1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性 必修四Unit 4 Never too old to learn 1. *auditory /dtri/ adj. 听的，听觉的（43）2. *verbal /vb()l/ adj. 言语的，文字的，口头的（43）【原句背诵】AuditoryAuditory learners learn best when information is presented in a verbal manner such as when the teacher talks to the class. They often use listening and speaking skil
2、ls to sort information. 【联想拓展】auditory sensation 听觉auditory nerve 听觉神经verbal communication 语言通信verbal ability n. 言语能力；语言能力non verbal 非用言语的verbally adv. 口头地，非书面地；用言辞地verbalize vi. 累赘；唠叨；以言语表述; vt. 使变成动词；用言语表达verbalization n. 以言语表现；冗长；变成动词3. blank /blk/ adj. 空白的 n. 空白处，空格（44）4. composition /kmpzn/ n.
3、构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲（44）【原句背诵】When I drew a still life, it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves. 【联想拓展】blank space 空白区 blank cheque 空白支票a blank CD 空白光盘 go blank 变成空白fill in the blanks 填空；在空白处填写
4、the chemical composition of the soil 土壤的化学成分to study composition 学习作曲艺术one of Beethovens finest compositions 贝多芬最优美的音乐作品之一compose v. 组成，构成；作曲【熟词生义】blank adj. 没表情的；不理解的；不感兴趣的Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about. 史蒂夫显得很迷惑，说不知道我在说什么。Suddenly my mind went blank (= I could
5、not remember anything). 我脑子里突然一片空白。【经典例句】Sign your name in the blank space below. 把名字签在下面的空白处。 Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side blank. 写在纸的一面，把另一面空出来。If you cant answer the question, leave a blank. 如果回答不了问题，就空着它。Mozarts compositions are undoubtedly among the worlds greatest. 莫
6、扎特的作品无疑位列于世界上最伟大的作品之中。Television has transformed the size and social composition of the audience at great sporting occasions. 电视改变了大型体育赛事观众的数量及其社会构成。We had to write a composition on the subject My Pet. 我们得就“我的宠物”这个主题写一篇作文。5. educator /eduket(r)/ n. 教育家；教育工作者（44）6. Confucius /knfjus/ n. 孔子（44）【原句背诵】A
7、lso, as the great educator Confucius stated, “When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know itthat is wisdom.”【联想拓展】educationalist n. 教育家；教育工作者educate v. （在学校）教育；教导，培养；教导，培养; vi. 教育；训练education n. （尤指学校）教育；培养，训练；教育机构，教育界人士；教
8、育学；有教益的经历educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的Confucianism n. U儒家，儒学；孔子学说7. bound /band/ adj. 一定会，很可能会；有义务做（44） be bound to 一定会，很有可能（44）【原句背诵】Consequently, you will be exposed to many new ideas, beliefs, practices and learning experiences. Furthermore, the production of knowledge is bo
9、und to grow rapidly. 【联想拓展】be bound to do/be 一定会；很可能会be bound (by sth) (to do sth) 受（法律、义务或情况）约束（必须做某事）；有义务（做某事）be bound (for.) 正旅行去（某地）；准备前往（某地）inbound adj. 入境的；回内地的 outbound adj. 出站；向外去的【经典例句】There are bound to be price increases next year. 明年价格必然会上涨。There are bound to be changes when the new syst
10、em is introduced. 引进新系统后一定会发生变化。Ill show it to Benjamin. Hes bound to know. 我要让本杰明瞧瞧，他该知道。You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month. 按照合同规定，你必须在月底前付款。 The ship was bound for Italy. 这艘船是开往意大利的。8. keep pace with与步调一致；与并驾齐驱（45）【原句背诵】New knowledge is constantly being generated and
11、 what you already know is being revised all the time, to the extent that it can be difficult to keep pace with the latest developments. 【联想拓展】to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace 以稳定的徐缓的悠闲的步子出发with/at the rapid pace of 以速度 set the pace v. 领先；起领头作用；定速度go through ones paces/show ones paces 展示自
12、己的能力【经典例句】With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders. 还有4圈要跑，他与那些领先者并驾齐驱。The earnings of the average American have failed to keep pace with the rate of inflation. 一般美国人的收入跟不上通货膨胀的速度。In this age of information, those who cant use a computer cant keep pace with time. 在这个信息时代，不会用电脑的人就跟不上时代步伐。9
