1、妊娠糖尿病诊断的评价Simon Weitzman, MD,MPH 翻译：斯晓燕妊娠糖尿病诊断标准的评价 诊断方法和标准 筛检测率 母亲和胎儿结局妊娠糖尿病诊断标准的评价 诊断方法和标准 筛检测率 母亲和胎儿结局妊娠糖尿病的诊断方法 1小时葡萄糖负荷试验（GCT） 口服糖耐量试验（OGTT） 世界卫生组织（WHO） 全国糖尿病资料组（NDDG）Coustan修正方案妊娠糖尿病的诊断方法诊断标准(mg/dL)空腹血糖 1小时2小时3小时WHO（75g）140200NDDG (100g)105195165145Coustan (100g)95180155140妊娠糖尿病诊断标准的评价 诊断方法和标准
2、 筛检测率 母亲和胎儿结局妊娠糖尿病的筛选策略 方法一步法二步法50g葡萄糖负荷试验（=186mgdL） 敏感性 38.2% 特异性93.3% 阳性预测值78.6% 阴性预测值70.0%50g葡萄糖负荷试验（=186mgdL） 敏感性 38.2% 特异性93.3% 阳性预测值19.5% 阴性预测值97.2%妊娠糖尿病的筛选策略 人群群体筛检高危人群筛检群体筛检VS高危筛检 群体筛检57.4%的人同意筛检27.7%糖负荷试验阳性的人口服糖耐量试验异常未参加的人有更多的危险因素 高危筛检可能漏诊40的妊娠糖尿病内盖夫地区的群体筛查 70的犹太妇女和57的贝多因妇女同意筛查 49的妇女进行葡萄糖负荷
3、试验 只有10的妇女参加口服糖耐量试验 总共未参加的妇女：40妊娠糖尿病诊断标准的评价 诊断方法和标准 筛检测率 母亲和胎儿结局妊娠糖尿病对儿童糖尿病发展的影响 动物中高糖血症将影响细胞的功能 宫内营养剥夺和母体高糖血症增加今后患糖尿病的危险母亲和胎儿的后果特点OGTT正常妊娠糖尿病大于胎龄儿(%)3438胎龄（周）3939.2住院天数3.73.9根据危险因素，妊娠糖尿病妇女围产期特点特点危险因素比值比（95可信区间）有无剖宫产（）38351.6(0.73.7)巨大儿（）33172.4(0.96.7)肩难产（）7130.5(0.12.1)胰岛素治疗30281.1(0.42.7)有妊娠糖尿病史妇
4、女此后发生糖尿病的相关因素的对数回归分析因素比值比95可信区间诊断时空腹血糖 6.941.8326.24产后OGTT 0120分血糖AUC3.151.089.23诊断OGTT 060分胰岛素AUC5.261.1322.50随访妊娠糖尿病史和健康对照组妇女的糖耐量情况随访状态妊娠糖尿病（n139）对照（n27）正常OGTT64.7(90)88.9(24)糖耐量受损20.1(28)11.1(3)2型糖尿病10.8(15)-1型糖尿病4.3(6)-总结（1） J.Nerup 说1型糖尿病是遗传学家的恶梦，同样，妊娠糖尿病是流行病学家的恶梦。对它的定义，最佳诊断方法，诊断标准，确定筛检人群都一直存有争
5、论。总结（2） 尽管如此，对这些情况的处理已经有了很大改进。除了巨大儿，妊娠糖尿病母亲胎儿的围产期结局已经和非糖尿病母亲的相似了。总结（3） 有更多的证据表明，有妊娠糖尿病史的妇女得糖尿病(尤其是2型糖尿病)的危险性增加 在肥胖的妊娠糖尿病妇女中，即使是在产后数年，胰岛素抵抗仍然存在。KbNfQiUlXo#s%v(y0B3E6I9LdOgRjVmYp!t&w-z1C4G7JaMePhTkWnZr$u*x+A2E5H8KcNfQiUlXp#s%v)y0B3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6Ia
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15、2E5H8KcNfQiUlXp#s%v)y0B3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMeQhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6IaLdPgSjVnYq!t*w-A1D4G8JbMeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaMdPgSkVnYq$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhTlWo#r%u(y+B2E6H9LcOfRjUmXp!s&w)z0C4F7IaMdPhSkVnZq$t*x-A2D5G8KbNeQiTlXo#r%v(y+B3E6H9LcOgRjUmYp!s&w)z1C4F7JaMdPh
16、SkWnZq$u*x-A2D5H8KbNfQiTlXo#s%v(y0B3E6I9LdOgRjVmYp!t&w-z1C4G7JaMePhSkWnZr$u*x+A2D5H8KcNfQiUlXo#s%v)y0B3F6I9LdOgSjVmYq!t&w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y)y0C3F6IaLdPgSjVnYq!t*w-z1D4G8JbMeQhTkWoZr%u(x+B2E5H9KcOfRiUmXp#s&v)z0C3F7IaLdPgSkVnYq$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhTlWo#r%u(y+B2E6H9LcOfRjUmXp!s&
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