Unit 2 The Universal language词汇详解 ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册.rar

牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修一Unit 2 The Universal language1. *Austrian /strin/ adj. 奥地利的，奥地利人的(15)2. composer /kmpz(r)/ n. 作曲家，作曲者(15)3. symphony /smfni/ n. 交响乐，交响曲 (15)4. *concerto /kntet/ n. 协奏曲(15)5. *Polish /pl/ adj. 波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的(15)【原句背诵】Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart An Austrian composer Famous for Symphony No. 41 (the Jupiter Symphony) and Piano Concerto No. 23Frederic Francois Chopin A Polish composer and pianist Famous for the Minute Waltz【形近词】Australian adj. 澳大利亚的，澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人sympathy n. 同情（心），理解；赞同，支持；（与某人的）同感，共鸣6. compose /kmpz/ vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静(16)7. deserve /dzv/ vt. 值得，应得(16) 【原句背诵】Hi Lucy, So glad to get your email. I hope everything is fine with you. Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. Its a piece that really deserves to be heard. 【联想拓展】compose a letter/speech/poem etc. 撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）compose oneself 镇静 compose of 由组成 be composed of 由组成composer n. 创作者，作曲家composition n. 成分构成，成分；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品；创作，作曲【同义词（组）】be composed of=be made up of=consist of 由组成Water is composed of/is made up of/ consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。deserve +n. /pron. 值得.，应得.deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 (主语通常为sb. )deserve doing/to be done 值得.，应得.sb deserves a medal （用以夸奖某人完成了艰巨任务）应给某人授勋get what sb deserves/deserve all (everything) sb gets 罪有应得【经典例句】Ten men compose the committee. 委员会由十人组成。Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died. 莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries. 该部队将由北约各国的军队组 成。The report deserves careful consideration. 这报告应该给 予认真考虑。Government officials clearly deserve some of the blame as well. 政府官员们显然也应受到某些谴责。These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage. 这些人应该得到高于最低工资的报酬。The criminal deserves to be locked up forever for what he did. 罪犯做了这样的事，应该终 身监禁。【链接高考】（2012北京卷）What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking. 荒野在保护世界中应该占据怎样的地位，显然值得更认真地思考。 （2012北京卷）I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. 我觉得这种惩罚是不合理的，我认为我应该得到第二次机会。 8. tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 (16) 【原句背诵】The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.【联想拓展】tear sb apart 使不快；使担心tear sth apart 撕毁；撕碎；使四分五裂；使分崩离析tear oneself/sb (from sb/sth) 挣开；拽开；夺去；揪走tear at sth 撕裂；扯开；撕破tear down v. 扯下；诋毁；拆卸；逐条驳斥 tear off 撕下；扯掉tear up 撕毁；撕碎；拉掉 tear into sb/sth 攻击；袭击 ；痛斥；抨击tear out 撕开，扯下 wear and tear n. 磨损【警示误区】tear的过去式、过去分词是不规则变 化，分别为 ：tore, torn。使用时要注意！【经典例句】Studies show that factory farms can tear apart rural communities. 研究表明工厂化农场 可以将农村社区分离开。It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings. 一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就感到痛心。But when a misunderstanding arises, their lifelong friendship suddenly threatens to tear apart. 然而一场误 解的产生，让她们终 生的友谊遭到崩解的威胁。9. pleasant /pleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的(16)10. whisper /wsp(r)/ vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言(16)【原句背诵】When the two lover, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 【联想拓展】a pleasant climate/evening/place 令人愉快的气候夜晚地方to live in pleasant surroundings 生活在宜人的环境中a pleasant environment to work in 舒适的工作环境a pleasant young man 彬彬有礼的年轻人a pleasant smile/voice/manner 和蔼可亲的笑容声音态度pleasant to hear 好听；入耳pleasantly adv. 愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地；友好地pleasantness n. 