13、. resolve /rzlv/ vt.&vi. 解决；表决；决心，决定 n. 决心，坚定的信念（45）【原句背诵】Indeed, you may one day do jobs that do not yet exist, use technologies that are not yet developed and resolve problems that are not yet problems!【联想拓展】to resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis 解决问题争端冲突危机resolve (on sth/on doing sth)
14、决心；决定a resolve (to do sth) 决心；坚定的信念【同义词】当resolve意思是“解决”时，同义词可用settle；当其意思是“决心，决定”时，同义词可用用decide, determine等。【经典例句】We must find a way to resolve these problems before its too late. 我们必须找到一个办法去解决这些问题,不然就太晚了。Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧。 He resolved not to te
15、ll her the truth. 他决定不告诉她真相。 We had resolved on making an early start. 我们已经决定早点动身。Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue. 什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。10. refresh /rfre/ vt.&vi. 更新；使恢复精力；使想起（45）【原句背诵】This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing
16、your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial. 【联想拓展】refresh oneself with 可以提神；清醒头脑refresh ones memory 提醒；提示；使想起refreshment n. 茶点，点心（refreshments）；食物和饮料；恢复活力，焕发精神refreshing adj. 提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的refresher n. 可提神的人或物；补习课程；清凉饮料refreshment n. 茶点，点心（refreshments）；食物和饮料；恢复活力，焕发
17、精神【经典例句】He refreshed himself with a cool shower. 他冲了个凉水澡凉快凉快。 There is a hypothesis that we sleep so that our brain can repair and refresh itself. 有一种假设是，我们睡觉是为了让大脑自我修复和更新。Many view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and refresh friendship. 很多人把这些聚会看作是交流思想、重叙友情的机会。Reading through your note
18、s before the exam can refresh your memory. 考试前通读一遍你的笔记可以帮你回忆学过的知识。11. objective /bdektv/ adj. 客观的；客观存在的；宾格的 n. 目标，目的（45）12. criticiz(s)e /krtsaz/ vt.&vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价（45）【原句背诵】Lifelong learners are those who have an open mind. Be objective and make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas. Do not c
19、riticize them or reject them simply because they differ from what you know or believe.【联想拓展】an objective analysis/assessment/report 客观的分析评价报告objective criteria/reality 客观标准/现实ultimate objective 最终目标；最极目标objectively adv. 客观地 objectiveness n. 客观性criticize sb/sth (for sth) 批评；批判；挑剔；指责critic n. 批评家，评论家；
20、爱挑剔的人critical adj. 批判的，爱挑剔的；极其重要的，关键的；严重的，危急的criticism n. 批评，批判；意见；评论，评价【同/反义词】objective作形容词时，反义词可用subjective adj. 个人的；主观的；主格的；作名词时，同义词可用goal, target等。【经典例句】You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself. 你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标。The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on o
21、ur plans. 这次会议的主要目的是进一步介绍我们的计划。 I find it difficult to be objective where hes concerned. 只要涉及他，我就难以做到保持客观。 Dont criticize people behind their back! 不要在别人背后批评他们！His mother had rarely criticized him or any of her other children. 他母亲很少批评他或她的其他孩子。The decision was criticized by environmental groups. 这个决定
22、受到了环保团体的批评。 The government has been criticized for not taking the problem seriously. 政府因没有认真对待这个问题而受到指责。【链接高考】（2017北京卷）If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real wor
23、ld as the chessboard. 如果我们不小心，我们可能会面对一场全球性的国际象棋比赛，对手是非常坚定的、超级智能的机器，它们的目标与我们的目标相冲突，而现实世界就是棋盘。 （2015上海卷）Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. 有些人本质政治性强，批评教会和政府。 13. inquire /nkwa(r)/ vt.&vi. 询问，打听（45）【原句背诵】At the same time, you need to develop critical thinking skills s
24、o that you do not blindly accept new ideas. Instead, you should inquire further to assess the truth of what you are being told. 【联想拓展】inquire=enquire v. 询问，打听；问好，问候；求见（某人），要求与某人谈话；调查，查究inquire (about sb/sth) 询问；打听inquire into 调查，探究inquire for 求见；要找inquire after v. 问候；询问起inquire sth of sb 向某人打听（或询问、了
