Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 单词讲解 ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册.rar

强基 B3U1词汇变形和短语 1.n.&vt.伤害,损害 adj.有害的 2.n.地区,区域;行政区 adj.地区的 n.宗教 adj.宗教的 3.n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长 adj.长的 vt.加长 4.n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 adj.各种各样的 vi.不同1.harm;harmful2.region;regional;religion;religious3.length;long;lengthen4.variety;various;vary 5.n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群adj.大批的,广泛的 adj.巨大的 6.vi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于难 n.生存,幸存 n.幸存者 7.n.营养素,营养物 n.营养 adj.有营养的5.mass;massive6.survive;survival;survivor7.nutrient;nutrition;nutritious 8.vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪 n.消失 vi.出现 n.出现 9.n.农业,农学 adj.农业的 10.n.灭绝,绝种 adj.灭绝的 11.adj.全球的;全面的adv.全球,全世界 n.地球;全球8.disappear;disappearance;appear;appearance9.agriculture;agricultural10.extinction;extinct11.global;globally;globe 12n.应用,运用;申请 vt.&vi.运用;申请 n.申请人 13.n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理vt.组织;安排 14.adv.绝对地,完全地;极其 adj.绝对的,完全的 adv.相对地 15.n.居民,住户 adj.住宅的 16.n.利润,收益,好处vi.&vt.获益,得到好处 adj.有利可图的;有益 12.application; apply; applicant 13.organization; organize 14.absolutely; absolute; relatively 15.resident; residential 16.profit; profitable 17.adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的adj.经济的,节约的 adv.经济上地 18.n.策略,行动计划;策划,部署adj.策略的 adv.策略上地 19.n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏 adj.贫穷的 adv.贫穷地;不充分地 20.n.化学制品adj.化学的;化学作用的adv.化学地n.化学n.药剂师 21.n.结果,后果;重要性 adj.作为结果的;随之发生的 adv.因此,结果 17.economic; economical; economically 18.strategy; strategic; strategically 19.poverty;poor;poorly 20.chemical;chemically;chemistry;chemist21.consequence; consequent; consequently 1在中发挥重要作用 2.接近,靠近 3.长度上 4.各种各样的 5.由组成 6.是所在地、栖息地、发源地 7.以为食 8.相应地,转而 1.playasignificantrolein 2.becloseto 3.inlength 4.avarietyof 5.bemadeupof 6.behometo 7.feedon 8.inturn 9.使分解(为),使变化(成) 10.给带来起色,注入活力 11.由于,因为 12.处于危险中 13.逐渐增加,扩大 14.远离 15.吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 16.想出,想到 9.breakdown 10.breathelifeinto 11.dueto 12.indangerof 13.buildup 14.keepawayfrom 15.takein eupwith 17.(公开)要求;需要 18.参加 19.致力于做某事 20.报名 21.突然记起(或想到) 22.对有影响 23.灭绝 24.为了娱乐 17.callfor 18.takepartin 19.bedevotedtodoingsth20.signup 21.springtomind 22.haveanimpact/effecton23.goextinct 24.forfun 25.跟某人一起做某事 26.摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 27.抗议 28.有做某事的趋势 29.渴望做某事 30.赚得巨大利润 31.为辩护 32.指出 25.joinsbin(doing)sth 26.getridof 27.protestagainst 28.tendtodosth 29.beeagertodosth 30.makehugeprofits 31.indefenceof 32.pointout 33.代表讲话;要求得到 34.关心;担心 35.采取措施做某事 36.使某人关注某事 37.在增加,在上升 38.寻找 39.处理,应付 40.取得之间的平衡 41.与某人携手合作 42.以环保的方式 33.speakfor 34.beconcernedabout 35.takemeasurestodosth36.drawonesattentiontosth37.ontherise 38.searchfor 39.dealwith 40.achieveabalancebetween 41.workhandinhandwithsb 42.inanenvironmentallyfriendlyway 43.将某人从中抬出;使从中摆脱出来 44.对有害 45.导致,引起 46.志愿做某事 47.与某人互动 48.利用 49.独特的地理和气候 50.经过一段时间 43.liftsboutof 44.doharmto 45.giveriseto/leadto/resultin 46.volunteertodosth47.interactwithsb 48.makeuseof4 9.distinctgeographyandclimate50.overtime单词讲解： (P1)Thehumanracehasdonemuchharm. 