1、选择性必修四 Unit 3 Careers and skills一、重点单词与短语：1. salary n. 薪金，薪水 c/u（尤指按月发放的）base/basic salary底薪 an annual salary of 的年薪on a salary of 薪金额为salaried adj. 领薪水的；付给薪水的salaryman n. 白领阶层人员，白领 c辨析：salary, wage, pay, fee, income, fare与bonus的区别1) salary n.“薪金，薪水”u/c，指定期发给某人月薪。He receives a salary of 3,000 yuan.
2、他的月薪是3,000元。2) wage n.“工资，工钱，薪水，报酬 (复）”，指每日、周所发的工资或计时、计件工资。A postmans wages are60 per week. 一个邮递员的工资是每周60美元。3) pay n.“薪水，工资”u，最普通用语。特指海陆军人及其它在政府部门工作者的薪水。His job is hard work, but the pay is good. 她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。4) fee n.“手续费，薪水”，指付给律师，医师或其他专业人员的谢金，学费等。There is no entrance fee to the gallery. 这家美术馆不收门票
3、。5) income n.“收益，收入，进款”u/c。His income is well below the average. 他的收入大大低于平均水平。6) fare n.“车费，船费；飞机票价”u/c。The conductor began to collect fares. 售票员开始收车费。Fares are cheap, starting at 1yuan. 票价便宜，一元起价。7) bonus n.“奖金”，指分给员工的“奖金”。She is expecting a New Year bonus to buy a coat. 她期待着在元旦得到一笔奖金买件外套。典题赏析：1) H
4、e gets a _ plus commission. 他领取基本薪金，外加佣金。2) She is _ $ 16,000. 她的薪金是16,000美元。3) _ are _ workers. 白领是领薪水的工人。4) He gets his _ on Fridays.A. salary B. wage C. wages D. salaries5) The lawyers _ was higher than we expected.A. fare B. fee C. salary D. wage2. labo(u)r n. 劳工，工人，劳动力 u；劳动，体力劳动 u；分娩期，分娩 uvi. 努
5、力做；干苦力活labour force 劳动力 manual labour 体力劳动labour costs 劳动力成本 labour shortages 劳动力短缺labour market 劳务市场，劳动力市场 labour camp 劳改营labour exchange 职业介绍所labour movement 工人运动labour relations 劳资关系labour union 工会Labour Party 工党，劳工党Labour Day 劳工节skilled/unskilled labour 熟练/不熟练工人cheap labour 廉价劳动力labour pains 分娩时
6、的阵痛labour ward/room 产房withdraw ones labour 停工抗议be in labour 分娩go into labour 开始分娩a labour of love 为爱好而做的困难工作labour to do sth. 努力干某事labourer n. 体力劳动者，工人laboured adj. 缓慢而困难的；不自然的，费力的典题赏析：1) The workers voted to _. 工人投票决定罢工以示抗议。2) Immigrants may help to solve _.移民可以有助于解决劳动力短缺的问题。3) Meg was _ for ten ho
7、urs. 梅格分娩了十个小时。4) They laboured for years _ (clear) their sons name.他们为洗刷儿子的罪名努力争取了许多年。3. earn a/ones living 谋生earn a/ones living by/as. 通过/作为谋生earn fame/a reputation赢得名望earn ones respect=earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊重earn money赚钱earn a fortune 挣大钱典题赏析：1) I _. 我以教书为生。2) She must _. 她准是赚了大钱。3) He _
8、as an expert on tax law. 他赢得了税法专家的美名。4) As a teacher, she _ of her students. 作为教师，她赢得了学生的尊重。4. attain vt. （通常经过努力）获得，得到；达到attain ones goal 达到某人的目标attainable adj. 可达到的，可获得的attainment n. 获得，达到 u；成就，造诣 c典题赏析：1) Always believe that your goal is _ (attain) as long as you devote yourself to it.2) Chinese
9、shooter Yang Qian won the first gold of the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, _ (attain) a great victory.3) _, we need more efforts. 为了达到我们的目标，我们需要更努力。5. endeavour vi. 努力，尽力n. 努力，尝试 c/uendeavour to do sth. 努力/尽力干某事do ones best endeavours 尽最大的努力make every endeavour 尽一切努力，不遗余力典题赏析：1) I will endeavour _ (do) m
10、y best for my country.2) Please _ to arrive on time. 请尽最大的努力按时到达。5. passion n. 酷爱 c；强烈情感 c/u；盛怒，激愤 chave a passion for 酷爱fly into a passion 勃然大怒passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的passionately adv. 热诚地，狂热地典题赏析：1) The English _ gardens. 英国人酷爱花园。2) She will _ if anyone even mentions his name.哪怕是有人提到他的名字，他也会勃然大怒。3)