25、解）inquirer n. 调查者；询问者【经典例句】He called them several times to inquire about job possibilities. 他给他们打了几次电话打听就业的可能性。Inspectors were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the company. 检查员被派去调查该公司的事务。They determined to inquire thoroughly into the matter. 他们决定彻底调查这件事。14. register /redst(r)/ vt.&vi. 登记，注册
26、 n. 语体风格，语域；登记表（45）15. subscribe /sbskrab/ vi. 定期订购（或订阅等）（45） subscribe to定期订购（或订阅等）；同意，赞成（45）【原句背诵】Secondly, take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learningfor example, you could register online and subscribe to e-learning courses, which have become increasingly popular in recent years.【联想拓展】
27、to register (at/for/with sth)/sth (in sth)/(sb) as sth 登记；注册to register a birth/marriage/death 登记出生结婚死亡to register a company/trademark 注册公司商标register for 注册；选课call the register 点名hotel register 住宿登记；旅客登记簿subscriber n. 订购者，订阅人，订户；消费者，用户【同义词（组）】subscribe to表示“同意，赞成”时，可用词组believe in。【经典例句】The ship was
28、registered in Panama. 这艘船是在巴拿马注册的。 In order to register a car in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it. 在日本要想登记一辆汽车，车主必须要有停车的地方。China has registered a protest over foreign intervention. 中国对外国干涉正式提出了抗议。The essay suddenly switches from a formal to an informal register. 这篇短文的语体风格突然从正式转为非正式。My
29、 main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of（了解最新情况）advances in science. 我订阅新科学家的主要原因是要跟上科学的进步。Ive personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other. 我个人从未持有过一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are
30、 unsuitable as teachers. 当局不再支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. 如果存储中有三行，延迟将在不同的寄存器中随机发生。（2021浙江卷）Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front wi
31、th the next available register. 让所有的顾客排成蜿蜒的长队，用下一个可用的收银台为前面的每个人服务。 16. concrete /kkrit/ adj. 确定的，具体的；有形的，实在的 n. 混凝土（45）【原句背诵】Finally, understand that it is not sufficient to simply know something or to understand what you know, because for knowledge to have concrete value, it must be applied. 【联想拓展】
32、concrete evidence/proposals/proof 确凿的证据；具体的建议；确实的证明a concrete floor 混凝土地面in the concrete 实际上，具体的concretely adv. 具体地concreteness n. 具体；具体性；确实【经典例句】 I had no concrete evidence. 我当时没有明确而具体的证据。There were no concrete proposals on the table. 没有提交讨论的具体提议。The posts have to be set in concrete. 这些柱子必须固定在混凝土中。
33、【链接高考】（2019天津卷）I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. 我喜欢事实，那些具体的东西。 我认为任何抽象的东西都会留下太多争论的余地。 （2014福建卷）As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the conc
34、rete. 我们离开时，发现就在几分钟前，一位老妇人在入口处跌倒，头部撞在混凝土上。 17. comprehension /kmprhenn/ n. 理解力，领悟能力；理解练习（45）【原句背诵】Importantly, after its application, there must then follow a review process of analysis, evaluation and improvement so that your comprehension of the world becomes a continuous process. 【联想拓展】speech and
35、 comprehension 说话能力和理解力a listening comprehension 听力练习 a reading comprehension 阅读理解练习comprehend v. 理解，领悟；包括，包含comprehensive adj. 综合性的，全面的；有理解力的; n. 综合中学；专业综合测验comprehensively adv. 包括地；包括一切地comprehensible adj. 可理解的【经典例句】This was utterly beyond her comprehension. 这完全超出了她的理解力。His behaviour was completel
36、y beyond comprehension (= impossible to understand) . 他的举止完全令人费解。She had no comprehension of what was involved. 她不明白所涉及的事情。 18. cease /sis/ vi.&vt. 停止，终止，结束（45）19. self-worth /self w/ n. 自我价值感（45）【原句背诵】In summary, in a world of constant change, one should never cease to learn. Lifelong learning will
37、 help you develop your skills and further your career, and will boost your sense of self-worth and keep your mind active. 【联想拓展】cease to do/doing sth（使）停止，终止，结束wonders will never cease（表示惊喜）真是无奇不有，怪事何其多without cease 不停地，不断地achieve self-worth 实现自身价值【经典例句】They voted to cease strike action immediately.
