1、 正常骨髓三种主要成分:骨髓组织、脂肪细胞及骨小梁;正常骨髓三种主要成分:骨髓组织、脂肪细胞及骨小梁; 骨髓组织与脂肪细胞相互比例关系随年龄增大及人体对血的需骨髓组织与脂肪细胞相互比例关系随年龄增大及人体对血的需求而改变;求而改变; 红骨髓:红骨髓:40%40%水水+40%+40%脂肪脂肪+20%+20%蛋白蛋白+ +富含静脉窦系统的血管网;富含静脉窦系统的血管网; 黄骨髓:黄骨髓:15%15%水水+80%+80%脂肪脂肪+5%+5%蛋白蛋白+ +稀少静脉窦血管网;稀少静脉窦血管网; 红骨髓:红骨髓:T1WIT1WI中或稍高信号,低于肌肉和黄骨髓,中或稍高信号,低于肌肉和黄骨髓,T2WIT2W
2、I中中高信号,低于皮下脂肪,高于黄骨髓;高信号,低于皮下脂肪,高于黄骨髓; 黄骨髓:黄骨髓:T1WIT1WI高信号,类似皮下脂肪,高信号,类似皮下脂肪,T2WIT2WI中低信号,低中低信号,低于皮下脂肪;于皮下脂肪; 红骨髓与黄骨髓分布随年龄不同而不同;红骨髓与黄骨髓分布随年龄不同而不同; 由婴儿期全红骨髓到成人型黄骨髓(由婴儿期全红骨髓到成人型黄骨髓(2525岁)发生岁)发生生理性转换,即骨髓转换;生理性转换,即骨髓转换; 从外周骨向中轴骨对称性转换;从外周骨向中轴骨对称性转换;Kricun ME. Skeletal Radiol 1985; 14:1019 颅骨颅骨2020岁以前即可完成转
3、化;岁以前即可完成转化; 颅骨骨髓转换颅骨骨髓转换3 3种信号分类及分布特点:种信号分类及分布特点: 1010岁以内,骨髓呈低信号,主要反映了红骨髓的特点;岁以内,骨髓呈低信号,主要反映了红骨髓的特点; 20-3020-30岁,额骨与枕骨均匀一致的高信号,顶骨片状低信号;岁,额骨与枕骨均匀一致的高信号,顶骨片状低信号; 大于大于3030岁,整个颅骨均匀高信号,主要反映了黄骨髓的特点;岁,整个颅骨均匀高信号,主要反映了黄骨髓的特点; I I型:均匀低信号,椎体中央带状高信号,型:均匀低信号,椎体中央带状高信号,2020岁以前;岁以前; IIII型:局灶周边型,终板及椎角高信号;型:局灶周边型,终
4、板及椎角高信号; IIIaIIIa型:模糊弥漫点状不均匀型,弥漫点片状高信号,型:模糊弥漫点状不均匀型,弥漫点片状高信号,4040岁岁以后;以后; IIIbIIIb型:清晰弥漫片状不均匀型,型:清晰弥漫片状不均匀型,4040岁以后;岁以后; Ricci C,etal. Radiology,1990. Ricci C,etal. Radiology,1990. I型 II型 IIIa型 IIIb型 A A:I I型,男,型,男, 17 17岁岁, ,骨髓信号较均匀一致;骨髓信号较均匀一致; B B:IIII型,男,型,男,1919岁岁, ,椎体中央带状花结样高信号;椎体中央带状花结样高信号; C
5、 C:IIIIII型,男,型,男,4545岁岁, ,椎体边缘、角部、后部斑点、斑片状高信号;椎体边缘、角部、后部斑点、斑片状高信号; D D:VIVI型,男,型,男, 70 70岁,椎体内弥漫分布不均匀大小不一斑点、斑片状高信岁,椎体内弥漫分布不均匀大小不一斑点、斑片状高信号。号。 国内分型欧阳凤晴欧阳凤晴, ,等等. .临床放射学杂志,临床放射学杂志,20022002 1岁以内,均匀低信号,高于肌肉,低于脂肪; 2-10岁髋臼及髂前上棘出现高信号,其余部位均匀低信号,随年龄增大,高信号增多,信号不均匀; 2岁后髋臼高信号不随年龄改变而改变;I型:髋臼处片状高信号,见于30岁以前;II型:除I
6、型信号外,在其他部位出现片状高信号,多见于40岁以后; Ricci C,etal. Radiology,1990. I型 II型 15岁 25 25岁岁 40岁 6060岁岁生后生后3 3个月开始红骨髓转换黄骨髓个月开始红骨髓转换黄骨髓, ,顺序如下:顺序如下:近侧骨骺近侧骨骺- -骨干骨干- -远侧干骺端远侧干骺端- -近侧干骺端;近侧干骺端;近端骨骺和骨干近端骨骺和骨干-6-6岁前完成;岁前完成;近侧干骺端近侧干骺端6-106-10岁红黄骨髓混杂不均匀中等信号;岁红黄骨髓混杂不均匀中等信号;1515岁后除近侧干骺端存在红骨髓外,其他部位均转换完成;岁后除近侧干骺端存在红骨髓外,其他部位均转
7、换完成;成人成人1/31/3近侧骨端完全由黄骨髓构成;近侧骨端完全由黄骨髓构成;小于小于1010岁岁10-2010-20岁岁大于大于2020岁岁5050岁岁1313岁岁 骨骺和大转子(骨骺和大转子(6-126-12月)月)- -骨干骨干- -远侧干骺端远侧干骺端- -近侧近侧干骺端;干骺端; 1010岁骨干骨髓转换完成;岁骨干骨髓转换完成; 远侧干骺端远侧干骺端10-2010-20岁信号升高明显;岁信号升高明显; 2020岁以后股骨转换完成,除近侧干骺端残留红骨岁以后股骨转换完成,除近侧干骺端残留红骨髓表现为中等信号外,其余均为高信号;髓表现为中等信号外,其余均为高信号;4040岁岁6060岁
8、岁 MRMR是目前唯一能区别红骨髓和黄骨髓的影像学检查方法;是目前唯一能区别红骨髓和黄骨髓的影像学检查方法; 骨髓转换与年龄有关系,不同年龄红黄骨髓分布存在差异;骨髓转换与年龄有关系,不同年龄红黄骨髓分布存在差异; 红骨髓转变为黄骨髓从外周向中轴骨对称性转换;红骨髓转变为黄骨髓从外周向中轴骨对称性转换; 认识骨髓信号特点及随年龄转换的规律是识别病变的基础;认识骨髓信号特点及随年龄转换的规律是识别病变的基础;女,女,2121岁,贫血岁,贫血Laurie A,etal.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:248254,2002Fig. 1 Multiple myeloma: mult
