1、牛津英语单元词汇详解牛津英语单元词汇详解必修必修 第三册第三册Unit 3 The World online1. *webcam /webkm/ n. 网络摄像头 (29) 2. pot /pt/ n. 壶，瓶，罐；锅 (29) 【原句背诵】The first webcam was created by computer scientists at the University of Cambridge in 1991. What did it film? A coffee pot outside the office. These scientists used the webcam to
2、see from their desks whether the pot was empty to avoid wasted trips for coffee. 3. *emoji /mdi/ n. 表情符号 (29) 4. comic /kmk/ n. 连环漫画；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；喜剧的 (29) 【原句背诵】Emojis, small digital images used to express ideas or feelings electronic communication, were created in 1999 in Japan. The creator was in
3、spired by Japanese comics, street signs and Chinese characters. 【联想拓展】a comic opera 滑稽歌剧a comic actor 喜剧演员comical adj. 滑稽的，好笑的comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧性；有趣的事情comedian n. 喜剧演员；滑稽人物comedic adj. 喜剧的5. take off 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行 (29) 【原句背诵】Soon emojis took off throughout the world.【误区】take off的其他意思：起飞；脱下；离开等。【联想拓展】take
4、 away 带走，拿走，取走take part in 参加，参与take on 承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳；雇用；穿上take up 拿起；开始从事take effect 生效；起作用take out v. 取出；去掉；出发；抵充take into 考虑到；说服take in 接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让进入；改短take over 接管；接收take seriously 重视；认真对待take for granted 认为理所当然take the lead v. 带头；为首take good care (of) 好好照顾；珍重【经典例句】The new magazine has really
5、 taken off. 这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。The Battle at Lake Changjin took off immediately after its release. 长津湖在上映后立即大受欢迎。 Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11:30 will be delayed for twenty minutes. 原定11：30起飞的5125次航班将延误二十分钟。When youre traveling in Asia, if someone invites you to his or her home, don t forget to
6、take off your shoes when you arrive. 当你在亚洲旅行时，如果有人邀请你去他家，别忘了在到达时脱掉你的鞋子。【链接高考】 （2014安徽卷）At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000. 一开始，他们被拒绝了，但一旦他们能够说服当地农民有钱可赚，项目就启动了。 2009年的销售额为1.4万美元。 6. frontie
7、r /frnt(r)/ n. 国界，边界；尖端， 边缘 (30) 【原句背诵】The Internet: a world without frontiers【联想拓展】the frontier (between A and B)/ (with sth) 国界；边界；边境the frontier between China and Russia 中俄边界a customs post on the frontier with Italy 与意大利的交界边境上的海关关卡to push forward the frontiers of science 开拓科学新领域【同义词】frontier作“国界，
8、边界”时，意思同boundary, border等。7. billion /bljn/ n. 十亿 (30) 8. obviously /bvisli/ adv. 显然，明显地 (30) 【原句背诵】Billions of people in different parts of the world have joined it already, and obviously many more will follow. 【联想拓展】hundred n. 百 thousand n. 千 million n. 百万obvious adj. 明显的，显然的；显而易见的 【经典例句】Diet and
9、exercise are obviously important. 显然，饮食和运动是重要的。The exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance. 这项锻炼将明显增强力量和耐力。Obviously, we dont want to spend too much money. 很明显，我们不想花太多的钱。Obviously, theyve had sponsorship from some big companies. 显然，他们已有一些大公司赞助。 【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Paul Beer, head of rhino
10、 section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. ” 林姆尼港犀牛部负责人保罗比尔说: “显然，我们非常高兴又有一头小犀牛加入我们的黑犀牛大家庭。” （2020江苏卷）Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakf
11、ast than when they had eaten. 最明显的是，在开始锻炼时，不吃早餐的人血糖水平比吃早餐低。 9. access /kses/ n. 机会，权利；路径，通道 vt. 到达，进入，使用 (30) 【原句背诵】We can achieve almost anything online-with access to the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages.One of the greatest advantages of the Internet lies in the quick and easy acc