愉快，快乐；和蔼可亲whisper sth. to sb.对某人低声说某事 whisper (sth.) in sb.s ear在某人耳边低声说(某事)in a whisper/in whispers低声地It is whispered that有人私下说【反义词】pleasant的反义词是unpleasant adj. 令人不快的，不舒服的；不友善的【警示误区】表示“对某人低声说某事”时，要用whisper sth to sb或whisper to sb sth，不能使用whisper sb sth!【经典例句】Ive got a pleasant little apartment. 我有一套舒适的小公寓。The woman had a pleasant face. 那个女人长着一张和善的脸。Please try to be pleasant to our guests. 请对我们的客人尽量客气点。His songs are often both hypnotic（催眠的）and reassuringly pleasant. 他的歌声常常在催人入眠的同时又使人放松愉悦。He whispered the message to David in order to avoid being overheard by others. 他悄声把消息告诉了戴维，以免被别人听见。They talked with each other in a whisper /in whispers in the comer.他们在角落里低声交谈。【链接高考】 （2016四川卷）The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink.空气是干净和新鲜的。 井里的水味道很好，也许是我们的孩子喝过的最健康的水。 （2012广东卷）“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. “祝你今天愉快!” 可能是一个令人愉快的手势或一个毫无意义的表情。 （2019全国卷I）His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. 他的老师托马斯威利(Thomas Whaley)站在他旁边，低声支持他。 （2013浙江卷）The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room. 学生们想在教室后面扔纸团，低声说脏话 。 11. dramatic /drmtk/ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧 的；夸张的 (16)【原句背诵】Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhus father forces her to marry another man.【联想拓展】a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement 暴涨；暴跌；巨变；巨大的改进dramatic results/developments/news 出人意料的结果；突飞猛进的发展；令人吃惊的消息a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利dramatically adv. 剧烈地，明显地；戏剧 性地，夸张地【警示误区】dramatic的副词要用dramatically。【经典例句】The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices. 这项 公告对房屋价格产生了巨大的影响。Events could have developed in a dramatically different way. 事情本来可以发展成另一种样子。The team snatched a dramatic victory in the last minute of the game. 该队在比赛的最后一分钟戏剧 性地获胜 。The mountains provided a dramatic backdrop for our picnic. 群山如画，给我们的野餐平添景色。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. 尼尔森一直觉得他应该演喜剧，但他英俊的外表和出众的嗓音让他忙于演戏剧角色。 （2019天津卷）Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. 表演: 一个不超过10分钟的主题的戏剧演示。 12. weep /wip/ vi. & vt. (wept, wept) 哭泣，流泪 (16)13. overcome /vkm/ vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到的极大 影响；克服，解决；战胜(16)14. sorrow /sr/ n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 (16)15. *grave /rev/ n. 坟墓；死亡，去世 adj. 严重的；严肃 的 (16)【原句背诵】Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss her love. Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave. 【联想拓展】weep (for/with sth)/weep (at/over sth) ( literary ) （通常因悲伤）哭泣，流泪overcome difficulties 克服困难；战胜 困难overcome myself 克服/战胜 自己sorrow (at/for/over sth) 悲伤；悲痛；悲哀the joys and sorrows of childhood 童年的欢乐 和悲伤【警示误区】weep属于不规则动词变 化，其过去式、过去分词分别是wept, wept。overcome属于不规则动词变 化，其过去式、过去分词分别是overcame, overcome。【经典例句】She started to weep uncontrollably. 她不由自主地哭了起来。I wept to see him looking so sick. 看到他病成那个样子我怆然泪下。I could have wept thinking about what Id missed. 想到所失去的东西，我真想痛哭一场。Molly had fought and overcome her fear of flying. 莫莉经过 努力克服了对飞 行的恐惧。The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair. 考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。Words cannot express my sorrow. 语言不能表达我的悲伤。He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death. 听到她的死讯，他表示哀伤。They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger. 他们说 作出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。【链接高考】（2018天津卷）Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. 尽管最近3D食品打印技术有所进步，但该行业仍有许多挑战需要克服。 16. transform /trnsfm/ vi. & vt.