1、北京市部分学校2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题分类汇编阅读理解北京市平谷中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分） 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AIf you are looking for a place to eat in Calgary, youve got a variety of choices, like Italian, Thai, Mexican, modern comfort food, and
2、 vegetarian cuisine. For anyone that wants to narrow down their must-eat list, here are the best restaurants in Calgary.Foreign ConceptADDRESS: 10111 St SW Calgary, AB T2R, Canada PHONE: 403-719-7289Foreign Concept is run by award-winning chef Duncan Ly and chef Hyungjae Lim. Serving modern Asian cu
3、isine, the dishes take their inspiration from Lys Vietnamese roots and Lims Korean background. No matter what you order, dishes always emphasize seasonal and local ingredients(食材). Bold flavors wont disappoint you at Foreign Concept！Alumni SandwichesADDRESS：72517 Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2S, Canada PHON
4、E：403-455-7257The simple sandwich isnt so ordinary anymore at Alumni Sandwiches. The place is friendly and inviting and there are always around 10 sandwich flavours available, so whether youre a vegetarian, meat eater, picky eater, or prepared for a fancy dinner, something on the menu is sure to app
5、eal to you. Dont miss the Caesar salad, made with whatever greens happen to be in season. Bow Valley Ranche RestaurantADDRESS: 15979 Bow Bottom Trail SE, Calgary, AB T2J, Canada PHONE: 403-476-1311If its fine dining youre looking for, Bow Valley Ranche Restaurant is one of your best choices in Calga
6、ry. The food is always excellent and the setting is equally impressive. Only a short drive from Calgarys downtown, Bow Valley puts emphasis on Canadian produce and proteins, from Rocky Mountain game meats(野味) to seasonal vegetables.RougeADDRESS：12408 Ave SE, Calgary, AB T2G, Canada PHONE：403-531-276
7、5Less than a ten-minute drive from downtown, Rouge is an award-winning restaurant set in a historic house in Calgarys Inglewood neighborhood. The menu here puts the focus firmly on fresh, seasonal ingredients, highlighting their natural beauty. Many of those ingredients are grown in the on-site gard
8、en, making the dishes even more special.21. A man who likes Asian cuisine may prefer to eat at_.A. Alumni SandwichesB. RougeC. Bow Valley Ranche RestaurantD. Foreign Concept22. According to the passage, Alumni Sandwiches_.A. provides fruit saladsB. offers different choicesC. uses Rocky Mountain prod
9、uceD. is set in a friendly historic house23. In what way are the four restaurants similar?A. They use seasonal ingredients.B. All their chefs have won awards.C. They are not far from downtown.D. Their settings are equally friendly.BHuang Danian, the well-known Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958
10、in Guangxi, China. As a keen and able student, Huang went to the UK in 1993 to further his studies.By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years. He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return to home driven by the idea that
11、 he needed to contribute to his country. As one of the worlds leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was invited to participate in the “Thousand Talent” programme. He took up a position at Jilin University, Changchun.Huang was named lead scientist on Chinas deep earth exploratio
12、n programme, developing advanced cameras that can see through the Earths crust(外壳) so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it. He set up an advanced lab, sometimes paying for equipment with his own money. Some described him as a “lunatic” (a “madman”), but this passion and drive enable
13、d Huang to push forwards Chinas deep earth exploration technology into a world-leading position. Huangs devotion contributed to Chinas lunar probe(月球探测器) Yutu being landed on the moon in 2013 and the launch of the spacecrafts Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 in 2016.Huangs health also paid the price for h
14、is commitment to his work. He began having fainting fits(昏厥) in 2012, but paid them little attention, stating he did not have time to go to see a doctor his work always came first. In November 2016, Huang fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. The disease was so advan
15、ced that he had just a couple of months to live.Like the true scientist he was, Huang never gave up, but always tried to push forwards. Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students. Huang died in Januar
16、y 2017, aged just 58. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short.24. Huang returned to China in 2008 because_.A. he desired to devote himself to his motherlandB. the “Thousand Talent” program attracted himC. Jilin University offered him a to
17、p positionD. he wasnt satisfied with the life in the UK25. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Chinas aerospace development.B. Huangs working attitude and style.C. Huangs great contributions to China.D. Chinas deep earth exploration technology.26. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. Th
18、e working environment caused Huangs disease.B. Huang worked continuously despite his poor health.C. Huang was taken to hospital after he fainted in 2012.D. A large sum of money was paid to treat Huangs illness.27. Which of the following can be used to describe Huang Danian?A. Generous and honest.B.