11、 She takes a _ (passion) interest in music.6. be fond of 喜爱典题赏析：1) More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis nowadays.7. anticipate vt. 预料；预计；期盼；先于做，早于行动anticipate doing sth. 预料/期盼干某事anticipate that. 预料/预计/预测It is anticipated that. 据预料/预计/预测anticipation n. 预料，预期，预见，预计；期盼，期望 uin anticipati
12、on of 预料，预计典题赏析：1) I didnt anticipate _ (have) to do the cooking myself.2) It is _ (anticipate) that oil price will rise soon.3) I dont anticipate it _ (be) a problem.4) The workers have called off their strike _ a pay offer.工人们预料能够得到工钱，便取消了罢工。8. superior adj. 更好的，占优势的；（级别/地位/职位）更高的；有优越感的，高傲的；质量卓越的n
13、. 级别/地位/职位更高的人，上级，上司 cbe superior to. 比更好/优越be superior in在方面占优势ones immediate superior 某人的顶头上司superiority n. 优越，优势；优越感 u类似：be junior to 比年少；比地位低be inferior to 比不上；比级别低be senior to 比年长，比地位/级别高典题赏析：1) Of the two books, I think that this one is superior _ that one.2) They finally lost the game, becaus
14、e their opponents are superior _ strength.3) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even _ (superior). 【浙江卷】9. prejudice n. 偏见，成见，歧视 c/uvt. 使有偏见，使有成见；损害，有损于have prejudice against 对有偏见to the prejudice of 对不利，有损于without prejudice 不损害其他权益；无损于合法权利prejudice s
15、b. against/in favour of sth. 使某人对产生偏见/爱prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的；反感的；偏爱的，偏心的be prejudiced against 对有偏见/反感典题赏析：1) Nowadays, western people still _ China.如今，西方人对中国仍然有偏见。2) Harry continued to smoke, _ his health.哈里继续抽烟，这不利于他的健康。3) Toms pleasant manner prejudice the jury _ his favour.4) My own schoo
16、ldays prejudiced me _all formal education.5) I dont know why they are all so _ (prejudice) against the idea.10. operate vt. 操作，使运行；经营，管理；使生效，使实施vi. 运转，工作；经营，营业；动手术；起作用，奏效operate on sb. for sth. 因给某人做手术operate as 起作用，作用operation n. 手术 c；运转，操作；作用，效力 udo/perform an operation on 给做手术come into operation
17、开始工作，开始生效putinto operation 实施，启用，使运转in operation 工作中，使用中，有效operating adj. 操作的，工作的，外科手术的operating room/theatre 手术室 operating system 操作系统 operating table 手术台operator n. 操作者，手术员典题赏析：1) The surgeons operated _Anne _ a tumour yesterday.2) The word “onward” can operate _ an adjective and an adverb.3) Once
18、 the boy was rushed to hospital, he _ (operate) on by the best doctor at once.4) She is going to have an emergency _ (operate) on her knee.5) The Act will _ later this year. 这项法令将于今年晚些时候实施。6) It is time to _. 现在应该执行我们的计划了。11. hire vt. & vi. 聘用，录用，雇用；租用，租借 (反：fire)n. 新雇员 c；租借 uhire sb. to do sth. 雇用某
19、人干某事hire out 出租hire oneself out to sb. 为某人工作；受雇于/受聘于（某人）for hire 供出租on hire (from)（从）出租辨析：hire, rent与employ的区别1) hire 可指雇人，也可指租用车船、服装等物，多指临时雇用。2) rent 指租用场地、房屋、土地等，既可是长期的，也可是临时的。只指物，不指人。3) employ 指雇用人，聘请人，带有长期性，只指人，不指物。They hired a boat yesterday. 昨天他们雇了一条船。 She rented me a room. 她为我租了一个房间。We employ
20、 him as an adviser. 我们雇用他当顾问。典题赏析：1) They hired a firm of consultants _ (design) the new system.2) This hotel is _ hire for weddings and other functions.3) This is a little company that _ boats to tourists. 这是一家向游客出租游船的小公司。4) He _ whoever needed his services. 他以前打过短工。5) The crane is _a construction
