（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高一下学期必修第三册期中知识点复习(全册一套10份打包).rar

M3 U1 The Amazon rainforest : a natural disasterExtended reading-language points 1. committeeJoining us in the studio tonight are James Smiths, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental protection of committee.今晚加入我们的工作室的还有当地居民詹姆斯史密斯；文森特布朗，当地一家工厂的高级经理；还有诺盖特环境保护委员会主席朱莉阿彻。committee n. 委员会C,singparty committee 党委central committee 中央委员会2. protestprotest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 Mr Smiths protest against heavy industry.史密斯先生反对重工业。protest against 反对，对. 提出抗议without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地；under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地protestant adj 抗议的；持异议的protestingly adv 抗议地3. profitIrresponsible business are eager to make huge profits.不负责任的企业渴望赚取巨额利润。profit n. 利润，收益C,U；好处U vi.&vt. 获益，得到好处 profit from 得益于；利用 economic profit 经济利润；经济盈利 profitable adj 有利可图的；赚钱的；有益的 profitless adj 无益的4. DefenceIn defence of the factories, Id like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.为了为工厂辩护，我想指出，我们也试图控制我们产生的污染量。defence n. (美:defense)辩护C；防御，保护U；防御物C,U；国防U；防守sing.,U in defence of 为了保卫.defend vt 防御；保卫 defend. from/against. 保护.免受. defend sb 为某人辩护 defend oneself 自卫 defender n 防御者C5. ProcessWe have been taking various measures, to reduce pollution in the production process.我们一直在采取各种措施，以减少生产过程中的污染。process n. 过程，进程C；步骤，流程Cvt. 加工，处理 in the process (of ) 在过程中 process of. .的过程6. EconomicI would like to draw your attention to the economic benefits.我想提请你注意其经济效益。economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的economy n 经济C；节约C,U economist n 经济学家C economically adv 经济地；在经济上；节俭地7. FormerA former official once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty and advancing economic growth are the same fight.”一位前官员曾说过，“拯救我们的星球，让人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长，也是同样的斗争。”former adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 former name 曾用名 former president 前任总统反义词：latter adj 后者的；后面的；较后的8. OfficialA former official once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty and advancing economic growth are the same fight.”一位前官员曾说过，“拯救我们的星球，让人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长，也是同样的斗争。”official n. 官员，要员C adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的 government official 政府官员 official language 官方语言 senior official 高级官员；资深官员officially adv 正式地；官方地 officer n 军官；公务员；政府官员C9. consequenceconsequence n. 结果，后果C；重要性U in consequence of 由于；作为.的结果 as a consequence 因此，结果 in consequence 因此；结果 as a consequence of 因此；由于.的结果consequent adj 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv 因此；结果；所以 10. FurtherTo prevent further damage to water bodies, it is necessary to take some measures.为防止对水体的进一步损坏，有必要采取一些措施。further adj. 更多的，更进一步adv. 较远，更远；进一步vt. 促进，增进 further development 进一步的发展 further study 进一步研究；深造；继续教育，进修furthermost adj 最远方的 furthermore adv 此外；而且11.倒装 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smiths, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental protection of committee.倒装句全部倒装全部倒装倒装条件倒装方法例句以here、there、out、in、up、down、away 等副词开头,谓语动词多为be、come、go 等,主语是名词副词+谓语+主语Here are my tips for you. 这是我给你的建议。 (2015 福建)以 then、now、thus、such开头，谓语动词多为come、follow、begin、end、be 等,主语是名词副词+谓语+主语Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个淳朴的人，也是 20 世纪最伟大的科学家。表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词,主语是名词介词短语+谓语+主语Into the complete silence of the waiting class came “Good morning, children.” 教室里一片鸦雀无声，接着传来“早上好，孩子们。”(2015湖北)表语置于句首,为了保持句介词短语/形容词/Scattered on the floor were several books and 子平衡,为表示强调,或利于上下文衔接分词+be+主语magazines.几本书和杂志散落在地面上。（新北师大第三册）部分倒装部分倒装倒装条件倒装方法例句only+副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分Only on special occasions would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands.只有在特殊的场合，他们才会把它拿出来，让我们拿在手里。