人类已经造成了很多危害。 拓doharmtosb=dosbharm损害某人;对某人有害 harmfuladj.有害的 beharmfulto对有害 harmlessadj.无害的 Asweallknow,gossipdoesothers.Butsinceweknowgossipis ,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?harmharmharmharmfulful (P2L7)TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,iscloseto6,400kilometresinlengthroughly100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6400千米,比长江还长约100千米。 拓inlength在长度上 atlength最后;详尽地 gotosome/any/greatlengthstodosth竭尽全力做某事 lengthenvt.(使)变长;加长,延长 longadj.长的 练语境串记 Aftermeasuringtheandwidthofourlivingroom,thedesignerintroducedhisplanfordecorationtous,andpromisedtheywouldfinishtheirworkontime,avoidingthetimeoftheproject.lengthlengthat length at length gotogreatlengthstogotogreatlengthstolengthlengthenen (P3L14)Theforest sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 拓avarietyof各种各样的 variousadj.各种不同的,各种各样的 varyvi.不同,相异;变化 varyfrompersontoperson因人而异 练: 语境串记 Itisbetterforstudentstotakeaofcoursessoastotastekindsofsubjectstofindtheirinterest,which,afterall,_.varietyvarietyvarietyvarietyvaryfrompersontopersonvaryfrompersontoperson (P3L15)Atthebottom,thereisasystemofrootsbeneaththeground. 在底部,有一个地表下的根系。 拓beneaththesurface表面之下 beneathnotice不值得注意;无足轻重 beneathsb有失某人身份 练完成句子 (1)Yes,theretheleafytopofonetinycarrotherlong-lostweddingring. 对,小胡萝卜叶子下面是她丢失很久的结婚戒指。 (2)Sheactsasifevenspeakingtousis.beneathbeneathwaswasbeneathbeneath her her (P3L23)Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforestsfoodchain.尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 拓survivesbby比某人多活surviveon靠继续维持生活 survivefrom从存活下来;从流传下来 survivaln.幸存 survivorn.幸存者 练单句语法填空 (1)Idontknowhowyouallmanagetosurvive Jeremyssalary. (2)Thedoctortoldmethatmywifehada50percentchanceof_ (survive). (3)Shesurvivedherhusbandfiveyears. (4)Shewastheonly(survive)intheplanecrash.o on nsurvivasurvival lbyby survivsurviviorior (P3L25)Thesefrogs,inturn,feedoninsectswhicheatleavesandfruit. 相应地,这些青蛙以昆虫为食,而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 拓inturn轮流,依次 itsonesturntodo轮到某人做 takeonesturntodosth轮到某人做某事 turnto开始做;转向;求助于taketurns轮流 练语境串记 OurEnglishteacheraskedustoanswersomeofherquestions.Andwhenansweraquestion,LiHuacouldntansweritandhadtohispartner. 我们的英语老师让我们轮流回答问题,轮到李华的时候,他答不上来,只好求助于他的同桌。inturninturnit it was was Li HuaLi Huasturntosturntoturnturn to to 7.(P3L27)Whenajaguardies,atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth. 当美洲豹死亡时,一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体,并将营养物质输送给土壤。 拓breakawayfrom逃脱;脱离 breakin强行进入;打断 breakinto强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等) breakoff断开;突然中止;停顿 breakout突然开始,爆发 breakthrough突破;有重大发现 breakup拆分;(婚姻或关系)破裂;(团体)散伙;结束;解散breakdown使分解(为),使变化(成);(机器)出故障;(身体、精神等)累垮、崩溃;(谈判等)失败 用break的相关短语填空 (1)Whentheepidemic(疫情)worldwide,manypeoplewereatalosswhattodo. (2)Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheairconditioningsystem_. (3)Helosthisjob,andevenworse,hismarriage.broke outbroke outhad broken downhad broken downbroke upbroke up 8.(P3L34)Overthepast50years,about17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivitiessuchasagricultureandcattlefarming. 在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约17%的雨林已经消失了。 拓beduetodo/forsth预定/预期做某事 beduetosb应归于某人;某人应支付 induecourse在适当的时候 练语境串记 Thefootballmatch,originallylastSunday,wasfinallycalledoffthebadweather.due to be held due to be held due to due to Grammarandusage (P6)Allofthemcomeupwithcreativeideasonhowtosolvetheseproblems. 所有人都对如何解决这些问题提出了有创意的想法。 拓comeup走近;接近;被提出,被讨论;即将发生 comeabout发生 comeacross偶然发现或遇到 comeout出来;(花)开放;(书等)出版;结果 cometo苏醒;总计,达到 whenitcomesto当谈到时 练用come的相关短语填空 (1)Whenyouaparent,ateacheroraneighbourworkingonsomething,askifyoucanhelp.Iftheysay“yes”,dosoandyoumaylearnsomethingnew. (2)DayafterdayIkeptsolutions,butnoneofthemworked. (3)Theplanofprotectingtheenvironmentat themeetinglastyear. (4)Se across come across coming up with coming up with came up with came up with came up came up (P6)Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothersachangeoflifestyle. 一些专家要求应用现代技术,另一些专家要求改变生活方式。 拓callat停靠 callin叫来,召来 calloff取消callon/upon号召,呼吁;拜访 callup打电话;使想起,使回忆起 练语境串记 Lastweekend,Imetwithaproblem,whichmyteachershelp.SoIplannedtoher,butafterandlearningshewasout,Ihadtothetrip. 上周末,我遇到一个问题,需要我的老师的帮助,就打算去拜访她。在打电话给她得知她不在家后,我只好取消了我的行程。called for called for call on call on calling her upcalling her upcall off call off 3.applicationn.应用,运用;申请 (P6)Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothersachangeoflifestyle. 一些专家要求应用现代技术,另一些专家要求改变生活方式。 拓applyvt.&vi.申请;涂,敷;应用applyfor申请 applyAtoB将A应用于Bapplyto适用于 applyoneselfto(doing)sth某人专心致志于(做)某事applytosbforsth向某人申请某物 appliedadj.应用的,实用的applicantn.申请人 练Whentheposition,youshouldattacharecentphotographtoyour. Ifyousucceed,yououghttoyourwork. 在向我公司申请该职位时,你得在你的申请表上贴一张近照。如果申请成功,你应该专心致志地做你的工作。applyng to your company for applyng to your company for application form application form apply yourself to apply yourself to 4.absolutelyadv.绝对地,完全地;极其 (P7)Itwasabsolutelyworthoureffort! 我们的努力绝对值得! 拓absolutelyright完全正确 absoluteadj.绝对的,完全的;专制的 inabsoluteterms从绝对意义上说 练单句语法填空 (1)Theoldladywas(absolute)right. (2)Althoughpricesarefallingabsoluteterms,energyisstillexpensive.absolutely absolutely in inIntegratedskills (P8)Whenyouthinkofafearsomehunter,imagesoflionsandsharksmayspringtomind.当你想到一个可怕的捕猎者,狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会立刻跃入脑海。 拓springtoonesfeet突然站起来 springto/intolife突然活跃起来 springtosbsdefence/assistance连忙站出来保护/帮助某人 springintoaction突然工作(或行动)起来 springup迅速出现;突然兴起 springfrom由造成,起源于,来自 完成句子 (1)Whenitcomestothequalitiesofrealfriends,integrityandhonestyarewordsthat. 当说到真正的朋友的品质时,我们立马想到正直和诚实这两个词。 (2)Fast-foodrestaurantsarealloverthetown. 快餐店一家家地冒出来,遍布整个小镇. (3)Everyonewhentheprincipalwalkedin. 校长进来时,所有的人都站了起来。spring to our mind spring to our mind springing up springing up sprang to their feet sprang to their feet (P8)Stillothershuntanimalsjustforfun:deeraretrackedandshotbypeoplewhoenjoytheexcitementofthesport. 还有一些人狩猎动物只是为了找乐子:那些追踪、射猎鹿的人喜欢狩猎的刺激。 拓beontheright/wrongtrack思路正确/错误 keep/losetrackofsb/sth了解/不了解某人的情况/某事的动态 getoffthetrack偏离正题,离题 beonthetrackofsb/sth追踪(追寻)某人/某物 tracksb/sthdown搜寻到;跟踪找到;追查到 练单句语法填空 (1)Wevehadtheinitialtestresultsanditlooksasthoughweretherighttrack. (2)Itsdifficulttokeeptrackallthenewdiscoveriesingenetics. (3)Policearethetrackofthebankrobbers.on on of of onon 3.nowhereadv.