1、普通高中教科书英语选择性必修第四册词汇表Unit 2Understanding each other(共67个生词和短语)react verb I起反应;(对)作出反应;回应 (to sth) (by doing sth)I(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏( + adv. / prep.)I(化)(物质)起化学反应;发生化学变化 (with sth) (together)react against sb / sth反对;反抗reaction noun C, U反应;回应 (to sb / sth)C, usually sing., U(对观念等的)抗拒 (against sth)C, U生理反应;
2、副作用reactions pl.反应能力C, U(化)化学反应a nuclear reaction核反应U, C(物)反(作用)力U反对;反动;阻碍gentle adj. 文静的;慈祥的;温柔的;小心的(天气、温度等)温和的;徐缓的平和的;柔和的a little gentle exercise少量温和的运动平缓的a gentle slope / curve / anglegently adv. 温柔地;温和地;文静地;和缓地Gently!注意点;小心点;慢点*encode verb 把译成电码(或密码) sth(计)把编码 sth(语言)把译成外语 sth*decode verb 解(码);破
3、译(尤指密码) sth译解(电子信号) sth(语言)译解,理解(外文) sthdecoder noun (电子信号)解码器,译码器code noun C, U密码;暗码;电码;代码C= dialling code电话区号U(计)编码C道德准则;行为规范C法典;法规mail noun U (BrE also post)邮局;邮递(系统)邮件;信件;邮包电子邮件;电邮邮报verb 邮寄 sth (to sb / sth) sb sth sb / sth(用电子)邮件发送;发电邮给 sb sth (to sb / sth) sb sthe-mail(also email)noun U电子邮件(通信
4、方式)C, U电子邮件verb T, I给发电子邮件;用电邮发送 sb sth (to sb) sb sthfeedback noun U 反馈的意见(或信息)(电器的)反馈噪音feed (sth) back (to sb)反馈,反应(信息或意见)feed back (into / to sth)反过来影响(事物的发展)competent adj. (to do sth)足以胜任的;有能力的;称职的OPP incompetent合格的;不错的;尚好的有决定权的competence nounU, C能力;胜任 (in sth) (in doing sth)U(律)(法庭、机构或人的)权限,管辖权
5、C技能;本领obtain verb T(经努力)获得,赢得 sthI(规则、制度、习俗)存在;流行;沿袭SYN applyobtainable adj. 可获得;可得到SYN availablesuit noun 西服;西装;套装a business suit(从事特定活动时穿的)成套服装a diving suit= lawsuit诉讼;起诉a divorce suitfollow suit跟着某人做;仿效某人;照着做verb 对(某人)方便;满足(某人)需要;合(某人)心意 sb / sthit suits sb to do sth(服装、颜色等)相配;合身 sb(通常用于否定句)适合;适宜
6、;有利于 sb / sthsuit yourself随自己的意愿(表示听凭对方的意愿)自便,随便suit sth to sth / sb使适合(或适应)某事物(或人)suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的 for sth / sb to do sthOPP unsuitablenegotiate verb I谈判;磋商;协商 (with sb) (for / about sth)T商定;达成(协议) sthT通过,越过(险要路段) sthnegotiation noun C, usually pl., U谈判;磋商;协商enterprise noun C公司;企业state
7、-owned enterprisesC(艰巨而重大的)规划,事业SYN ventureU企业发展;企业经营;企业活动U事业心;进取心;创业精神SYN initiateenterprising adj. 有事业心;有进取心的;有创业精神的straightforward adj. 简单的;易懂的;不复杂的SYN easy(人或行为)坦诚的;坦率的;率直的fold verb T折叠,对折(纸、织物等) sth (up) sth (back, down, over, etc.)T, I折小,叠平,可折小,可叠平(以便贮存或携带) (sth) (away / down)T包;裹 A in B B rou
8、nd / over AI(公司、戏剧等)倒闭;停演;结束fold your arms双臂交叉在胸前noun C褶;褶层;折叠部分C褶痕;褶缝;褶线the fold sing.志趣相同的人们;同一信仰的人们C(地)(地壳岩石层的)褶皱friction noun U摩擦U(物)摩擦力U, C争执;分歧;不和 (between A and B)SYN tensionclarify verb 使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清 sth what / how, etc.(通过加热黄油使)纯净,净化 sthclarification noun U, C 阐明;澄清净化knowledgeable adj. 博学的;有