（使）变形，（使）改观， （使）转化(16) 17. forever /frev(r)/ adv. 永远；长久地；老是 (16) 【原句背诵】Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. It is an amazing journey! 【联想拓展】transform into 转变成transformation n. （彻底或重大的）改观，变化，转变transformer n. 电 变压器；促使变化的人；变形金刚transformed 变形 transformative adj. 变化的，变形的；有改革能力的forever and ever 永远【同义词】transform的同义词可用change, convert等。【经典例句】Industrialization transformed the world. 工业化彻底改变了世界。It was an event that would transform my life. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。Your metabolic（代谢）rate is the speed at which your body transforms food into energy. 你的新陈代谢率就是你身体将食物转换成能量的速度。Although theyre expensive, they last forever and never go out of style. 尽管它们贵，它们永远耐用并且永不过时。18. combine /kmban/ vt. & vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并 (16) 【原句背诵】Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.【联想拓展】combine (sth) (with sth)/combine A and B (together) （使）结合，组合，联合，混合combine A and/with B 兼有；兼备；使融合（或并存）；同时做（两件或以上的事）；兼做；兼办combine harvester 联合收割机combined adj. 联合的，共同的；总和的，总计 的 combination n. 结合体，联合体；结合，联合【经典例句】Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.=Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.氢与氧化合成水。 The hotel combines comfort with convenience. 这家旅馆既舒适又方便。They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room. 他们在这个房间里成功地把古老和现代的风格融为一体。 Relief workers say its worse than ever as disease and starvation combine to kill thousands. 援助人员说 情况比以往任何时候都糟，因为疾病和饥饿 致使数以千计的人死亡。【链接高考】（2019全国卷III）The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward. 然后研究人员测试 猴子如何组合或添加符号来获得奖励。 （2018全国卷II）When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.当与浆果和其他水果切片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚而凉爽的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝佳基料。 19. rely /rla/ on 依赖，依靠；信任 (17) 【原句背诵】My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 【联想拓展】rely on/upon sb/sth (for/to do sth) 依靠某人（做某事）【经典例句】I know I can rely on you to sort it out. 我知道我可以信赖你来处理此事。The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low. 这一产业靠的是原料便宜，不涨价。 They relied heavily on the advice of their professional advisers. 他们非常依赖专业顾问 的建议。These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. 现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑 来安排我们的工作。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查 ）. 尽管如此，一项调查显示，55%的澳大利亚人家里有固定电话 ，仅有略高于四分之一(29%)的人使用智能手机。 （2020江苏卷）Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.然后，在两个不同的早晨去科学家实验 室的时候，每个人都以平均速度走了一个小时，从理论上讲，这应该 能让他的身体主要依靠脂肪提供燃料。（2016北京卷）If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. 如果学生依靠管理人员来规范他们的社会行为和思维模式，他们就不会面临在一个更大、更复杂的社区中寻找身份的挑战。 20. blues /bluz/ n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调 ；忧郁，悲伤(17)21. folk /fk/ adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 (17)【原句背诵】It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the musicians use many similar instruments, such as the guitar. 【联想拓展】folk art/music/culture 民间艺术 /音乐/文化a folk festival/concert 民间音乐节 会a folk museum 民俗博物馆ordinary working-class folk(s) 普通劳动 大众the folks back home 家乡的乡亲 父老【经典例句】Id like a job working with old folk(s) or kids. 我喜欢与老人或小孩打交道的工作。The entertainment was provided by a folk band. 这个文娱节 目由民歌乐队 演出。The music was a hybrid of Western pop and traditional folk song. 这种音乐融合了西方流行音乐和传统 民歌。22. tune /tjun/ n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整(17)23. *lyric /lrk/ n. 歌词；抒情诗 adj. 抒情的；吟唱的 (17) 【原句背诵】The tunes are easy to sing, and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. 【联想拓展】be in/out of tune (with sb/sth) （与）协调不协调，一致不一致，融洽不融洽in/out of tune 音调正确不正确；演奏合调走调tune in (to sth) 收听（收音机广播节目）；收看（电视节 目）tune in to sb/sth 理解，体谅（他人的思想感情等）tune out v. 