1、北京市部分区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末英语解析版试题分类汇编阅读表达专题北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共 4 小题；第 54、55、56 题各 2 分，第 57 题 4 分，共 10 分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。When people are asked whats important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.The first is how little they have said. The most
2、that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Martian anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that hu
3、mor could be left out of human life without much loss.The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful (蔑视的) or mocking laughter, or
4、on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides (凌驾于) rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent la
5、ughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” Another of Platos objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at t
6、hem, we take delight in something evil: their self- ignorance.Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. “We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration
7、whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.”Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered wit a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on
8、 self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetuss Enchiridion advises “Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.” His followers said that he never laughed at all.36. What conclusion do Martian anthropologists make on humor？37. Why did Plato suggest that
9、the governors of a country should get rid of laughter?38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.39. Do you agree with the philosophe
10、rs ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)北京市丰台区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末英语试题第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。“Where are you going to college?” “Im going to my local community college.” My answer seemed to be the magic phrase th
11、at would wipe the smile right off many peoples faces. Its clear that people have a lot of misunderstandings about community colleges.Many people think community colleges are only for people who couldnt get into a four-year school. But it is not true. In high school, I always got As. But when it came
12、 to applying to colleges, I didnt know what I wanted to major in and didnt want to spend thousands of dollars at a 4-year school until I knew what I wanted to do.Some people will ask, “Since the community college is cheaper, will you get a good education?” I found that nearly all of my professors ta
13、ught the same courses at 4-year colleges. My professors were knowledgeable and experienced, and I found many of the courses challenging.Some people think if I attend the community college, I will miss out on the “college experience”. I must admit that this is something I worried about a great deal t
14、he summer before college. But I soon learned that the community college, just like any other college, is what you make of it. I made the most of my time at the community college. I also made tons of friends by joining clubs and attending student government meetings.I took a lot of different courses.
15、 I had an amazing professor who suggested I take her journalism class. Never having written for my high school newspapers, I dared not take it, but since she was so enthusiastic, I eventually decided to have a try. That one course was all it took for me to realize that I wanted to become a journalis
16、t.Community colleges may not be for everyone, but for me it is a life-changing experience that has helped me discover who I am and the person I hope to become.40. What do people think of community colleges?41. Who influenced the author to become a journalist?42. Please decide which part is false in
17、the following statement, then underline it and explain why.I chose the community college because I was a top student in high school.43. In the authors situation, would you choose the community college? Why? (In about 40 words)北京市东城区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷第二节 阅读表达（共4小题：第25题1分，第26，27题各2分，第28题4分；共9分）阅
18、读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Face itIn much of the western world, governments now require people to wear masks when they are in crowded public spaces. That is good news, for masks could both save lives and allow people to get back to work. And to help economies restart safely, government should require people
19、to wear face coverings in crowded public spaces.People think of masks as something protecting them from dirty things in the air. But in the case of COVID-19, their more important job is to protect others from an infected wearer. That is because of one of the unusual characteristics of this disease:
20、it seems likely that infection by people who have not, or not yet, developed symptoms(症状) makes up about a third to a half of the cases. So even if everybody with symptoms stays at home, the virus will still spread. Masks block the respiratory droplets(呼吸道飞沫) that carry the virus, so make risky situ
21、ations safer.There are signs that masking is useful. Even home-made face coverings can block droplets.Experiments show that a piece of cloth over the mouth and face can block 60% of dropletsnot as good as a medical mask, but much better than nothing.East Asian countries success in controlling the di
22、sease argues in favour of masks. Wearing masks to protect against pollution or disease is common there, so people covered their faces as soon as they were informed of COVID-19. In the West, mask-wearing is alien. And in all of the countries where mask-wearing is common practice, the epidemic (流行病) w
23、as quickly controlled. This is not unquestionable evidence in favour of masks. Other factors distinguish those mask-wearing countries from bare-faced Western nations: some, such as China and South Korea, have strict track-and-trace systems and carry out mass coronavirus testing.Yet the combination o
24、f this natural global experiment, laboratory studies and asymptomatic transmission(无症状传播) suggests that masks can help keep people safe. Lockdown destroys economies. Social distancing damages them. Masks cost next to nothing. They will not by themselves stop an epidemic. Hand-washing, track-and-trac
25、e systems and widespread testing are all crucial, too. But masks can do their bit to protect people and rebuild economies.25. What is the key job of masks in COVID-19 epidemic according to the writer?26. Please paraphrase the underlined sentence in your own words.27. Please underline the inappropria
26、te part in the following statement and explain why.Wearing masks is important and is considered the determining factor in the fight against the epidemic28. Please briefly present what can be done to fight against COVID-19. (about 40 words)北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题Are we gett
27、ing more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill. Dr. Crabtree states that genetic mutations
28、(基因变异) during the past several thousands of years are causing a decrease in overall human intellectual and emotional fitness. At the heart of Crabtrees thinking is a simple idea. Our bodies choose what genes we decide to keep and pass on what will most likely benefit our children. The study explains
29、 how our body decides to keep those traits that make us most healthy and most immune, not the ones that make us most intelligent. So since we need to be healthy but possibly not as smart, we start to lose the genes that make us smart.There are other scientists that seem to agree with Dr. Crabtree. R
30、ay Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didnt know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtrees idea tha
31、t people could be getting stupider could be factual. However, not everyone believes in Crabtrees theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of i
32、ntelligence. “You wouldnt get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago,” Thomas Hills, another opponent from the University of Warwick, says, “But now we have people of his intelligent level doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”50.
