1、Unit 3 Fit for lifeGrammar and usageThe present perfect continuous tense 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是现在完成时态与进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。Step 1 Lead-inEg: It has been raining these days. We have been studying in the school for three years.have/has been doingStep 2 Exploring the rules Below is a personal
2、account given by a girl who is equipped with a robotic hand. Find the sentences that use the present perfect continuous tense and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years, Over the past three months I
3、have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand, , I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand.Sentences use the present perfect continuous tense:Working out the rules We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past
4、and is still continuing now, or an action that has just finished but is still connected with (1) _ (the past/the present/ the future) in some way. The verb form of the present perfect continuous tense is “(2) _”.the presenthave / has been doingThe present perfect continuous tense Step 3 Detail rules
5、I have been living here since 2010.It hasnt been working properly for three weeks.Have you been waiting long for me?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.1. 形式形式肯定句：主语肯定句：主语 + have/has + been +动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词。否定句：主语否定句：主语 + havent/hasnt + been + 动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词。疑问句：疑问句：Have/Has + 主语主语 + been + 现在分词？现在分词？肯定回答：
6、肯定回答：Yes, 主语主语 + have/has;否定回答：否定回答： No, 主语主语+ havent/hasnt 2. 用法用法例句例句用法用法I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.You have been losing things all the time.1. 现在完成进行时表示现在完成进行时表示一直持续一直持续到现在的动作到现在的动作，该动作可能刚停，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在
7、进行。止，也可能仍在进行。2. 现在完成进行时所表示的动现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是而是断断续续地重复断断续续地重复。例句例句用法用法I have been waiting for you for a long time.I have been looking forward to your letter for a whole week.Two much has been happening today.You know, you really have been making things terribly difficult for h
8、im.3. 现在完成进行时强调现在完成进行时强调长长时间做某事时间做某事。4. 现在完成进行时有时带有现在完成进行时有时带有强强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩。【注意注意】现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：例句例句用法用法He has written a letter.He has been writing a letter. Have you met the couple recently? Have you been meeting the couple recently? I have waited for that master mu
9、sician for two hours.I have been waiting for that master musician for two hours.1. 现在完成时强调的是某个现在完成时强调的是某个刚完成刚完成的动作，或某个的动作，或某个过去的动作对现过去的动作对现在的影响在的影响；现在完成进行时则强；现在完成进行时则强调调动作的延续性动作的延续性。2. 现在完成时一般现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复不表示动作的重复性性，而现在完成进行可表示，而现在完成进行可表示动作动作的重复性的重复性。3. 现在完成时一般是平铺直叙，现在完成时一般是平铺直叙，只表只表示一个事实、一种影响或结果示一
10、个事实、一种影响或结果，不，不带感情色彩，而现在完成进行时有带感情色彩，而现在完成进行时有时时含有感情色彩含有感情色彩，可使表达显得生，可使表达显得生动。动。 Step 4 Applying the rulesComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.B11. I _ (reflect) on the article I read about ancient medicine all day.have been reflecting2. I _ (wait) for two hours
11、to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet.have been waiting3. My mother _ (write) a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight.has been writing4. The company _ (make) herbal medicines for more than 100 years.has been making5. Scientists _ (do) research on the dis
12、ease since it was first discovered in the early 20th century.have been doingBelow is an article about robotic limbs. Circle the correct expressions to complete it.B2 It (1) is being estimated/has been estimated that over 30 million people worldwide have lost arms or legs, and many of them fail to ge
13、t the help that they need. For some time, they (2) are hoping for/have been hoping for better quality artificial limbs. Fortunately, one exciting new advance could help these physically disabled people lead a normal life again: robotic limbs. Over the last few years, scientists (3) have been develop
14、ing/will be developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their disabilities. Robotic limbs can do much more than conventional artificial limbs. Some of the earliest artificial limbs were made of wood and leather, and until recently, artificial limbs (4) have only served/have only
15、 been serving basic functions. With the advancement in robotic technology, artificial limbs can now perform much more complex tasks and come closer to real human limbs. Not only can they make a much wider range of movements, but they can also be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory info
16、rmation back into it. David Jones is one of a team of scientists devoted to making even better robotic limbs. “We (5) have done/have been doing everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it,” said David. “Hopefully, more and more people in need of robotic limbs
17、 will be equipped with them and enjoy a higher quality of life.” A student is interviewing David Jones about the research he has been doing. In pairs, role-play the interview using the present perfect continuous tense. The beginning has been given.B3Student: What have you been doing, Dr Jones?David
18、Jones: We have been developing三年以来我一直在学英语。他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。我们已经等了你一个半小时了。他整个晚上都做在那儿学习。他整天都在工作。I have been learning English three years ago.They have been living in this city for ten years.We have been waiting for you for half an hour.He has been sitting there studying all evening.He has been working all day.Finish Part C on page 70.