19、Passionate and patient.C. Modest and courageous.D. Patriotic and committed.CImprove Cloud SecuritySensitive customer data has constantly been found exposed on cloud servers without password protection. To ease the problem, database software makers have been trying to make security easier for cloud d
20、atabase managers. At the Enigma Conference in San Francisco, Kenn White, a security manager at database software maker MongoDB, will describe a new technique, called field level encryption, to make data safer on the cloud.Field level encryption works by scrambling data before its sent to a cloud dat
21、abase and rearranging it in order when the data is needed for use. The promise of the product is to protect the contents of a cloud database, even if bad guys access it.MongoDBs new feature comes as more and more companies move user data to cloud servers, rather than run their own costly data center
22、s. It was predicted that cloud computing would be a $214 billion industry by the end of 2019. That would be up more than 17% from 2018, when it was $182 billion.Companies have rushed to the cloud without understanding all of the possible security consequences. Many companies have left countless data
23、bases exposed, revealing personal data. A database containing details about who lives in 80 million US households was left unprotected in 2019, just like the data on Facebook users.Database managers want to store their data in an unreadable form, but they also want to be able to find specific pieces
24、 of information in the database with a simple search term. For example, someone might want to look up health care patients by their Social Security numbers, even if those numbers are stored as random characters. To make this possible, field level encryption lets database managers encrypt a search te
25、rm on their machine and send it to the database as a query. The database matches the encrypted version of the search term with the record its storing and then sends it back to you.This approach only works with specific kinds of data. For example, field level encryption isnt useful for long text entr
26、ies, like notes in a patients medical chart, because you cant search for individual words.Still, for data like account numbers, passwords and government ID numbers, field level encryption protects data and maintains a usable database.Most importantly, White said, its simple to set up. Database manag
27、ers turn it on with a one-time configuration change when they set up the database. “Thats really powerful,” he said in an interview.28 The underlined word “scrambling” in paragraph 2 probably means_.A. mixingB. collectingC. hidingD. storing29. What can field level encryption do?A. Secure the safety
28、of Internet pages.B. Protect files with a unique style of storage.C. Stop bad guys from accessing the database.D. Enable companies to store files on the cloud.30. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Companies should move user data to cloud servers.B. Cloud computing achieved a 17% increase in 2
29、019.C. Companies may be unaware of the risks of the cloud.D. No companies were willing to run their own data centers.31. The author wrote the passage mainly to _.A. present some factsB. offer security adviceC. introduce a techniqueD. recommend a productDAfter years of observing human nature, I have
30、decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent, I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urg
31、es count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosi
32、ty and discontent dont have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius “is he who does not lose his childs heart,” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires res
33、tful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably ha
34、ve to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing
35、books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You havent any special ability? Most people dont. There are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? Thats good, because its always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of U
36、ncle Toms Cabin while cooking. Youre too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you ar
37、e at this moment.32. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to_A. propose a definitionB. make a comparisonC. present an argumentD. reach a conclusion33. What does the example of Galileo tell us?A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truthB. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to exploreC. Cre
38、ativity results from challenging authority.D. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.34. What could be the best title or the passage?A. Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB. Reflections on Human NatureC. The Keys to AchievementD. Never Too Late to Learn北京市中国人民大学附属中学朝阳学校2020-2021学年高二下学期期中英语试题第三部分
39、：阅读理解（共38分）ASometimes the challenges of life can seem so big that it is hard to deal with them all. While some adults find comfort in talking with a friend or professional，many teens find relief in the form of a simple journal.Generally，journaling is to keep a diary or journal that explores thoughts
40、 and feelings about the events of your life. It allows people to gain valuable self-knowledge. It is also a good problem-solving tool. Oftentimes，one can find out a problem and come up with solutions more easily on paper. More importantly，as a stress management and self-exploration tool，journaling w
41、orks best when you keep doing so，but even occasional journaling can be stress-relieving.To reduce pressure effectively，journaling can take several forms，and here are multiple choices that can work for you.Gratitude Journal：To keep a daily gratitude journal，you can list three or more aspects of each
42、day for which you are grateful. It helps you to focus on what you have in your life already and create a more positive mood at that moment. An added benefit is that if you are feeling down in the future，you can cheer yourself up with a few pages of the things you have to appreciate in life.Emotional
43、 Release（释放）：You may also write about your emotional responses to events that have happened throughout the day as a way of dealing with the stress. This is a great way to enlarge the positive and manage the negative things that happen in your life，increasing your positivity ratio（比率）.Bullet Journal：
44、You can simply keep bullet journals to record what you need to do each day，goals you have，memories you create，and other things you do not want to forget. It keeps your mind clear and helps you remember what is important to you.The journaling method you choose can depend on your needs at the time and
45、 your personality-just do what feels right. If you already have a favorite journaling habit，by all means，keep it up！But if you are new to journaling，remember：any day is a good day to get into the habit.21. According to the writer, keeping a gratitude journal can help teens _.A. gain valuable knowled
46、ge of themselvesB. explore the feelings and stories of othersC. focus on what you have in your life alreadyD. communicate with friends more comfortably22. What can we learn from the passage?A. You list things you plan to do in a bullet journal.B. Occasional journaling doesnt help to reduce stress.C.
47、 Emotional release is the best way of dealing with stress.D. You cant choose journaling methods depending on your needs.23. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Journaling: Save Your TimeB. Journaling: Relieve Your StressC. Journaling: Improve Your WritingD. Journaling:
48、Explore Your PersonalityBA new research published in Nature Machine Intelligence suggests that teaching materials science, mechanical engineering, computer science, biology and chemistry as a combined discipline (综合学科) could help students develop the skills they need to create lifelike artificially intelligent (AI) robots as researchers.Known as Physical AI, these robots will be designed to look and behave like humans or other animals. At the same time, they will own intelligence (智力) normally connected with biological organ