12、ess to a huge amount of information.【联想拓展】have access to 使用；接近；可以利用get/gain/obtain access to 获得；接近；可以使用accessible adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的accessibility n. 易接近；可亲；可以得到【经典例句】The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。 The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair
13、users.这些设施已经过改装，使轮椅使用者们能够进入。Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会使用好的资源。You need a password to get access to the computer system. 使用这个计算机系统需要密码。【链接高考】（2021天津卷）All applicants must have a drivers license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. 所有的申请者都必须有驾照，并且可以开车。 每次
14、送货都有汽油补贴。 （2020新课标卷I）Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. 许多车站的停车场或站台入口处都设有轮椅通道。 （2019全国卷I）These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to t
15、he computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. 这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。 因此，键盘可以确定用户的身份，进而决定用户是否有权使用键盘所连接的电脑不管密码是否正确。10. extent /kstent/ n. 程度，限度；范围 (30) to a certain extent 在一定程度上 (30) 11. at ones fingertips 掌握（信息），熟悉、精通（知识等），了如 指掌 (30) 【原句背诵】To a certain extent, the wo
16、rlds knowledge is all at our fingertips.【联想拓展】to a certain extent 一定程度上to the extent of 在的范围内；到的程度to a great extent 在很大程度上to the extent that 达到的程度以致；在这个意义上；在这样的范围内；在方面来说to the utmost extent 最大限度地，到极点；极力地【同义词】extent作“程度，限度”时，意义同degree。【误区】注意和单词extend的拼写不同！extend vt. & vi. 延伸；扩大，延长；持续；包括，波及【经典例句】The e
17、xtent of the damage could not have been foreseen. 损害的程度是无法预见到的。The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. 地震的灾害程度取决于许多因素。To a certain extent , we are all responsible for this tragic situation. 我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。To some extent, this is related to the ecological circumstan
18、ces in which the animal is found.在某种程度上，这与我们发现这种动物的生态环境有关。He had changed to such an extent (= so much) that I no longer recognized him. 他变得我简直认不出了。To what extent is this true of all schools? 这在多大程度上符合所有学校的实际情况？The book discusses the extent to which (= how much) family life has changed over the past
19、50 years. 本书论述了近50年来家庭生活的变化程度。12. click /klk/ n. 点击，单击；咔哒声 vi. & vt. 使发出咔哒声；点击，单击 (30) 13. button /btn/ n. 按钮；纽扣 (30) 14. recipe /respi/ n. 食谱；方法，秘诀 (30) 15. military /mltri/ adj. 军事的，军队的 (30) 16. affair /fe(r)/ n.公共事务，政治事务；事件， 事情 (30) 【原句背诵】With the click of a mouse or the touch of a button, it is
20、possible to find out almost anything we care to know, from recipes to travel packages, from military affairs to learning resources.【联想拓展】to do up/undo your buttons 系上解开扣子a recipe for chicken soup 鸡汤的做法vegetarian recipes 素菜食谱a recipe book 烹饪书world/international/business affairs 世界国际商业事务an expert on f
21、oreign affairs 外事专家【经典例句】Click the OK button to start the computer. 单击确认键启动电脑。 These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. 如今，可口可乐的配方是一个严格保守的秘密。Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life? 能告诉我你幸福长寿的秘诀吗？【链接高考】（2019北京卷）With her dads permission, she spent the next two y
22、ears researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. 在父亲的允许下，她花了两年时间在网上搜索，并进行试验，以获得既美味又有益于牙齿的食谱。（2015湖北卷）She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats
23、on their plate. 她还经营了一个网站，在那里分享她的秘诀和食谱，目的是证明每个人都有能力控制自己盘子里的食物。 （2016全国卷III）At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. 在活动中，你可以会见专业的种植者，并讨论最适合你的条