38、 他们投票决定立即停止罢工。I will never cease to chase after my dream. 我永远不会停止追逐梦想。You should cease worrying about things that are beyond the power of our will. 你不要担心那些超出我们意志力范围的事。Try not to link your sense of self-worth to the opinions of others. 尽量不要将你的自我价值感和别人的意见联系起来。【链接高考】（2015江苏卷）If men insisted on being fr
39、ee from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. 如果人们坚持要摆脱自力更生和为共同利益承担责任，他们将不再享有自由。20. *inductive /ndktv/ adj. 归纳的，归纳法的（47）21. reasoning /rizn/ n. 推理，理性的观点，论证（47）【原句背诵】Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning, a
40、lso known as the scientific model. 【联想拓展】inductive reasoning 计数 归纳推理；归纳法induction n. 电磁 感应；归纳法；感应现象inductive adj. 数 归纳的；电 感应的；诱导的 inductively adv. 归纳地，诱导地logical reasoning 逻辑推理 reasoning ability 推理能力reason v. 推理；推论；推断reason sth out 通过思考想出对策 reason with sb 和某人讲道理；规劝【经典例句】Their reasoning was based on
41、a set of unstated assumptions. 他们的推理是以一系列未说明的假定为基础的。The test has scores for verbal skills, mathematical skills, and abstract reasoning skills. 该项测试对文字表达技能、数学技能和抽象推理技能进行记分。22. abstract /bstrkt/ adj. 抽象的，纯理论的 vt. 把抽象出，提取（47）【参考词条16】【原句背诵】In other words, it is a way to proceed from the particular to th
42、e general, from the specific to the abstract. 【联想拓展】abstract knowledge/principles 理论知识；抽象原理an abstract work of art 抽象派艺术作品in the abstract 抽象地；理论上；概括地abstract sth (from sth) 把抽象出；提取；抽取；分离【反义词】specific adj. 明确的，具体的；特定的 concrete adj. 确实的，具体的；实在的【熟词生义】abstract作名词时，还有“摘要，概要”的意思。 It might also be necessar
43、y to supply an abstract of the review of the literature as well. 可能也有必要提供这篇文学评论的摘要。【经典例句】The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms. 研究表明，学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract. 我们尽可谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。His abstracts are hel
44、d in numerous collections. 他的抽象画被纳入到很多收藏中。She abstracted the main points from the argument. 她把论证概括成要点。【链接高考】（2019天津卷）I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. 我喜欢事实，那些具体的东西。 我认为任何抽象的东西都会留下太多争论的余地。 23. *swan /swn/ n. 天鹅（47）24. assumption /sm
45、pn/ n. 假定，假设（47）【原句背诵】Before the first black swan was seen, the assumption was that all swans were white. This is known as the “black swan theory”. 【联想拓展】on the assumption that 假设fundamental assumption n. 基本假定assume v. 假定，假设，认为；装出，做出【经典例句】We need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of Western
46、 philosophy. 我们有必要向西方哲学的某些基本假设提出质疑。 We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此作出安排。It was impossible to make assumptions about peoples reactions. 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal. 他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。【链接高考】（201
47、9江苏卷）A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers. 一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。（2015浙江卷）When serious illness visits your household, its not just your daily rout
48、ine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. 当严重疾病落到你的家人身上时，你的日常生活和你对未来的设想再也不是你熟悉的那个样子了。 25. domain /dmen; dmen/ n. 领域，范围；领土；域（47）【原句背诵】Therefore, we should (8) keep pace with new developments in all domains of knowledge”black swans” can change history. 【链接高考】public domain
49、公共域；公有土地domain knowledge 领域知识digital domain 数字领域cognitive domain 认知领域【经典例句】Physics used to be very much a male domain. 物理学曾在很大程度上是男性的领域。The care of older people is being placed firmly within the domain of the family. 照顾老人仍然被确认为是家庭范围的事。The Spice Islands were within the Spanish domains. 香料群岛曾是西班牙的领地。2
50、6. *vocational /vkenl/ adj. 职业的，业务知识的（48）27. occupation /kjupe()n/ n. 工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用（48）【原句背诵】Vocational education is not a new idea. It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace. 【联想拓展】vocationa