33、What does Dr. Crabtree believe about human intelligence?51. How did Ray Williams prove Dr. Crabtrees theory to be true?52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People who question Dr. Crabtrees theory believe that people today have similar
34、intelligence to people in ancient times.53. Are you for or against Dr. Crabtrees belief on human intelligence? Explain your reasons. In about 40 words)北京市西城区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷IV.阅读表达（共4小题;每小题2分,共8分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Managing Star Performers in High-Pressure SituationsIt is gener
35、ally accepted that success produces confidence, and confidence increases the ability to handle pressure. While success can indeed produce confidence, it can also increase multiply expectations and raise pressure to unhealthy levels over time.Even the greatest performers feel pressure more than you m
36、ight think. Researcher Geir Jordet studied 366 kicks from 37 penalty shootouts held at the worlds three largest soccer tournaments. His unusual finding was that superstars scored only 65% of the time vs. the 74% overall average. Even more striking, they scored far less than players who would later g
37、o on to win the same awards. These “future stars” scored 89% of the time. In short, players who have the skill but not yet the status (地位) that comes with winning a major award performed far better than those who had both the skill and status. Status, as it turns out, can be a burden.Leading or coac
38、hing highly successful performers through a high-pressure event requires reducing the overwhelming (压倒性的) baggage that they may attach to failure. You can start to accomplish this by asking one key question: What are the things that are most important to youthat are essential to your beingand wont c
39、hange regardless of the outcome?On May 26, 2021, outstanding tennis player Naomi Osaka announced on Twitter that due to her mental health, she would not do any press interviews at the French Open. The volume (量) of tasks and distractions that surround performance can dramatically increase pressure.
40、And as success and status build, so does volume. The requests for Osakas time at the French Open in 2021 were vastly greater than they were in 2016 during her first Grand Slam event.In response to the increase in volume, Osakalike all of ushad two choices: accommodate more or remove the volume that
41、was creating the most pressure. She chose the latter, which is exactly the right response to pressure that comes from volume.Few of us will ever know the pressure of carrying the expectations of 300 million people into a physically and mentally demanding environment. But, through thoughtful conversa
42、tions that aim to keep importance in viewpoint and simplify volume, we can help our own stars carry the burden of success a little more lightly.53. What negative effects can success have?54. According to the passage, why may superstars perform worse than “future stars”?55. Please decide which part i
43、s false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tennis player Naomi Osaka announced that she would not do any press interviews at the French Open because she didnt feel well physically.56. How do you deal with high-pressure situations in your daily life? (In about 40 words) 答案
44、及解析北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题【答案】36. Humor could be left out of human life without much loss. 37. Because Plato thought violent laughter causes a violent reaction. 38. The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.; Because the Stoi
45、cs thought that laughter weakens self-control. 39. I dont agree with the philosophers ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is a human instinct and humor is a necessity in life. Both of them are indispensable seasonings, which make our life colorful and meaningful. Without laughte
46、r and humor, life would be boring and dull.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了众多哲学家对“笑”的态度，他们认为笑声和幽默应该受到限制。【36题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Martian anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of hum
47、an life without much loss. (Martian人类学家们比较了关于幽默和正义的哲学著作的数量，很可能会得出这样的结论：幽默可以从人类生活中消失，不会带来太大的损失)”可知，人类生活中没有幽默也不会有太大的损失。故答案为Humor could be left out of human life without much loss。【37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, for when one abandons himself to violent laug
48、hter, his condition causes a violent reaction. (他说，国家的守护者应该避免笑，“因为当一个人沉溺于激烈的笑时，他的状态会引起暴力反应。”)”可知，柏拉图建议一个国家的统治者避免笑，因为他认为激烈的笑会引起暴力反应。故答案为Because Plato thought violent laughter causes a violent reaction.。【38题详解】考查推理判断。根据第五段“The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughte
49、r weakens self-control. (强调自我控制的斯多葛学派赞同柏拉图的观点，认为笑会削弱自我控制)”可知，The Stoics认为笑会削弱自我控制，所以句中“they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control”错误。故答案为 The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.; Because the Stoics thought that laughter weakens self-control。【39题详解】主观题。本题为
