词动词-ed形式形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及语、不定式短语及that that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 He is very much disappointed at the result. The mother was pleased to
5、hear from her son. Im satisfied that you didnt tell me a lie.1.3 “be+动词动词-ed形式形式” 有可能是一个系表结有可能是一个系表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。构，也有可能是一个被动结构。Why is the glass broken?By whom was the glass broken?(系表结构）系表结构）(被动结构被动结构)It is covered with thick ice and deep snow.Your table should be covered by a white cloth.(系表结构）系表结
6、构）(被动结构被动结构)1.4 动词的动词的-ed形式与形式与-ing 形式作表语的区别形式作表语的区别Traveling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。They were very excited at the news听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。凡表示主语凡表示主语“令人令人的的”都用都用-ing 形式形式，凡是表，凡是表示主语示主语“感到感到”时都用时都用- -eded形式。形式。Multiple choice:1.As we joined the big crowd ,I g
7、ot _ from my friends. Separate B. spared C. lost D. missed2. The business of on-line shopping so far has been _ for the sellers who are already offering their services. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. disappoint D. to be disappointed 3.-Shall we go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _. A. chang
8、ed B. to change C. to be changed D. changingBAA2 2. . 作定语作定语2.1. 2.1. 单个单个动词动词-ed形式形式作定语作定语, , 通常位于名词之前通常位于名词之前a. 及物动词的及物动词的动词动词- -eded形式形式，具有被动和完成的意义。，具有被动和完成的意义。a broken cup a wounded soldieran unexpected visitor the excited crowd b. 不及物动词的不及物动词的动词动词- -eded形式形式，具有主动和完成意义。，具有主动和完成意义。a grown woman a
9、 retired officerthe risen sun fallen leavesc. 合成的合成的动词动词- -eded形式形式a much-needed reform widely-held opinions2.2.动词动词-ed形式的短语形式的短语作定语：通常位于名词之后作定语：通常位于名词之后,其作用其作用相当于定语从句。相当于定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe tree reflected in the lakethe machines produced last year= a letter which was written in penci
10、l= the tree that was reflected in the lake= the machines which were produced last year2.3 动词的动词的-ed形式与形式与-ing形式作定语的区别形式作定语的区别动词的动词的-ing形式表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作形式表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等；或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等；动词的动词的-ed形式表示与形式表示与所修饰的名词相关的所修饰的名词相关的已完成已完成的动作或被动关系。的动作或被动关系。 the changing worldthe changed
11、 worldboiling waterboiled water（a developing countrya developed countryTranslation work :另人恐怖的场景另人恐怖的场景受了惊吓的马受了惊吓的马令人失望的孩子令人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子感到失望的孩子a frightening sighta frightened horsea disappointing childa disappointed childComplete the following sentences:Do you know the man _(跟我们数学老师谈话的）？I lost the p
12、en _(我叔叔买的）。talking to our maths teacherbought by my uncle 3.1. 3.1. 在感观动词在感观动词feel, hear feel, hear 和和see see 之后，如：之后，如：I heard my name called.He felt himself cheated.I saw his eyes fixed on me in curiosity.3. 3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语3.2. 3.2. 在表示在表示“希望，愿望，命令希望，愿望，命令, ,忍受忍受”这一这一类动词后面做宾语补足语，这类动词有：类动词后面做宾语补足语
13、，这类动词有：cant bear, hate, like, love, need, prefer, cant bear, hate, like, love, need, prefer, want, wish want, wish 等，等， 如：如：He needs his coat mended.Kate would like her room painted white.I prefer eggs boiled hard.We wish your work finished quickly.I want the suit made to his own measure.3.3. 在有些表示状
14、态的动词后，这类词有：在有些表示状态的动词后，这类词有：keep, leave, show等，如：等，如：They kept the door locked for a long time.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 3.4. 在使役动词在使役动词have 后，通常有两方面的含义：后，通常有两方面的含义：1)表示表示让某人做某事让某人做某事。I have had my bike repaired.我已经找人修好了自
15、行车。我已经找人修好了自行车。2)表示表示遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击等。等。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen last month. 上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了.3.5.3.5.用用 在在makemake之后，在这种结构中，动词的之后，在这种结构中，动词的- -eded形式的动词形式的动词, ,表示目的或结果。表示目的或结果。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。 They managed to make themselves und
16、erstood . 他们设法使别人明白了他们的意思。 You must made your views known to everybody. 你要向大家说明你的观点。3.6.3.6.动词动词 的的 eded形式与形式与- -ing ing 形式作宾语补足形式作宾语补足语的区别：语的区别：1）在）在see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词后作宾补时，等感官动词后作宾补时，-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为形式表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；动词的部分过程；动词的-ed形式则表示其与宾语之间为被动形式则表示其与宾语之间为被动关系或有该动作已完成的
17、概念。例如：关系或有该动作已完成的概念。例如：We heard her singing this song when we got there. 我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。We often hear this song sung by her. 我们经常听见她唱这首歌。我们经常听见她唱这首歌。(歌是被唱歌是被唱) 2)用在用在have,get,leave等动词后作宾补时，动词的等动词后作宾补时，动词的-ing形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。形式表示被动关系。We tried our best, b
18、ut still couldnt get the machine running. (强调启动，进入工作状态强调启动，进入工作状态) The farmers got the planting done before the rains came. (被动，已完成被动，已完成) 3)用在用在with复合结构中复合结构中, , 动词的动词的-ing形式表形式表示主动关系，动词的示主动关系，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。形式表示被动关系。With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding her house.(主动关系，主
19、动关系，lead为男孩的动作为男孩的动作) With homework done，Jim went out to play football.(被动关系，作业是被做被动关系，作业是被做) Multiple choice: A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ _ in the kitchen. ( NMET 2003) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the
20、 next year. (1999NMET ) Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out3. If you want _ immediately, you have to give us some money in advance. A. that the work be done B. the work done C. to have done the job D. the job that is doneBCB4.1. 作时间状语作时间状语Told of his mothers accident, Jack phoned the
21、 hospital.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.4.2. 作原因状语作原因状语Caught in the rain, he had a fever.4. 4. 作状语作状语Inspired by Oprah Winfery, she became confident.4.3. 作条件状语作条件状语Given more time, Ill be able
22、 to do it better. Cleared, this site would be very valuable.The house will look bigger if painted white.She will gladly come to your house if invited.4.4. 作让步状语作让步状语Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.Though told to stop, he kept on walking.Even if given every opportunity, they would not succeed.4
23、.5. 作方式状语作方式状语I am returning your letter as requested.He was walking sadly as if injured.4.6. 作伴随状语作伴随状语Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks.4.7.动词动词 的的 eded形式与形式与- -ing ing 形式作状语形式作状语的区别：的区别：动词的动词的-ing形式做状语与动词的形式做状语与动词的-ed形式做状语的最主要形式做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主
24、语的主动与被动关系的区别。区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 He went out shutting the door behind him. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.Multiple choice:1. They are going to have the service
25、 man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. fix B. to fix C. to be fixed D. fixed2. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising3. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (NMET2004 湖北湖北) A.Com
26、pare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ABD4. _ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.(2004辽宁辽宁) A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted5._the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （ NMET 2004 广东）广东） A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed6.Our self-respect increased when _by others. A. feeling accepted B. accepted C. we feel accepted D. acceptingBCC