无处,哪里都不 (P8)Whenwebuildfarmsorfactories,wedestroyanimalhabitatsandleavemanyanimalswithnowheretolive,ornofoodtoeat. 当我们建造农场或工厂时,我们破坏了动物的栖息地,让许多动物无处可住,或者没有食物可吃。 拓get/gonowhere没有结果;没有进展 benowheretobeseen/found哪儿也见不到/找不到 nowherenear离(某地方)很远;远不及 outof/fromnowhere突然发生;突然出现 练语境串记 Asisoftenthecase,whenyoueagerlylookforsomething,itusually.Thatis,itis.Butwhenyougiveitup,decidingnottotryagain,ittendstoappear. 常常,当你急切地寻找某个东西时,通常没有结果。即哪儿也找不到。但是当你放弃了,决定不再找了的时候,它往往会突然出现。goes nowhere goes nowhere nowhere to be found nowhere to be foundout of nowhere out of nowhere Extendedreading&Project 1.getridof摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 (P11L12)Thesmogintheairhascolouredtheskyasmokygrey;itsalsogivenmeacoughthatIcantgetridof. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色,还让我患上了咳嗽,老是不好。 拓rid.of.去除,清除 ridoneselfofsth使某人摆脱某事,从中解脱 练单句语法填空 (1)Hewantedtorid(he)oftheburdenofthesecret,butfailed. (2)Shewanted(rid)ofherparentsandtheirauthority. (3)Hewasdevotedto(rid)societyofinequality. himself himself to be rid to be rid ridding ridding 2.protestvi.反对,抗议vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩n.抗议,反对 (P11L15)MrSmithprotestedagainstheavyindustry.史密斯先生反对重工业。 拓protestmarch/rally抗议游行/集会hold/stage/mountaprotest组织/进行/发起抗议 violent/peacefulprotest暴力/和平抗议inprotest(at/againststh)作为(对某事)的抗议 protestagainst对提出抗议;反对 练.单句语法填空 (1)5,000employeescameoutonstrikeinprotestthepoorworkingconditions. (2)Peoplewentouttothestreetstoprotestthedecision. .完成句子 (1)AsmallgroupofdemonstratorsoutsidetheUNHeadquarters. 一小群示威者在联合国总部外举行了和平抗议。 (2)Therewereseveralagainstthegovernmentspolicyonimmigration. 有几场抗议游行反对政府的移民政策。 at/against at/against against against staged a peace protest staged a peace protest protests marches protests marches 3.profitn.利润,收益;好处vi.&vt.获益,得到好处 (P11L17)Peopletendtoconnectfactorieswithpicturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsiblebusinessmeneagertomakehugeprofits. 人们往往把工厂与肮脏的烟雾和不负责任且渴望获取巨额利润的商人联系在一起。 拓makeaprofitfrom从赚取利润dosthforprofit为盈利而做某事 profitfrom/by从获利profitableadj.有利可图的;有益的 profitablyadv.有利地;有益地 练语境串记 Hewhathiscompanyproduced,buthedidntrunthecompany.Hedecidedtoengageinsome_businesswiththatamountofmoney. 他从公司生产的产品中赚了一笔利润,但他不是为了盈利开公司的。他打算用那笔钱来从事一些有益的事情。 made a profit from made a profit from for profit for profit profitable profitable 4.defencen.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 (P11L19)Indefenceofthefactories,however,I dliketopointoutthatwealsotrytocontroltheamountofpollutionweproduce. 不过,为工厂说句公道话,我想指出的是我们也在努力控制我们所产生的污染量。 拓indefenceof为辩护;为了保护/防御 defendvt.保卫,防御;辩解;辩护defend.from.保护免受 defensiveadj.防御的,保护的 练语境串记 ourcompany, therivernearby,wehavetriedourbest. 我得为我们公司说句公道话,为了保护附近的河流免受污染,我们已竭尽全力采取了防御措施I Indefenceofndefenceofto to defendefend dto to take take defendefendsive measuresdsive measures 5.processn.过程,进程;步骤,流程vt.加工,处理 (P11L22)Wevebeentakingvariousmeasures,includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseourproductioncosts. 