（2019 浙江）含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not、never、seldom、little、hardly、by no means、not until、on no condition、in no case、under no circumstances等)位于句首时否定副词或介词短语+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分On no condition must you be late. 在任何情况下都不能迟到。（新概念学习手册）hardly.when、no sooner. than、not only. but (also)等连接两个分句时,如果hardly、no sooner、not only位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变Hardly/No sooner/Not only+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分+when/than/but (also)+分句Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you will also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. 您不仅将帮助我们年轻志愿者的个人发展，您还将学习新的技能并提高您的文化意识。（2020 北京）so (such). that 中的 so (such)位于句首时so+adj. /adv.(such+n.)+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分+that从句So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他吓得一步也不敢动。so/neither/nor 置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/neither/nor+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长， 我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。（新译林必修三）as 引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词状语/表语/动词+as+主谓结构+主句Hard as he works, he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有 had、were 或 should 时,如将 if 省略,则要将had、were 或 should 移到主语之前Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语+其他部分+主句Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 要不是老师们的支持，学生是无法克服困难的。（2016 江苏）【即时训练】 I.用所给词的适当形式填空（1）There (go) the bell, so lets hurry. （2）The boy tiptoed quietly to the bird. Away it (fly) into the forest when he was about to catch it. （3）For a moment nothing happened. Then (come)voices all shouting together. （4）Several melon stalls were below the window and above them (be) the telecom tower with a big clock on top of it. 【参考答案】 （1）goes（2）flew（3）came（4）was11. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.with 的复合结构“with+复合宾语”,在句中可作伴随、方式、原因状语等。常见结构如下:with+宾语(名词/代词)+宾补././.介词(短语)/ ?【即时训练】完成句子(1) 他们开着灯一声不吭地坐了半个小时。(with+名词+副词)They sat in silence for half an hour. (2) 没有可说话的人,他感到很无聊。(with+名词+动词不定式), he felt bored. (3) 她去世的时候,她儿子还是个小学生。(with+名词+名词)She died . (4) 他睡着了,所有的窗户都关着。(with+名词+形容词)He fell asleep . (5) 有导游给我们带路,我们毫不费力地走出了森林。(with+名词+现在分词), we got out of the forest without any difficulty. (6) 他站在那里,双手插在口袋里。(with+名词+介词短语)He stood there . 【参考答案】 (1) with the light on(2) With no one to talk to(3) with her son yet a schoolboy(4) with all the windows closed(5) With the guide leading the way(6) with his hands in his pockets M3 U1 The Amazon rainforest : a natural disasterGrammar-language points 1. come up with 想出，想到All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.他们都想出了如何解决这些问题的创意。主语是人，不用于被动语态（1）走上前An old man came up to him and asked the way. 一个老妇人走上前，向他走路。（2）长出地面The seeds I sowed last week havent come up yet. 上个星期我播下的种子还没有发芽。（3）发生Something urgent has just come up, and I must attend to it immediately.一些紧急的事情刚刚发生，我必须马上处理一下。(4) 被讨论A new plan for the vacation came up at the meeting. 会上提出了假期的新计划。（4）即将发生With Christmas coming up, people are busy decorating their Christmas trees.随着圣诞节的到来，人们正忙着装饰他们的圣诞树。提出意见： put forward (可以用于主动语态和被动语态)、bring up2. call forSome call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.有些人呼吁应用现代技术，而另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。拓：（1）呼吁call for sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事（2）接I will call for you at 8 oclock.我在 8 点接你。（3）需要Its the sort of work that calls for a high level of organization. 这是需要高度条理性的工作。call back 打电话回来call off 取消call up 打电话给；使想起3. applicationSome call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.(1) 应用The application of sth in 在.方面某物的应用The application of sth to 把某物应用到.上面（2）申请make an application of to sb for sth 向某人申请某物apply vt. 敷药，涂抹；应用；申请applicant n. 申请人applied adj. 应用的4. organization It is organized by GreenHope, an organization devoted to protecting forests.(1) 组织，团体an environmental organization 一个环保的组织(2)组织工作；安排；条理lack organization 缺乏条理organize vt.组织organized adj. 有条理的organizer n. 组织者disorganized adj. 计划不周的organize ones time 分配时间a organized person 有条理的人5. I wish we could do something to help.