21、company. 吊车是从一家建筑公司租来的。12. weigh up 权衡，斟酌，认真考虑（某事）；形成对的看法，品评，评估（某人）weigh on (sb./sth.) 使焦虑不安，加重的思想负担weigh down 使烦恼，使焦虑，使忧心忡忡；压弯，压下，压倒（常被动）weigh out 称出weigh ones words 推敲，斟酌字句weight n. 体重 u；重量 c/u；杠铃片 cput on/gain weight 体重增加，发胖lose weight 减肥by weight 按重量计算watch ones weight 控制体重weighty adj. 重的，沉重的；严重
22、的，重要的，重大的weightless adj. 无重量的；失重的典题赏析：1) She _ all the evidence. 她慎重地考虑了所有的证据。2) I cant quite _. 我有点看不透玛丽。3) I am sure there is something _ his mind. 我肯定他有心事。4) The responsibility of the job are _. 这项工作的责任压得她喘不过气来。5) It is easy to _, but it is quite difficult to _.增加体重容易，但是减肥就很困难了。6) Bananas are sol
23、d _ weight and these bananas are about 50 kilos _ weight.13. put.on the line/at risk 让处于危险之中典题赏析：1) Firefighters do a job that often requires them _.消防员在执行任务中时常命悬一线。14. loan n. 贷款，借款；借出 cvt. 借出，贷与（尤指钱）take out a loan 借款 repay a loan 偿还贷款 bank loan 银行贷款 student loan 学生贷款give sb. the loan of sth. 借给某人
24、某物on loan（画或书等）暂借（的）loan sb. sth.=loan sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人典题赏析：1) It took me three years _. 我花了三年的时间才还清我的学生贷款。2) I even _ my car. 我甚至把车也借给了她。3) Can you _? 你能借给我5美元吗？4) The book I wanted was out _. 我要的书借出去了。15. qualification n. 资格，资历 (for) c；学历，合格证明 c；合格，达到标准，获得资格 uacademic/educational/professional/v
25、ocational qualifications学术/教育/专业/职业资历 a teaching qualification 教学资格证书 a teachers qualification 教师资格证paper qualifications 书面资格证明，文凭acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格qualify vi.& vt. 取得资格，合格；使合格，使具备资格；有权，使有权；达标，获得参赛资格；符合，配得上qualify as 取得的资格qualify for 有资格/有权获得qualify
26、sb. for sth./to do sth. 使某人有资格/胜任qualified adj. 有资格的，合格的，胜任的be qualified for 对有资格，符合的条件be qualified to do sth. 有资格干某事be qualified as 有资格当典题赏析：1) He has been informed that he doesnt qualify_ the scholarship because of his academic background.【江苏卷】2) He qualified _ a doctor last year.3) He is _ (quali
27、fy) to teach in elementary school, but not in high school.4) Eva had excellent academic _ (qualify), but no work experience.5) This training course will _ you _ a better job.本培训课程将使你能胜任更好的工作。6) Knowledge alone doesnt _ you _.仅凭知识并非你就有资格教书。16. swing vi. & vt. （使）改变；（使）摆动，摇摆 (swung-swung)n. 改变；摆动；秋千 c
28、swing into action 立即行动起来，马上大干起来swing for the fences 全力一搏，迎难而上swing by 短暂拜访；看望某人一下典题赏析：1) Within 24 hours, the rescue workers _ and emergency supplies reached the victims. 在24小时内，救援人员就开始行动起来，灾民们收到了应急物资。2) I will _ your house on the way home from work.下班回家路过时我会到你家一下。3) The children are playing _in the
29、 park.孩子们在公园里荡秋千。17. label n. 标签；（不恰当的）称谓，绰号；唱片公司 cvt. 贴标签于；（尤指不公正地）把称为on the label 在标签上label.as. 把称为label sb./sth.+adj. 把标为，称呼为典题赏析：1) The washing instructions are _. 洗涤说明在标签上。2) His former colleagues _ him _ a traitor.他以前的同事称他为叛徒。3) The file _ “Top Secret”. 该文件被标为“绝密”。18. gain the upper hand 处于有利地
30、位，有优势gain ones respect/trust 赢得某人的尊重/信任gain experience/fame/independence/support获得经验/名声/独立/支持gain weight 体重增加gain (.) from/by. 从中受（）益There is nothing to be gained from/by. 干是无济于事的。gain access to 进入（建筑物）；得以见到（某人），得以使用（某物）No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获A fall into a pit, a gain in ones wit. 吃一堑长一智。典题赏析：1) T
