Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and Usage ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册.rar

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usageVerb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complementsGrammar and usageExploring the rulesTu YouyouAlexander FlemingNationalityDiscovery Time of discoveryUse of discoveryEffect of discoveryPrize ChineseScottish1972Penicillin1928Treat malariaTreat wounds/kill bacteriaBenefited millions of patientsSaved millions of life Nobel Prize, 2015Henry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery made by accident. Read through the article and fill in the following table.QinghaosuNobel Prize, 1945Find verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.We should know the difference between verb-ed and the past form in the past tense.Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.谓语非谓语过去分词做状语，描述主语状态. his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.谓语非谓语help (to) do.宾语与宾补为被动关系Verb-ed forms as attributivessomething produced by the mouldVerb-ed forms as adverbialsVerb-ed forms as object complementsthe prepared mindsurprised by this, .get its mass production startedExploring the rulesThe verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) (active/passive) meaning.The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) (2) _(relative clause/adverbial clause).The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.passiverelative clauseWorking out the rulesGo through the notes on Go through the notes on page 100 and page 101.page 100 and page 101.Exploring the rules1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria.2. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.3. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.4. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.5. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.Read the following sentences and pay special attention to the underlined part. attributiveattributiveadverbialadverbialobject complement V Veded forms as attributives 单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前(left除外)，V-ed短语作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。1. 单个V-ed作定语通常前置a.及物动词的-ed形式作定语,一般兼有被动和完成的意义。b.不及物动词的-ed形式作定语,有主动和完成意义。agrownwoman一位成年妇女anescapedprisoner一名逃犯abrokencup一个破杯子awoundedsoldier一名伤员=acupthathasbeenbroken=awomanthathasgrowna. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信去年生产的彩色电视机 2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。3. V-ed有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。 a.Thehouses,builtlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.=Thehouses,whichwerebuiltlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。b.Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.1. Most of the people (invite) to the party are famous scientists.2. The EMS (post) yesterday will reach my brother in three days.3. There has been nothing (change) here since I left this city.4. She is a (respect) teacher.invitedposted changedPractice respected5.Therewasan_(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.6.Itswrongforthe_(develop)countriestocontroltheworld.7. I have collected the money _(need)intheproject. 8.Thisistheproblem_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.9.The_(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso. excited developed needed discussed surprised V V V Vedededed forms as adverbials Destroyedbythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 Destroyedbythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Becauseithasbeen) Bittenbythecobra,themanwasindanger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 Destroyedbythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Becauseithasbeen) Bittenbythecobra,themanwasindanger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 Destroyedbythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Becauseithasbeen)(Becausehewas) Bittenbythecobra,themanwasindanger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 Destroyedbythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Becauseithasbeen)(Becausehewas)1.作原因状语 Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,ourschoollooksbeautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,ourschoollooksbeautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。(Whenitis)Waterboils,heatedto100. 水加热到100度就沸腾。 Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,ourschoollooksbeautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。(Whenitis)Waterboils,heatedto100. 水加热到100度就沸腾。 Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,ourschoollooksbeautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。(Whenitis)(whenitis)2.作时间状语虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 Tired,hewentonworking.(Althoughhewas)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 Tired,hewentonworking.(Althoughhewas)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。3.作让步状语 Tired,hewentonworking. Punishedbytheparents,hewontcomeagain.(Althoughhewas)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。3.作让步状语 Tired,hewentonworking. Punished by the parents, he wont come again.(Althoughhewas)(Ifheis)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。3.作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he wont come again.(Althoughhewas)(Ifheis)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。3.作让步状语 Tired,hewentonworking.4.作条件状语Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。(andshewas) Absorbedinthework,heneglectedfoodandsleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。(andshewas)Absorbedinthework,heignoredfoodandsleep.他专心于工作，废寝忘食。Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。(andshewas)(Hewas) Absorbedinthework,heneglectedfoodandsleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。(andshewas)(Hewas)5.作伴随或方式状语特别提醒：Given more time, he could finish the task. Given more time, I think he could finish the task. 动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。( ) ()Challenge yourselvesThe teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by some students.2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent.3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students.时间原因条件让步伴随 V-ed在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、让步状语，相当于一个状语从句；When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. V-ed在句中可充当伴随或方式状语，相当于一个 并列句；V-ed充当状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 V Veded forms as object complements V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。1.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如： watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoor_(lock).Hefoundhishouse_(break)intowhenhegotbackhome.V-ed作宾语补 足语常用于以下几种情况：lockedbrokenYoudbetterkeeptheguests_(inform)ofwhathappenedoutside.Werehavingourcar_(repair).Imtryingtogetthisarticle_(write)forThursday.Shehadtoshouttomakeherself_(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.2.表示“致使”意义的动词。 如：have,make,get,keep等。informedrepairedwrittenheard3.在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_(tie)behindhisback.Withwater_(heat),wecanseethesteam.Withthematter_(settle),weallwenthome.tiedheatedsettledApplying the rules 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Watching the _ (finishing/finished) painting, Alice couldnt help smiling. 2. Most of the artists _ (inviting/invited) to the party were from South Africa. 3. Do you still remember the Olympic Games_(held/holding) in Beijing in 2008? 4. The _ (surprising/surprised) look on her face suggested that she hadnt known the news before. 5. There are many _ (fallen / falling) leaves on the street.finishedinvitedheldsurprisedfallen 6. They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020高考题) 7. Some people never desire the happiness _to others; they always believe they have their own.(belong) 8. The professor sat in the front of the hall, _(prepare) for the lecture. 9. _ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 10. The lady returned home, _ (follow) by the famous detective Holmes. followedOrderedcomingpreparingbelonging Finish Part B1 & B2 on page 50.HOMEWORKHOMEWORKHOMEWORKHOMEWORK_