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施,包括使用新科技手段,从而减少生产过程中产生的污染,尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 拓inprocess正在进行intheprocess在过程中 intheprocessofdoingsth在做某事的过程中,在进行中 练单句语法填空 (1)Thenovelisintheprocessof(turn)intoafilm. (2)Twomillionworkersareemployed(process)goodsforelectronicfirms. (3)Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,(process),orprepared.to process to process being turning being turning processed processed 6.economicadj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 (P12L25)I dalsoliketodrawyourattentiontotheeconomicbenefitsfactorieshavebroughttoNorgate.我还希望你们能注意到这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。 拓economicdevelopment经济发展 economiccrisis经济危机 economicreform经济改革economicrecovery经济复苏 economicaladj.经济的,节约的economicallyadv.经济上地,节俭地 economyn.经济 练语境串记 Withthedevelopmentof,moreandmoreprivatecars,mostofwhicharemore torun,havefoundtheirwayintoordinaryfamilies. 随着经济的发展,越来越多的私家车进入了普通家庭,这些车大多比较省油。 economy economy economically economically 7.strategyn.策略,行动计划;策划,部署 (P12L36)Wealsoworkhandinhandwithotherbranchesofgovernmenttoensurethatdevelopmentstrategiesarefollowedinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway.我们亦与其他政府部门携手合作,以确保发展策略符合环保原则。 拓astrategyfordoing/todosth做某事的策略 military/defencestrategy军事战略/防御部署 strategicadj.战略上的;战略的 strategicarms/weapons战略武器 strategicallyadv.战略上地 练单句语法填空 (1)Itsallpartofanoverallstrategy(gain)promotion. (2)Denikinheldastaffmeetingtodecideonthenext(strategy)objective. to gain to gain strategic strategic 8.recyclevt.回收利用,再利用 (P12L39)Ithastobeacommunity-wideeffort,andeveryonecanhelpbyfollowingthegoldenrule:reduce,reuseandrecycle. 全社会必须共同努力,每个人都遵循减少使用,重复使用和循环利用的指导原则,就能尽一份力。 拓recycledpaper可再生纸 recyclingn.(资源、垃圾的)回收利用 therecyclingofglass玻璃的回收利用 arecyclingplant废品回收加工厂 练完成句子 (1)Conversely,themoretheysave. 相反,他们回收的越多,省下的就越多。 (2)Teachershaveorganizedafieldtripto. 老师们组织了一次去回收厂的实地考察。 (3)Makelovelyobjectsusing. 用可回收的材料制作可爱的物品。 the more they recycle the more they recycle a recycling plant a recycling plant recycled materials recycled materials 9.poisonvt.污染;毒死,毒害n.毒物,毒药 (P13)Largeamountsofindustrialwastepoisonthewateraftertheyenterwaterbodies. 大量的工业垃圾在进入水域后会对水造成污染。 拓poisonsbwithsth用某物毒死某人 poisonousadj.有毒的,引起中毒的 poisonouslyadv.有毒地 练语境串记 Heclimbedthemountaintopicksomeextremelymushrooms,withwhichheattemptedthebadperson,onlytobebittenbyasnake. 他上山去摘有剧毒的蘑菇,想毒死那个坏人,不曾想,却被毒蛇咬了一口。 poisonouspoisonous to to poisonpoison poisonouspoisonous 10.consequencen.结果,后果;重要性 Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfullyawareoftheconsequences. 他是故意选择过他所过的生活的,并且完全清楚其后果。 拓oflittle/noconsequence不重要的;无足轻重的 inconsequence(ofsth)由于;作为(某事的)结果 asaconsequence(ofsth)因此;因为(某事) consequentadj.作为结果的,随之发生的 consequentlyadv.所以,因此 练语境串记 humanactivities,whichsomepeoplethinkaretotheenvironment,naturaldisastersoftenoccurinrecentyears.Lastyear,droughtandfaminestruckmostofthecountry.,wemustchangetheideaandstopdoingwhatisharmfultotheenvironment. 由于人类的活动(有些人认为这些活动对环境无足轻重),近年来自然灾害频发。去年,干旱以及随之而来的饥荒袭击了大半个国家。因此,我们必须改变观念,不要再做一些对环境有害的事了。 I Inconsequenceofnconsequenceofof littleof littleconsequenceconsequenceconsequenconsequent t C Consequenonsequentlytly