9、见识的;知识渊博的 (about sth)SYN well informedknowledge nounU, sing.知识;学问;学识 of / about sthU知晓;知悉;了解*empathy noun U同感;共鸣;同情 (with sb / sth) (for sb / sth) (between A and B)put yourself in sbs shoesbe in sbs shoes处于某人的境地;设身处地if I were in your shoes(引出建议)要是我处在你的境地,换了我是你的话sympathy noun U, C, usually pl.同情to ex
10、press / feel sympathy for sb向某人表示体恤;对某人感到同情U, C, usually pl.赞同;支持U意气相投;志同道合in sympathy with sth因而出现;相应发生out of sympathy with sb / sth不赞成,不支持(某人或事物)sympathetic adj. 同情的;有同情心的;表示同情的 (to / towards sb)赞同的;支持的sympathize(BrE also -ise)verbI, T同情 (with sb / sth)+ speechI赞同;支持 with sb / sthsympathizer(BrE a
11、lso -iser)noun 赞同者;支持者account for是的说明(或原因)SYN explain解释;说明SYN explain(数量上、比例上)占account noun (abbr. a/c)账户usually pl.账目描述;叙述;报告(思想、理论、过程的)解释,说明,叙述on account of sth由于;因为on no account决不;绝对不on this / that account由于这个那个缘故take account of sthtake sth into account考虑到;顾及verb (usually passive)认为是;视为 sb / sth
12、+ adj. sb / sth + nounaccountant noun 会计;会计师*empathize verb 有同感;产生共鸣;表同情 (with sb / sth)approve verb I赞成;同意OPP disapprove of sb / sth of sb doing sth of sbs doing sthT批准,通过(计划、要求等) sthT, often passive认可;核准 sthapproval noun U赞成;同意U, C批准,通过,认可(计划、要求等) (for sth) (from sb)approving adj. 赞成的;同意的tone noun
13、 C语气;口气;腔调;口吻sing.风格;特色;气氛;情调C(乐器或电子音响设备的)音质,音色C色调;明暗;影调U(肌肉)结实度,健壮度;(皮肤)柔韧性C(打电话时听到的)声音信号C(说话的)声调,音调a rising / falling tonegain verb T获得;赢得;博得;取得 sth sb sthT, I(从中)受益,获益;得到(好处) sth (by / from sth) (by / from sth)T增加;增添;增进;增长 sthOPP loseT, I走得太快;快 (sth)OPP loseT, I增值;升值 sth against sthT(经过努力)到达 sthn
14、oun C, U(财富、重量的)增值,增加C好处;利益;改进OPP lossU利润;经济收益no pain, no gain(saying)不劳则无获*gesture noun C, U手势;姿势;示意动作C(表明感情或意图的)姿态,表示verb I, T做手势;用手势表示;用动作示意( + adv. / prep.) to sb (to do sth) for sb to do sth (to sb) (that)precisely adv. 准确地;恰好地精确地;细心地;仔细地(强调真实或明显)正是,确实(加强同意的语气)对,的确如此,一点也不错more precisely更确切地说;更严
15、格地说precise adj. 准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的SYN exact(强调时间)就;恰好细致的;精细的;认真的;一丝不苟的SYN meticulousto be (more) precise确切地说;准确地说vocabulary noun C, U (某人掌握或使用的)词汇,词汇量(某一种语言的)词汇(某学科所使用的)词汇(外语教科书中附有释义的)词汇表preference noun U, sing.偏爱;爱好;喜爱 (for sb / sth)C偏爱的事物;最喜爱的东西give (a) preference to sb / sth给以优惠;优待in preference to s
