1、Grammar非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词分词：分词：Participles一一 分词的概述分词的概述1. 分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（现在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（）和过去分词（Past Participle）。）。 2. 现在分词：现在分词：doing 过去分词：过去分词：done3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作作。现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过
2、去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier killed in the war was a doctor.2. 时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country发展中国家发展中国家Developed country 发达国家发达国家 boiling water 正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水 boiled water已经烧开了的水已经烧开了的水 二、分词的作用二、分词的作用1、作定语、作定语 分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修
3、饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。称为后置定语。（1）前置定语）前置定语 Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词
4、，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing. 上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。 坐在坐在John和和Mary之间的那个年轻男人是校园新闻报的编辑。之间的那个年轻男人是校园新闻报的编辑。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：相当于一个定语从句。如： Those who wish to join the club should sign here.(Those w
5、ishing to join this club should sign here.） 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。
6、如：完成，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）（既表示被动也表示完成）the fallen leaves 落下的树叶落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。你所说的真令人鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语、作
7、宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。等词。I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。我们发现小孩睡着了。A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next r
8、oom B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别4、作状语、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) th
9、e bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. When we see from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, theFactory looks beautiful. When they heard the bad news, they couldnt helpcrying.If we w
10、ere given more time, we could do it better. Because I dont know her address, I cant write to her.When I entered the room, I saw a strange sight.After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.When she had heard her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.Because he didnt know where to go, he asked a policeman.After he knew his team had won, he became happy at once . HomeworkGo over the notes you just took. Bye-bye!