24、件，因为这些是家庭事务，孩子们非常喜欢苹果主题的乐趣和游戏。 17. bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出； 提出 (30) 【原句背诵】In the time it takes to find one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results. 【联想拓展】bring about 引起；航使掉头bring along 带来；使发展bring back 拿回来；使恢复；使回忆起来bring down 降低；打倒，打死；击落bring forward 提出；提前；结转br
25、ing in 引进；生产；增加bring into v. 使开始；使进入某种状态bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出bring forth v. 产生；发表bring on 导致；引起；使发展bring into effect 实施；实行；使生效bring an end to vt. 结束，使完结【误区】注意bring up常用的其他含义：bring up 教育；养育，抚养；呕吐bring up sb 抚养某人；抚育某人bring up a new generation 培养一代新人【经典例句】Click with the right mouse button to bring up
26、a new menu. 单击鼠标的右键，调出一个 新菜单。Right-click on any whitespace to bring up a context menu. 右键单击任何空白处，就会出现一个上下文菜单。Tom brought up a subject rarely raised during the course of this campaign. 汤姆提出了一个在活动进程中很少被提及的话题。This means that any thought about a certain subject will often bring up more memories that are
27、 related to it. 这就意味着任何关于某一主题的想法通常会勾起更多与之相关的记忆。Francisca was brought up in New York. 弗朗西斯在纽约被抚养大。Those women have very definite ideas on how to bring up children. 关于如何培养孩子，那些妇女有非常明确的想法。（2020新课标卷I）When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probab
28、ly didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). 当你想为你的假日购物清单上的环保主义者买些什么时，你可能不会想到毛皮。 但一些生态学家和时尚爱好者正试图恢复海狸鼠皮草的市场。 （2015陕西卷）The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, ful
29、l-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. 咖啡豆的生产是一个巨大的、有利可图的行业，但不幸的是，全日照生产正在接管这个行业，并带来了很多损害。 18. majority /mdrti/ n. 大部分，大多数； 多数票 (30) 【原句背诵】No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.【联想拓展】in the/a
30、 majority 占多数major adj. 主要的，重大的 v.（在美国大学）主修，专攻【误区】当the majority of + n.（复数）作主语时，句子谓语动词常用复数形式；当the majority作主语时，句子谓语动词可用单数或复数形式。The majority of my patients come to me from out of town. 我的多数病人来自市区外。The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking in public places. 大多数人支持公共场所禁烟。【反义词】minority n. 少数，少数
31、派，少数人【经典例句】This treatment is not available in the vast majority of hospitals. 绝大部分医院都不提供这种治疗。In the nursing profession, women are in a/the majority . 女性在护理行业中占大多数。Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority. 调查显示该条约的支持者仍占多数。Tom was elected director of the company by/with
32、 a majority of 685. 汤姆以685票的多数票当选公司主管。They had a large majority over their nearest rivals. 他们所得的票数远远超出名次仅次于他们的对手。【链接高考】（2016北京卷）While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. 虽然我们应该在大学里提供“安全空间”，但我们也必须确保表达意见和挑战多数意见的安全
33、。 （天津卷）Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme. 学生们根据他们目前的语言技能被安排到班级。 大多数学生在开始学习之前都要参加在线语言测试。 19. goods /dz/ n. 商品，货品；私人财产 (31) 20. commerce /kms/ n. 商务；商业；贸易(31) 【原句背诵】The Internet
34、 has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce. 【联想拓展】cheap/expensive goods 便宜的昂贵的商品leather/cotton/paper goods 皮革棉织纸质商品electrical/sports goods 电器商品；体育器材commerce and trade 商业和贸易commercial adj. 商
35、业的；营利的；靠广告收入的; n. 商业广告 commercially adv. 商业上；通商上commercialization n. 商品化，商业化commercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化【误区】关注类似复数名词的意义：woods n. 森林；树林 waters n. 水体，水域；海域 sands n. 沙滩；沙漠，沙丘 papers n. 报纸；论文；试卷等。【经典例句】Money can be exchanged for goods or services. 钱可以用来换取商品或服务。Faulty goods should be returned to the manuf
36、acturers. 有问题的产品应退还生产厂家。The company has made its fortunes from industry and commerce. 那家公司从工商业中发了财。【链接高考】（2014北京卷）Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. 现在，电子商务的兴起让知名品牌接触到更多的顾客。 21. deliver /dlv(r)/ vt. 递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出 (31) 22. site /sat/ n.
