1、非谓语动词非谓语动词Non-predicate Verbs非非谓谓语语不定式（不定式（to do)分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)- Ing形式形式一：构成一：构成-ed形式形式1.谓语动词：谓语动词：2. 非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中在句子中担任谓语担任谓语的动词的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是就是不能作谓语不能作谓语的动词变形）的动词变形）二二 ：谓语动词与非谓语动词：谓语动词与非谓语动词判别判别谓语动词谓语动词及及非谓语动词非谓语动
2、词的方法的方法leavingleft 由此可见，由此可见，连词连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of gr
3、eat importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 非谓语非谓语动词动词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语宾补宾补状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词三三 ：非谓语动词的句法作用：非谓语动词的句法作用 1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表语表语2 We saw some tea
4、chers sitting there. 宾语补足语宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词 4. To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5. I want to see you. 6. I want him to see you. 7. My hope is to see you. 8. He is the man to see you. 9. Im glad to see you. 10. I went to see you. 11. He went s
5、o early as to see you.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）12.Swimming is his favorite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favorite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimmi
6、ng in Summer ,we can get cool.动词不定式动词不定式一一. 动词不定式的基本构成动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成不定式构成主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto have doneto have been done to be doingto have been doing_(see) you again. (read) _ (write) (work) to seeto seeto be readingt
7、o have written二二.三三.1. Tom happened _ (pass) by when they spoke ill of him.2. We all hope _ (become) scientists.3. We all want _ (take) part in the sports meet.4. I happened _ (read) the article when he asked me about it.5. He pretended _ (be) a driver.6. When the father came home, the naughty boy p
8、retended _ (do) his homework. to be passingto becometo taketo have readto beto be doing_ (write) 8. He is said _ (send) to London already.9. She is said _ (meet) a fairy one day.10. Alice is said _ (do) her homework in her own room now.11. I dont expect them _ (wait) for me when I arrived there so l
9、ate.12. These boys are said _ (praise) for doing goods deeds.to have been sentto have metto be doingto be waitingto be praised动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study Engl
10、ish.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补1.作主语作主语 To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ (get )there by bus.句型句型2：Its +
11、n. + to doIts our duty _ (help) the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ (spend ) our holiday in the mountainsto getto helpto spend四四. 动词不定式的句法作用动词不定式的句法作用句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy _
12、me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor _ us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.forforofof常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,prom
13、ise2.作宾语作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等等I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语2). find /feel/think/supposeit+adj.+to do s
14、th.1. 不定式与动名词不定式与动名词无区别无区别 start begin continue注意注意 下列情况中下列情况中begin和和start后须接后须接不定式不定式 主语是物不是人主语是物不是人 Spring came on, and the snow began to melt. begin和和start用于进行时态用于进行时态 Its beginning to snow. 后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：understand, realize, know I began to realize how stupid I was. 后接不定式被动式后
15、接不定式被动式 The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.2. 不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别细微细微 后接后接动名词动名词表示表示经常性的动作经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、，多指一个人的爱好、习惯等，后接习惯等，后接不定式不定式表示表示具体的特定的某一次动作具体的特定的某一次动作 I like _ (swim) in summer. I didnt like _ (swim) that day.swimmingto swimExx.1.The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (
16、talk).2.She tried _ (read), but couldnt make her forget her trouble.3.He forgot even _ (write) to me, so he wrote another one.4.I remember _ (bring) the book to you last week.5.I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice.6. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces.7. Go on _ (do) the o
17、ther exercise after you have finished this one.8. Though it began to rain, they went on _ (get) In the crops on the field.talkingreadingwritingbringingto tellliberatingto dogetting3.作表语作表语注意一致性注意一致性 _(do) two things at a time is to do neither _ (see) is to believe. To do To see主语中含有主语中含有实义动词实义动词do时时
18、,这时不定式这时不定式可省略可省略toAll you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.4 4）作定语：）作定语：sth.须放在所修饰的名词或代词须放在所修饰的名词或代词后后。 I have a meeting to attend.不定式为不定式为vi.时，其后应有必要的介词，如：时，其后应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?to do(动作执行者是主句的主语）动作执行者