我希望我们能做点什么来帮助我们。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望（1）表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式（be 动词一般用 were）（2）表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用 had+过去分词（3）表示与将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用 would/could/might+动词原形wish+that 从句(虚拟语气)的各种形式:sb. had done sth. (与过去事实相反)wish that sb. did/were sth. (与现在事实相反)sb. would/could do sth. (与将来事实相反)I wish I knew more about them. 我希望多了解他们一些。（北师大新教材必修三）I wish we could also do something to help. 我希望我们也能帮点忙。（注意：有时用“How I wish.”形式，意为“我多么希望”新译林必修三）虚拟语气拓展：虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，而是不可能发生的情况，或是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。类别if 从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反过去式(be 动词用 were)would/should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词would/should/could/mighthave过去分词过去式(be 动词用 were)should动词原形与将来事实相反were to动词原形would/should/could/might动词原形规则解释语境例句1.与现在事实相反的假设虚拟条件句中的谓语用一般过去时(be 的过去式常用 were)，主句谓语用If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner! 如果你多吃点，少说点，我们俩都会吃得好!（新概念二）“would/should/might/could动词原形”。2.与过去事实相反的假设虚拟条件句中的谓语用过去完成时(had过去分词)，主句谓语用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词”。You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.如果你当时不赶紧的话，你就会赶不上火车的。（新概念二）3.与将来事实相反的假设虚拟条件句中的谓语用“一般过去时(be 的过去式常用 were)/should动词原形/were to动词原形”，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could动词原形”。If you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle , he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud. 如果你问哈里瓶子里装的是什么，他会告诉你瓶子里装的是香水泥。（新概念三学习手册）4.错综条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If she had studied hard, she would be a college student now.如果她努力学习了，她现在就是一名大学生了。5.含蓄条件句虚拟条件隐含在上下文中或通过 without, but for, or, but, otherwise 等表示，这时可根据语境及具体意义采用虚拟形式。There was water everywhere, but we couldnt drink any of it otherwise wed get really sick. 到处都是水，但我们不能喝，否则我们会生病的。（外研新教材必修三）6.if 省略句虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可以省略 if，把 were, had, should 放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Should it wear out, please buy another one. 如果它穿坏了，请再买一个。(新概念三)易错提醒规则解释语境例句1.在“It It is important that you have a clear vision isimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pitythat.”句型中，主语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。注意：It is a pity that.如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可用陈述句语气。and a working plan to achieve it. 重要的是你有一个清晰的愿景和实现它的工作计划。(北师大新教材选修三)2. 在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”，should 可以省略。常见的动词有 suggest, advise, demand, require, insist, request, command, order等。注意：当 insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”，suggest 表示“表明，暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The magazine article suggests that teenagers want both independence and their parents love and support. 这篇杂志文章暗示青少年既想要独立又想要父母的爱和支持。（新译林必修一）3.wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望（1）表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式（be 动词一般用 were）（2）表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用had+过去分词（3）表示与将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形I wish I knew more about them. 我希望多了解他们一些。（北师大新教材必修三）I wish we could also do something to help. 我希望我们也能帮点忙。（注意：有时用“How I wish.”形式，意为“我多么希望”新译林必修三）4.would rather 后接 that 从句，用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。I would rather you came on Sunday. 希望你星期天来。（新概念三学习手册）5.表示建议、要求、命令等的名词如advice，order，demand，proposal，suggestion，request 等后跟表语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”。My suggestion is that you should finance some programmes to make people aware of the serious situation of the finless porpoise and protect them. 我的建议是，你应该资助一些项目，让人们意识到江豚的严重状况，并保护它们。6. 表示建议、要求、命令等的名词如 advice, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等后的同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。Pay attention to these expressions and listen for the suggestions that follow. 