37、网站，站点；地点；现场 (31) 【原句背诵】You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.【联想拓展】deliver (sth) (to sb/sth) 递送；传送；交付；运载deliver up 交出，放弃deliver from 从处释放出来deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲；作报告delivery n. 贸易 交付；递送；分娩deliverable adj. 可以传送的；可交付使用的website n. 网站，网址【熟词生义】deliver a baby 接生孩子 ；b
38、e delivered of a baby分娩，生孩子The baby was delivered by Caesarean section. 这个婴儿是剖腹产下的。 She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩。【经典例句】The Canadians plan to deliver more food to Cuba. 加拿大人计划向古巴运送更多的食物。Do you have your milk delivered? 你的牛奶是让别人送吗？ The professor is due to deliver a lecture on genetic
39、 engineering. 根据安排教授要作一个关于转基因的报告。 The president will deliver a speech about the history of the school. 校长将发表关于学校历史的演讲。【链接高考】（2020天津卷）Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.你要的书一旦送到最近的分部，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，你就可以去取书了。 （2016北京卷）T
40、eenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.青少年爬上几十层楼梯，为被困在停电的高层建筑中的老人送去水和食物。（2012湖北卷）In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrang
41、e for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. 索菲娅和她的支持者在信中表示愿意聘请教师或为医学院建造合适的教学楼，并安排在圣安德鲁斯大学尚未开设的课程上进行授课。 23. boot /but/ n. 靴子 (31) 【原句背诵】Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots-you can compare styles and prices quickly and easi
42、ly in the comfort of your living room.24. arrangement /rendmnt/ n. 安排；布置； 约定；排列 (31) 【原句背诵】When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel arrangements just in front of the computer.【联想拓展】an arrangement for对的安排arrange v. 安排，筹备；整理，布置，排列arrange forto do sth安排做某事【经典例句】The staff is working
43、frantically（忙碌地）on final arrangements for the summit. 工作人员在紧张忙碌地为该峰会做最后的安排。They arranged for a car to collect us from the airport. 他们安排了一辆轿车到机场接我们。 25. cash /k/ n. 现金；金钱，资金 (31) 【原句背诵】Forgot to carry cash? There is no need to worry-you can pay for almost everything on your smartphone.【链接高考】（2019天津卷）
44、Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. 食物网可能由许多薄弱环节控制，因为这种安排从长期来看更稳定。 （2014安徽卷）For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial（顺序排列的）arrangement is comforting. 因为时间和生活似乎是不可控制的，稳定的顺序安排是令人欣慰的。 26. above all else 最重要的是
45、，尤其是 (31) 27. establish /stbl/ vt. 建立（关系或联系）；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定 (31) 【原句背诵】Above all else, the Internet helps us establish and maintain social ties.【联想拓展】above all 首先；尤其是establish sb/sth/oneself (in sth) (as sth) 确立；使立足；使稳固establishment n. 确立，制定；公司；设施【经典例句】In this matter we must place the common caus
46、e above all else. 在这件事情上， 我们必须把共同事业放在高于一切的位置上。What concerns me above all else is that in a recession governments should be encouraging business to find ways to cut costs. 最让我担心的是，在经济衰退时期，政府应该鼓励企业寻找削减成本的方法。The United Nations was established in 1945. 联合国创立于1945年。The UN has established detailed criteri
47、a for who should be allowed to vote. 联合国就谁应当被允许投票确立了详细标准。It was this campaign that established the papers reputation. 正是这场运动确立了这家报纸的声誉。【链接高考】（2021天津卷）We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure. 我们建立一个在整个过程中讨论的主题。（2018江苏卷）Although the main attraction was the soup, Rozes chai
48、n shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant. 虽然主要吸引人的是汤，但罗兹的连锁店也为外出就餐设定了新的标准，这确立了罗兹成为现代餐厅的发明人。 （2018江苏卷）Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many n
49、ew farmers. 来自投资者、开发商和老牌大农场主的竞争使得许多新农民无法拥有自己的土地。28. software /sftwe(r)/ n. 软件 (31) 【原句背诵】With all sorts of communication software, physical distance no longer gets in the way. No matter where we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones, find long-lost friends and discover whole new commun
50、ities who share our hobbies.【联想拓展】software development 软体开发application/system software 应用系统软件design/educational/music-sharing, etc. software 设计、教育、音乐共享等软件to install/run a piece of software 安装运行一个软件hardware n. 硬件；装备，设备【经典例句】The company develops and markets new software. 这个公司开发并销售新软件。【误区】software和hard