19、是主句的主语）to be done (动作执行者不是主句的主语）动作执行者不是主句的主语）I have some clothes to wash./to be washed.一般修饰一般修饰将要去做的事将要去做的事She has a lot of work to do in the morning. There be句型中不定式句型中不定式to do和和to be done都可表都可表被动，可以不区别。被动，可以不区别。There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon. Mr. Smith，I have some questio
20、ns_ (ask).Please give me some books_ (read).Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？to be sentto askto read the first /last /best /only to do（主动式）（主动式）1.Im hungry. Get me something_ (eat).2.He will show you the right path_ (take).3.Those who have questions _ (ask) put up your hand
21、s.4.The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have been here.to eatto take5. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cant go with us.6. We have a composition _ (write).7. He told me about the things_ (discuss) at the next meeting.8. They have paid for the house _(build) next year.to a
22、skto be sentto doto writeto be discussedto be built表目的表目的： in order（not）to do so as (not) to do 不能放在句首不能放在句首 （not )to do He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：要一致：To save money, every means has been tried.To save m
23、oney, he has tried every means.To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 5）作状语：作状语： 表结果表结果：so as to do sth.such as to do sth.adj/adv+ enough to do sth.too to do sth.only to do sth.He hurried to school only to find it was Sunday.To be honest/To tell y
24、ou the truth/To be frankTo speak franklyTo make things worseTo strart/begin withTo be exactTo make a long story short独立成分（单独使用）：独立成分（单独使用）：6）作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：带带to 的动词的动词 sb. to do sth.不带不带to 的动词的动词 sb. do sth.(但改为被动语态但改为被动语态 时，不定式时，不定式要加要加to)一感：一感：feel + sb + do sth.二听二听: hear, listen to三使役三使役: let, ma
25、ke, have五看五看: see, watch, look at, observe, notice半帮助半帮助：help sb. (to )do sth.Eg. Teacher made him do that again and again. He was made to do that again and again.不能用此结构的。不能用此结构的。sb.to do sth. (hope,demand,suggest,agree,refuse,inform,arrange there to be Eg. The headmaster declared there to be a meet
26、ing.一一. 动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done动名词动名词We are interested in _(play) football.He is afraid of _(leave) at home.I am sorry for not _(keep) my promise.The house showed some signs of _(destroy).playingbeing lefthaving kepthaving been destroyed
27、二二.动名词的作用动名词的作用1. 作主语作主语Seeing is believing.Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.=Its impossible to do sth. to do 表示具体的动作表示具体的动作 -ing 表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作3. 作宾语作宾语 S. + vt.+ doing在某些动词后要求用动名词作
28、宾语，不能用不定式，在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：常见的这类动词有：避免错过避免错过 (少) 延期延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成建议完成 (多) 练习练习 suggest / advise finish practise喜欢想象喜欢想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承认承认 否定否定 (与) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱逃脱 冒险冒险 (莫) 原谅原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受忍受 保持保
29、持 (不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S. + v. + prep. + doing主动表被动主动表被动: want need Sth. + require+ doing be worth doing
30、to be done1.Most of them objected to_ (leave) in such a hurry. 2. These men have devoted themselves to _ (train) young man in order to set the worlds record.3. How about Li Ming _ (help) you with the job.4. The mother warned her son against _ (fight) with other boys.5. The squirrel was so lucky that
31、 it just missed _ (catch).6. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.7. While were developing agriculture and industry we must prevent earth _ (pollute). leavingtraininghelpingfightingbeing caught being persuadedbeing polluted动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词
32、的某种动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。一般放在被修饰词的前面。 e.g. a washing machine = a machine which is used for washing a reading room = a room which is used for reading4. 作定语作定语5.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构1).物主代词物主代词 / 名词所有格名词所有格 + 动名词动名词 在句中作主语在句中作主语: _late made her teacher angry. _was a great encouragement to us. _
33、wont be of much help.2).宾格代词宾格代词 / 名词普通格名词普通格+ 动名词动名词 在句中作宾语在句中作宾语: Im sure of _on time. He has never heard of _a pilot. I dont mind_. She hates_. 3). 名词普通格名词普通格+ 动名词动名词 在句中作在句中作主语主语: 物主代词物主代词 + 动名词动名词 在句中作在句中作宾语宾语: Do you mind_? Do you mind _your paper?Marys comingmy smokinghis readingTheir coming
34、to helpRoses goingyoung people (them) smokingJack (him) leavinga woman beinghim comingAnyone smoking here will be fined.1.他杰克没准时到他杰克没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。火车站使得我们大家都很担心。to the station on time made all of us worried.HisJacks not getting2.我杰克现在离开我杰克现在离开你介意吗？你介意吗？Do you mind now?mymeJack leaving3.学生学好了英语学生学