注意这些表达，并听下面的建议。（新译林必修二）7. if only 引导的感叹句中，谓语用一般过去时(be 通常用 were)，“had过去分词”，“would/could/might动词原形”表示对现在、过去、将来的虚拟。Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我想，要是我能给他打电话问问他的意见就好了!（北师大新教材选修一）8. Its (high/about) time that.后的从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可用“should动词原形”，但 should 不省略。Its high time that we worked together to change the situation. 是我们一起努力改变这种情况的时候了。关键能力真题现关键能力真题现1.（2020 江苏卷，28）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _（be）where I am.2.（2020 天津卷，1）Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.3.【2019江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _(have)a good time together.4.【2018江苏】Its strange that he _have taken the books without the owners permission.5. 【2018江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have)a second chance to become more involved.6.【2018北京】In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.7.【2018北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _(drive) a few more kilometers.8.【2018天津】If we _(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.9.【2017北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.10.【2017北京卷】If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 【参考答案】1. wouldnt be。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我就不会在这里。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后 where I am 可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。2. can。考查情态动词。 句意：Jim 说只要保持房子干净整洁我们就可以待在他的房子里。从句意可知，空处意为可以。3.would have had 考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。4.should 考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的 should 可以省略。5.had 考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。6.can 考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词 can。7.had driven 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态。8.had caught 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed。9.can 句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用 can。10.had been put 句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用 had done 形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态。 M3 U1 The Amazon rainforest : a natural disasterIntegrated skill-language points 1. image When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to your mind. 当你想到一个可怕的猎人时，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会浮现在你的脑海中。(1) 形象the public image 公众形象have an image of.拥有什么样的形象.(2) 画像；雕像；图像；意象2. spring to mind When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to your mind. 当你想到一个可怕的猎人时，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会浮现在你的脑海中。突然想起：（1）It strikes to sb that （2）occur to（3）cross ones mind3. track Still others hunt animals just for fun:deers are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport.还有一些人狩猎动物只是为了好玩：迪尔斯被喜欢这项运动兴奋的人追踪和射击。track vt.&vi. 追踪，跟踪n. 足迹，踪迹C,pl；小道C；轨道C,U；跑道C；路线C track and field 田径；田径赛 on track 走上正轨 keep track 通晓事态；注意动向trackable adj 可追踪的；可跟踪的4. nowhere When we build farms, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live.当我们建立农场时，我们会破坏动物的栖息地，留下许多动物无处可居住。nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不everywhere adv 到处 somewhere adv 某处 anywhere adv 无论何处5. As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的不断增长，我们对动物的影响也在增加。so+助动词/情态动词/be 动词+主语“某人/事也(不)一样”的不同表达方式:(1) so+系动词 be/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或事。(2) neither/nor+系动词 be/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示前面一种否定情况也适合于另一个人或事。(3) 如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定,或者形式不同,就用句型 So it is/was with./It is/was the same with.。【温馨贴士】“so+主语+系动词 be/助动词/情态动词”,用来表示同意、附和前一说话者所说的内容,可译为“是的;对;的确如此”。如:Tom has made rapid progress recently.Oh, so he has and so have you.汤姆最近进步很快。哦,的确如此,你也一样。【即时训练】. 完成句子(1) He works very hard.(他确实如此), and (我也一样). (2) She doesnt like them and (Jeff 也不喜欢他们). (3) He is a student and he studies hard.(我也是). 【参考答案】 (1) So he does; so do I(2) nor does Jeff(3) It is the same with me/So it is with me. 语境串词Tom and his twin brother Jack were