Unit 4 Exploring poetry grammarppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册.rar

Unit4Grammar非谓语总结目录CONTENTS01Introduction02Analyzing & Exercises03Summary PART.01Introduction Review doingdoing done to do(to) doWh- to doWhat are the main types of non-finite verbs?不定式动名词分词Review 1.TheaimoftheRomanticswastobreakwiththeideasofthe18thcentury2.theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;3.Duringthattime,Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.4.Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetoworklonghours.5.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.6.Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.7.Asaresult,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.8.Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.Analyzing the sentencesReview 主主S S宾宾OO表表P P定定Attr.Attr.状状A A补补C C不定式不定式 动动名名词词 分词分词 PART.02Analyzing Analyzing主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 补语补语不定式不定式 动动名名词词 分词分词 Analyzing: subject(get)uplateisalazyhabit.(get)uplatetomorrowwillcausebadresult.(say)iseasy,buttodoishard.Whenandwhere(hold)themeetingisnotknownyet.经常性的、习惯性的动作-泛指动名词具体的、特定的行为 -特指不定式GettingTogetTosaytohold注:有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定式，要么都用动名词。Eg.Toseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.Analyzing: subject当主语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。1. It is + adj./n + for sb.+ to do sth. (形容事物的性质)2. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. (形容人的品质)3. It takes (sb.) some time to dodoing 固定句式1. Its no use/no good/great fun doing sth.2. Its a waste of time/money doing sth.3. There is no point/ no use doing sth.To do 固定句式Analyzing: subject动名词的复合结构（somebodys doing或somebody doing） 动名词前面带上自己的逻辑主语便构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格来充当。 当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格或物主代词表示。His/Toms being late made the teacher angry. Him /Tom being late made the teacher angry.正确Analyzing: subject动名词的复合结构（somebodys doing或somebody doing） 动名词前面带上自己的逻辑主语便构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格来充当。 作宾语/表语时，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格代替。如：Do you mind my opening the door?I cant imagine Marys marrying such a young man.=me =Mary 1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.ExposedB.havingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed3. To answer correctly is more important than _.A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly4. _ now seems impossible.A.SavingmoneyB.TosavemoneyC.BeingsavedmoneyD.Tobesavedmoney5. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had6. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle.A. AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing7. What caused the party to be put off? _ the invitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.TomsdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedtosend8. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling9. _ the homework made his father lose his temper. A.TheboysnothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.TheboyshavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone10. It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A.useB.helpC.timeD.way注：what在问问句中作主语时语时 ，常用动动名词词短语语来回答11. Its no use _ without taking action.A.complain B.complainingC.beingcomplained D.tobecomplained12. It took a long time for connection between temperature and illness _.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade13. It was polite _ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman.A.forB.ofC.toD.with14. Is it necessary _ the book immediately?A.forhimtoreturnB.thathereturnsC.hisreturningD.ofhimtoreturn15. Nothing is so easy as parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. A.of B.toC.byD.forAnalyzing主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 补语补语不定式不定式 动动名名词词 分词分词 Analyzing: object有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语ask/care (请,要), attempt/intend/plan/manage(试图,打算), want/choose/decide/determine (决定,要), desire/wish/hope/expect (希望), afford(付得起), apply(申请), agree(同意), help(帮助), fail(未能), learn(学习), offer(愿意), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝,谢绝), promise(答应)等等。Analyzing: object有些动词以及动词短语只能跟动名词作宾语advise/suggest (建议), allow/permit (允许), fancy/imagine (设想), forbid/prohibit (禁止), prevent/stop (阻止), forgive/pardon (原谅), admit(承认), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考虑), delay(推迟), deny(否认), discuss(讨论), dislike(不喜欢), enjoy(喜爱), escape(逃脱), excuse(原谅), finish(完成), give up(放弃), keep(保持), mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(没赶上), practice(练习), put off(推迟), risk(冒险)be addicted to(沉溺于;对上瘾), devote oneself to/be devoted to(献身于做某事/专心致力于做某事), be equal to(等于做某事,能胜任做某事), object to/have an objection to/be opposed to (反对做某事), reduce sb. to(使某人沦为做某事), pay attention to(注意做某事), be used to/be accustomed to(习惯于做某事), get down to(开始做某事,认真处理某事), look forward to(盼望做某事), come/be+ near/close to(几乎做某事,差点就做某事), in addition to(除做某事之外), key to(做某事的关键), make contributions to(对作贡献), when it comes to(谈到时), on ones way to(在的途中), stick to(坚持), contribute to/lead to (有助于)Analyzing: object有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词forget/remember doing 记得/忘了以前曾经做的事 forget/remember to do 记得/忘记去做（还未做）regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔 regret to do 遗憾做某事（未做）mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着 try to do 尽力作某事try doing 尝试着做某事 want / need/ require/deserve doing sth. 