关掉 tune up v. 调整；调音；口开始演奏【经典例句】I dont know the title but I recognize the tune. 我不知道曲名，但听得出这曲调。These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject. 这些建议与我们在这个问题上的想法完全一致。The radio was tuned (in) to the BBC World Service. 收音机调到了英国广播公司国际广播电台。24. throw in 奉送，额外赠送 (17) 25. for good measure 作为额外增添 (17) 【原句背诵】Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hopewith plenty of humour thrown in for good measure. You can feel an emotional connection between you and the musicians. 【联想拓展】throw in 掷界外球界外球throw-in 界外球；发界外球；接通；掷边线球throw in the towel 拱手认负；放弃throw in ones hand 放弃；承认失败【经典例句】The dealer will throw in the painting for free. 小贩将免费赠送你一幅画。If you buy a refrigerator, we will throw in a microwave oven. 如果你买一台电冰箱，我们免费赠送一台微波炉。For good measure, they may also recommend topical medications as well as over-the-counter painkillers. 或者更好的办法是，他们会给患者开一些局部止痛药，又或者是介绍他们去买一些非处方止痛药。26. rural /rrl/ adj. 乡村的，农村的 (17) 【原句背诵】Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside. Obviously I dont know what its truly like to grow up in rural America, but the master of country music, like John Denver, can make you feel like youre there. 【联想拓展】rural areas 农村地区a rural economy 农村经济rural America 美国乡村a rural way of life 乡村的生活方式【反义词】urban adj. 城市的，城镇的【经典例句】These plants have a tendency to grow in the more rural areas. 这些植物倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区。Agriculture forms the backbone of the rural economy. 农业是农村经济的基础。The survey was carried out in both urban and rural areas. 该调查在城市和乡村地区都开展了。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. 25年前，Saroo Brierley住在印度农村。 （2020江苏卷）In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.在救护车需要很长时间 才能到达的农村地区，电话亭起到了挽救生命的作用。 （2015安徽卷）The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. 我们吃的食物何时以及如何吃往往是特定文化所特有的，甚至在一个国家的城乡地区也可能有所不同。 27. surroundings /srandz/ n. 周围，环境(17)28. *heaven /hevn/ n. 极乐之地 (17)29. *breeze /briz/ n. 微风，和风(17)【原句背诵】The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings: Almost heaven, West Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah River Life is old there, older than the trees Younger than the mountains, growing like a breeze (From “Take Me Home, Country Roads” by John Denver) 【联想拓展】to work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作surround v. 围绕 ，环绕 ；（军队 ，警察等）包围；与紧密相连（或相关）surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 surrounded adj. 被环绕 着的【警示误区】surrounding表示“环境，周围”时，要用其复数形式，意义同environment n. 自然环境；周围状况【经典例句】The buildings have been designed to blend（混合）in with their surroundings. 这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环 境浑然一体。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. 硬币的另一面同样是一种剥夺:对健康和福祉，以及儿童失去了解当地环境的机会。30. guarantee /rnti/ vt. 保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 (17)【原句背诵】Why dont you try to listen to some great country music? I guarantee youll enjoy it!【联想拓展】guarantee sth (against sth) 提供（产品）保修单be guaranteed to do sth 肯定会；必定会to give a guarantee of good behaviour 保证行为端正be under guarantee 在保修期内a money-back guarantee 退货保证guarantee period 保修期；保质期quality guarantee 品质保证，质量保证credit guarantee 信用担保；信贷保证【经典例句】Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed. 现在，包括言论自由在内的基本人权已有了保障。We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed. 我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内交货。This iron is guaranteed for a year against faulty workmanship. 这种熨斗如有工艺缺陷可保修一年。 They are demanding certain guarantees before they sign the treaty. 他们要求得到某些保证后才签署条约。He gave me a guarant