16、b / sthrather than sb / sth而不是preferential adj. 优先的;优惠的;优待的prefer verb 较喜欢;喜欢多于 sth sth + adj. to do sth sb to do sth doing sth thatjam noun U, C果酱C拥挤;堵塞be in a jam陷入困境somewhat adv. 有点;有几分;稍微SYN rather*taboo noun(pl. taboos) (against / on sth)(文化或宗教习俗方面的)禁忌,忌讳,戒律禁止;避讳taboo adj.embarrassed adj. (在社交场
17、合)窘迫的,尴尬的,害羞的 about sth at sth to do sthfinancially 拮据的;经济困难的embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的(或难堪的、惭愧的)使显得愚蠢的(或不诚实的等)embarrass verb (在社交场合)使窘迫;使尴尬 sb使困惑;使为难;使陷入困境 sbintention noun C, U打算;计划;意图;目的 (of doing sth) (to do sth) (that)intentional adj. 故意的;有意的;存心的SYN deliberate, intendedOPP unintentionalintentional
18、ly adv.unintentionally adv. 无意地;非故意地intend verb I, T打算;计划;想要 to do sth sb / sth to do sth doing sth sth sb sth thatT意指 sth (by sth) sth (as sth)SYN meanintended adj. 意欲达到的;打算的;计划的为打算(或设计)的 for sb / sth as sth to be / do sthcorrespond verbI相一致;符合 with sth to sthSYN agreeI类似于;相当于 to sthI通信 (with sb)co
19、rrespondence nounbehave verb I表现+ adv. / prep.SYN actI, T (yourself)表现得体;有礼貌-behaved表现得的tolerate verb 容忍,允许(不同意或不喜欢的事物) sth (sb / sth) doing / being / having sthSYN put up with忍受;容忍;包容 sb / sthSYN put up with(对药物)有耐受性;能经受(困难条件) sthtolerant adj. 忍受的;容忍的;宽容的 (of / towards sb / sth)(植物、动物或机器)能在困难条件下生存(
20、或操作)的;能耐的tolerable adj. 尚好的;过得去的;还可以的SYN reasonable可接受的;可忍受的;可容忍的SYN bearablekindergarten noun(from German)(especially NAmE)学前班(BrE, AustralE, NZE)= nurseryschool幼儿园recite verb T, I(对听众)背诵,吟诵;朗诵 (sth) (to sb) what+ speechT(口头)列举;逐一讲述 sth (to sb) what+ speechaccent noun 口音;腔调;土音重音SYN stress读音符号(标在字母上
21、)sing.着重点;强调SYN emphasisverb 着重;强调;突出 sthhandwriting noun U 手写;书写笔迹;书法the handwriting on the wallsee the writing on the wall(NAmE also the writing is on the wall)(看出)厄运临头的预兆,不祥之兆(see the words on the computer screen)fluent adj. (外语)流利的;通畅的;熟练的 (in sth)(外语)流利表达的(动作)流畅的;技能娴熟的fluency noun U (外语)流利,流畅熟练
22、自如,流畅cooperate verb I合作;协作 (with sb)I协助;配合 (with sb) (in / on sth)cooperation noun U 合作;协作 (with sb) (in doing sth) (between A and B)协助;配合 (in doing sth)cooperative adj. 合作的;协作的;同心协力的协助的;配合的(商)共同拥有共同经营利益共享的;合作的cite verb 提及(原因);举出(示例);列举 sth (as sth)引用;引述;援引 sthSYN quote(律)传唤;传讯 sb (for sth)嘉奖;表彰;表扬
23、sb (for sth)citation nounbroadens your mind拓展视野,开阔眼界tofu(also bean curd)noun U豆腐bacon noun U咸猪肉;熏猪肉bring home the bacon成功;挣到养家糊口的钱tank noun (贮放液体或气体的)箱,槽,罐(also tankful)箱(或桶等)所装之物;一箱(或一桶等)的量坦克golf noun U高尔夫球运动integrate verb I, T(使)合并,成为一体 into / with sth A (into / with B) A and BI, T(使)加入,融入群体 (into