31、he home team was beginning to _. 主队正开始占上风。2) After _ in 1957, it was renamed “Ghana”.1957年获得独立后，它改名为“加纳”。3) It was the better-educated women who gained most _ this expansion of opportunities.受过良好教育的妇女在这次机遇的增加中受益最多。19. prior adj. 在前的，先前的；优先的，占先的，较重要的prior warning/notice/discussion/engagement/agreemen
32、t/arrangement 预先警告/通知/讨论/约会/协议/安排(be) prior to 在之前priority n. 优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情 c；优先，优先权，重点 ua top/high/low priority 应予最优先考虑的事/非常重要的事/不重要的事have/take/get priority (over) 享有优先权 (=be given priority)prioritize vt. 按重要性排列，划分优先顺序典题赏析：1) Please give us _ if you need an evening meal. 需用晚餐者，请预先通知我们。2) All the
33、arrangements should be completed _ your departure.所有安排都应在你离开前完成。3) Guests can relax in the lounge prior to _ (enter) the theatre.4) Education is _. 教育是当务之急。5) The search for a new vaccine will _ all other medical research.研制新的疫苗将排在其他一切医学研究之前。20. delay n. 延迟的时间 c；延期，耽搁 c/uvi. & vt. 延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延a del
34、ay of 的延误/耽搁without delay 毫无耽搁，立刻，马上delay doing sth. 推迟干某事典题赏析：1) _, I called to thank her. 我立刻打电话向她道谢。2) After _ three hours, we continued our journey.耽搁三个小时后，我们继续旅行。3) Research shows that the older people are less likely to delay _ (do) their work until the last minute.21. duration n. 持续时间，期间 ufor
35、 the duration (of) 直到结束，在整个期间during prep. 在期间典题赏析：1) The school was used as a hospital _ the war.战争期间这所学校用作医院。22. rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的；突然的，猛烈的be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁It is rude to do sth. 干某事是粗鲁的/不礼貌的in rude health 非常健康，十分健壮rudeness n. 粗鲁，无礼 urudely adv. 粗鲁地，无礼地；突然地，猛烈地典题赏析：1) Why are you so rude _ you
36、r mother?2) It is rude _ (speak) when you are eating.3) “What do you want?” she asked _ (rude).23. justify vt. 对作出解释，为辩解；证明正确justify doing sth. 为做某事辩护/找理由justify oneself to sb. 向某人就某事为自己辩护justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的be justified in doing sth. 有理由干某事典题赏析：1) It is hard to justify _ (make) everyone wait
37、 for so long.2) Under the circumstances, the principal was _ (justify) in expelling this student.3) The Prime Minister has been asked to _ the decision _Parliament.首相被要求就这一决定向议会解释。4) Im in charge here; I dont have to _.这里归我管，我没有必要为我的行为向你解释。24. relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的be relevant to 与有关“和有关”
38、的短语有：be related to; be linked to/with; be connected/associated with;be involved in; have something to do withrelevance n. 关联，切题；意义 uhave relevance to 与有关relevantly adv. 有关联地，切题地典题赏析：1) There is no doubt that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant _ our daily life.2) Topics for compositions sho
39、uld have _ (relevant) to the experiences and interests of the students.3) Closely associated _ the Spring Festival, jiaozi, a kind of famous Chinese food, is very popular with many people in some Western countries.4) We need to examine all the costs involved _ the project first.25. infer vt. 推断，推论，推
40、理infer.from. 从中推断出It can be inferred that. 可推断出典题赏析：1) When we come across new words in reading, try to infer the word meaning _ the context.2) From the passage it can _ (infer) that the author has a positive attitude to the matter.26. convey vt. 表达，传递；传送，运送，输送convey.to. 把传达给/运送给典题赏析：1) A good teacher must know how to _ his ideas _ his stu