35、好了英语对学习法语有帮助。对学习法语有帮助。 well will help them to learn FrenchThe students knowing English4.我记得我记得汤姆去过汤姆去过那里。那里。I remember thereTom going5.你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。I would appreciate back this afternoonyour calling6.玛丽坚持要我看信。玛丽坚持要我看信。Mary insisted on the lettermy reading _ in an atmosphere
36、of simple living _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The girls being educated D. The girl to be educated Ann never dreams of _ for her to be Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abr
37、oad very soon. sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance CA I dont mind _ the decision as long I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. you de
38、laying to make D. you delay to make I would appreciate _ it a secret. I would appreciate _ it a secret. A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep He insisted on the windows _ open He insisted on the windows _ open while he was sleeping. while he was sleeping. A. left B. b
39、eing left C. leaving D. be left BAB6.The road _ caused us to be 6.The road _ caused us to be for our work for half an hour. for our work for half an hour. A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked 7.The concerned mother was thrilled at 7.The concerned mother was thrilled at the news of
40、his son _ to the news of his son _ to college.college. A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted DC 及及 物物 动动 词词 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 现在分词现在分词一般式一般式 完成式完成式 过去分词过去分词一般式一般式 doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donedone一一 .分词的概述分词的概述分词：分词：Participles现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词
41、的区别：语态上：语态上：现在分词表现在分词表主动主动，过去分词表，过去分词表被动被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.时态上：时态上：现在分词表现在分词表进行进行，过去分词表，过去分词表完成完成developing country, boiling waterdeveloped country, boiled waterThe building _is our library._, the question was solved.As we visite
42、d the village, we saw new houses_._off the radio, he began to go over his lessons._his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.被动式：被动式： 完成式：完成式：being repairedHaving being discussedbeing put upHaving turnedNot having received1、作定语、作定语（1）前置定语）前置定语He is a promising young man. Make less noise.
43、Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语）后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。如：相当于一个定语从句。如：The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 二、分词的作用二、分词的作用The bridge built last month needs repairing. Those who wish to join the club should sign here Thos
44、e wishing to join this club should sign here. The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 2、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, sb. +doing/done have, get 等词等词I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。我
45、看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。我们发现小孩睡着了。A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . a.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别3、作状语、作状语现在分词表现在分词表主动进行主动进行，过去分词表，过去分词表
46、被动完成被动完成(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.(Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
47、b. 分词作状语相当于状语从句分词作状语相当于状语从句分词练习分词练习This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _（tell) many times, he still couldnt understand it. _ (do) his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice_(not know) what to do, he phoned him again._(punish) by the teacher,
48、 he felt sad._(not receive) an answer, he decided to write anther letter.being discussedHaving been toldHaving donehopingNot knowingPunishedNot having received、分词分词当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，要给出当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，要给出它自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。它自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。重点重点The job finished, we went home. The weather being fine, we w
49、ent swimming. He being absent, nothing could be done.相当于：相当于：After the job was finished, we went home. Because the weather was fine, we went swimming. Because he was absent, nothing could be done. sayconsiderfollowappearbeHe rushed into the room,_. _, we continued to walk. _, we decided to put the m
50、eeting off. _, well have an outing tomorrow._, her paper is of greater value than yours. _, he handed it to the teacher.his face covered with sweatThe rain stoppingSo many students being absentWeather permittingAll things consideredThe composition written重点重点 generally speakingjudging from/byconside