表示被动等于want/need/require/deserve to be donelike/ hate doing 经常性的like/ hate to do 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do 被用来做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事cant help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事stop doing 停止正在做着的某事 stop to do 停下来做别的事情(to do是目的状语)go on doing 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着干别的事情Analyzing: object其他用法1.except,but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to，否则要带to2.介词后跟动名词做宾语：feellike(想要),giveup(放弃),spend/wastetime/money(in)(浪费时间/金钱做),havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)(在方面有困难),befondof(喜欢),betiredof(厌烦),beworthyof(beingdone)1. We asked _ to work in the countryside.A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending2. There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered3. I expected _ your friend, but my car broke down on the way.A.Illmeet B.meetingC.tomeetingD.tomeet4. She told me that she had decided _ again.A.benotlateB.notbelateC.nottobelateD.tobenotlate5. Almost everyone fails _ on the first try.A.inpassinghisdriverstestB.topasshisdriverstestC.tohavepassedhisdriverstestD.passinghisdriverstest6. The two weavers pretended _ very hard, though they did nothing at the looms.A.workB.workingC.tobeworkedD.tobeworking7. When he got off the train, it happened _.A.torainB.toberainingC.rainingD.toraining8. I didnt _ it until you had explained how.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedone D.managedoing9. The young driver offered _ the patient out of the car.A.tohandB.handingC.handsD.wouldhand10. The white horse refused _ the stone wall.A.itsjumpingB.tojumpC.jumpingupD.tojumpat11. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.youtocallB.youcall C.yourcalling D.yourecalling12. She enjoys _ light music.A.tohearB.hearingC.listeningtoD.tolistento13. You can keep the book until you _.A.havefinishedreading B.finishtoreadC.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread14. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home.A.leftB.beingleftC.tobeleftD.leaving15. If you keep _ English, you can learn English well.A.practicingspeakB.practicingspeakingC.practicingtospeakD.topractisespoken16. We are considering _ a new plan.A.making B.beingmadeC.tomake D.tohavemade17. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch18. Can you imagine yourself _ on a desert island?A.stayingB.stayC.havestayedD.beingstayed19. We can understand why he avoids _ to us.A.tospeakB.speechC.havingspoken D.speaking20. Please excuse my _ in without _.A.come,askingB.coming,askingC.tocome,beingasked D.coming,beingasked21. Why have they delayed _ the new school?A.opening B.toopenC.havingopenedD.tohaveopened22. She _ the key.A.admittedtakingB.admittedtake C.admittedhavingtakenD.admittedtohavetaken23. As a new driver, I have to practice _ the car in my small garage again and again.A.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park24. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold25. Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy26. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.AtobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking27. -“Did you close the door?” -“Yes, I remember _ it.”A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed28. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked29. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming.A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing30. Henry always forgets things he has done. Yesterday he forgot _ and looked for it everywhere.A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterpostedC.tohavepostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter31. My brother regretted _ a lecture given by Professor Liu.A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissed32. I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming33. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _ a break for an hour.A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking34. The teacher told the students to stop _ to him.A.towriteandlistenB.writingandlisteningC.towriteandlisteningD.writingandtolisten35. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing36. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived37. You didnt hear us come in last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy.A.tobenotB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot38. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _.A.tocutB.tobecutitC.cuttingD.beingcut39. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired40. These young trees require _ carefully.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedatD.lookingfor41. The sentence wants _ once more.A.toexplainB.explainingC.beingexplainedD.tobeexplainedit42. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside yet.A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living43. A very well-known person _ in this house.A.isusedtoliveB.usedtoliveC.isusedtoliving D.usedtoliving44. Missing the train means _ for an hour.A.towaitB.tobewaitedC.beingwaitedD.waiting45. I meant _ you, but I was so busy.A.tocallonB.callingonC.tocallat D.callingat46. I know its not important, but I cant help about it.A.tothinkB.andthinkC.thinkingD.beingthought47. Im busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework.A.preparing,doingB.preparing,todoC.toprepare,doingD.toprepare,todo48. There is nothing to do except _ till it stops raining.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits49. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy50. It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee51. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen52. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting53. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.A.attackingB.havingattacked C.beingattacked D.havingbeenattackedAnalyzing主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 补语补语不定式不定式 动动名名词词 分词分词 Analyzing: predicative1. 动名词做表语：表明主语的性质和特征/经常性 不定式做表语: 具体、特定、未来 aim/ purpose/ intention/ plan/ wish/ decision/ choice/needHisjobis(collect)folksongs.Asfriends,ourdutyis(care)abouteachother.Herwishis(become)alawyer.Yourtasktodayis(wash)thecurtains.Sheis(return)nextweek.collectingcaringtobecometowashtoreturnAnalyzing: predicative2. 现在分词做表语：令人的 过去分词做表语: 感到的注意：动词不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to1. Her wish is _ an engineer.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. A.shareB.sharedC.havingsharedD.abouttoshare4. I think the best thing you should do is _ another job.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookforD.abouttolookfor5. Tom sounds very much in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage itA.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly6. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _ .A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired7. We must treasure every minute because _ time is _ forever.A.lost,losingB.lost,lostC.losing,losingD.losing,lost8. Please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.tosealB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seatedAnalyzing主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 补语补语不定式不定式 动动名名词词 分词分词 Analyzing: attributive1. 现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系，（有时还表正在进行）用现在分词；如果构成被动关系，（已完成），用过去分词；表将来特定某一次，用动词不定式。 Analyzing: attributive2. 不定式做后置定语：(1)表示将来的动作(2)修饰被序数词, only 及形容词最高级等限定的中心词(3)用于抽象名词way, decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience后Analyzing: attributive注意：不定式做定语和所修饰词之间的逻辑关系不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。 主谓关系：被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：我们需要有人来帮忙干这个工程。We need someone to help with the project. （someone will help with the project） 动宾关系：被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：我有许多作业要做。I have many assignments to do. （to do assignments）Analyzing: attributive注意：不定式做定语和所修饰词之间的逻辑关系不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。 同位关系：不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 状语关系：被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：我没有时间去那儿。I have no time to go there. (to go there in the time)Analyzing: attributive注意：不定式做定语何时用主动式何时用被动式？ 句中有动作的执行者时，用主动式。 句中没有动作执行者时，动词不定式用被动式。 有时用被动表示让别人做。 ( be ) to blame 应为某事负责，不用被动。Analyzing: attributive3. 单个动名词和分词做前置定语： Awalkingstick Awalkingman Asleepingbag Asleepingboy Fallingleaves Fallenleaves动名词作定语说明用途和功能现在分词作定语表示动作主动进行过去分词作定语表示动作被动或已完成Whats the difference?1. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.A.remaining,remainedtobesettledB.remaining,remainingtobesettled.C.remained,remainedtosettleD.remained,remainingtosettle2. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung3. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion.A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interrupted4. Tigers _ meat-eating animals _ meat.A.belongedto,fedonB.belongingto,feedonC.belongingto,feedingonD.belongedto,feedingon5. -Havent you seen the sign _ “NO PHOTO”? -Im sorry I didnt.A.readsB.toreadC.readD.reading6. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A.living;wondering B.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered7. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing8. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen9. On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay10. Recently a survey _ prices of the s