9、ifocaland diffuse patterns. A Coronal T1-weighted spin echo(SE) MR image shows innumerable tiny foci of low signal intensity on a background of fatty marrow. b Coronal T1-weighted SE MR image of a different patient shows diffuse,symmetric, low signal intensity in the marrow of proximal and mid femur
10、s, mimicking the appearance of red marrow. c Coronal fat suppressed T2weightedMR image of the left hip of the same patient as in b reveals diffuse, markedly high signal throughout the marrow, indicating the presence of marrow disease rather than red marrowSkeletal Radiol (2007) 36:10171027Fig. 2 Mul
11、tifocal Hodgkin disease,with false-negative blind marrow biopsy from the posterior ilium. Axial a, b T1-weighted and c, d corresponding fat-suppressed T2-weighted SE MR images show focal tumor deposits in marrow of the right iliac wing and left acetabulum (long arrows). Note linear biopsy tract (sho
12、rt arrows) within normal-appearing marrow of the right posterior ilium; this biopsy yielded a false-negativemarrow assessmentSkeletal Radiol (2007) 36:10171027Fig. 7 Post-radiation marrowchanges in the thoracic spine.Sagittal T1-weighted SE MRimage shows diffuse fatty marrow throughout the portion o
13、f the thoracic spine that had been included within the radiation therapy port; the most cephalad and caudad vertebrae included in the port are indicated by asterisks. Therapy was directedat spinal metastases (the largest located within the T8vertebral body)Skeletal Radiol (2007) 36:10171027Fig. 9 Ma
14、rrow infarcts afterchemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. a Sagittal T1-weighted SE MR image shows typical serpiginous rims with low signal intensity surrounding regions of fatty marrow in distal femur and proximal tibia. b Sagittal fatsuppressed T2-weighted MR image shows a double-line sign
15、 (arrow), consisting of an inner band of high signal intensity and an outer band of dark signalSkeletal Radiol (2007) 36:10171027 骨髓逆转换骨髓逆转换- -慢性贫血,地中海贫血;慢性贫血,地中海贫血; 骨髓浸润骨髓浸润- -转移瘤,骨髓瘤,白血病;转移瘤,骨髓瘤,白血病; 骨髓缺失骨髓缺失- -骨髓纤维化,化疗放疗后改变;骨髓纤维化,化疗放疗后改变; 骨髓缺血和梗死骨髓缺血和梗死- -骨梗死,股骨头坏死骨梗死,股骨头坏死 骨髓水肿骨髓水肿- -骨髓炎,骨挫伤,隐匿性骨折;骨髓炎,骨挫伤,隐匿性骨折; 谢谢 谢谢