24、 / with sth) sb (into / with B)integration noun U, C结合;整合;一体化U(不同肤色、种族、宗教信仰等的人的)混合,融合integrated adj. usually before noun各部分密切协调的;综合的;完整统一的*bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的用两种语言(写)的bilingual noun*kung fu noun U功夫(中国拳术)oppose verb 反对(计划、政策等);抵抗;阻挠 sb / sth (sb / sth) doing sth(在竞赛中)与对垒,与角逐 sbopposed adj. (to st
25、h)(人)强烈反对(意见、看法等)截然不同as opposed to(表示对比)而,相对于而不是opposing adj. only before noun(队组、军队、力量等)对立的;相竞争的;对抗的(态度、观点等)相反的;极不相同的intervention noun U, C出面;介入 (in sth)intervene verbI出面;介入 (in sth)T, I插嘴;打断(别人的话)( + speech)I阻碍;阻挠;干扰I(formal)介于之间pure adj. 纯的;纯净的;纯粹的pure gold / silk干净的;不含有害物质的a bottle of pure water
26、完全的;纯粹的清晰的;纯正的纯真的;无邪的;贞洁的;正派的纯理论的;非应用的血统纯的;纯种的*tribe noun 部落(尤指同一职业的)一伙(人),一帮(人),一类(人)(生)(动物或植物的)群,族大群,大帮,大批(人)reject verb 拒绝接受;不予考虑 sth拒收;不录用;拒绝接纳 sb(因质量差)不用,不出售,不出版 sth身体)排斥,排异(移植的器官) sth不够关心;慢待 sb / sthrejection noun U, Cpessimistic adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的 (about sth)OPP optimistic*Germanic adj. 德国的;德国人的;
27、有德国(或德国人)特点的日耳曼语(族)的linguist noun 通晓数国语言的人语言学家tendency noun C倾向;偏好;性情 (for sb / sth) (to do sth) (to / towards sth)C趋势;趋向 (for sb / sth) (to do sth) (to / towards sth)SYN trendtend verb I往往会;常常就 to do sthI趋向;走向;倾向;趋于 (to / towards sth)T, I照料;照管;护理 sb / sth to sb / sthT招待,侍候,照顾,照料(商店、酒吧等的顾客) sthskate
28、board noun 滑板skater noun 滑冰者;溜冰者;滑冰运动员skating noun U(also ice skating)滑冰;溜冰skate verb I, T滑冰;溜冰 sthI滑(滑板)skate over sth回避;避免涉及canteen noun 食堂;餐厅sincerely adv. 真诚地;诚实地Yours sincerely(NAmE Sincerely (yours))(正式信函署名前的套语,只用于以收信人姓名相称呼的信函)sincere adj. (感情、信念或行为)真诚的;诚挚的;诚恳的SYN genuinea sincere apology诚挚的道歉
29、(人)诚实的;坦率的 (in sth)SYN honestslip verb I滑倒;滑跤;失脚 (over)I滑落;滑离;脱落( + adv. / prep.)I悄悄疾行;溜+ adv. / prep.SYN creepT迅速放置;悄悄塞;偷偷放 sth + adv. / prep. sth to sb sb sthI下降;退步;变差I陷入,进入(困难或不愉快的处境)+ adv. / prep.I, T(迅速且容易地)穿上,脱下+ adv. / prep. sth + adv. / prep.T摆脱;挣脱;松开;放走 sth (sth) + adj.let slip sth泄露;无意中说出l
30、et sth slip (through your fingers)错过(机会);失去(机会)slip your mind被遗忘noun 差错;疏漏;纰漏纸条;便条;小纸片滑跤;滑倒;失脚(衣服)衬裙a slip of the pen / tongue笔误;口误fence noun 栅栏;篱笆;围栏(障碍赛马中的)障碍物买卖赃物者;销赃犯the grass is (always) greener on the other side (of the fence)(saying)草是那边绿;这山望着那山高mend (your) fences (with sb)解决纷争;消除隔阂sit on the fence骑墙;持观望态度verb T(用栅栏、篱笆或围栏)围住,隔开 sthI参加击剑运动I搪塞;支吾;回避 (with sb)contest noun 比赛;竞赛a talent contest新秀大奖赛(控制权或权力的)争夺,竞争 (for sth)be no contest(表示竞争中的一方过于强大或出色)完全不是对手,毫无竞争可言verb 争取赢得(比赛、选举等) sth争辩;就提出异议 sthcontestant noun 比赛者;竞争者