1、UNIT 2Sports cultureGrammar and usageGrammar and usagePassive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tensesLook at the sentences and answer the questions. Lead-inaWhen I hurried to the store, I saw the books were already being packed into boxes. bWhen I hurried to the store, I saw the books w
2、ere already packed into boxes. 1 1What is the difference between sentences (a)What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)?and (b)? Passive voice in the past continuous tense is used in sentence (a) and passive voice in the past simple tense is used in sentence (b). In sentence (a) the actio
3、n was being done while in sentence (b) the action was already finished. 2 2Which sentence emphasises processWhich sentence emphasises process and which emphasises result?and which emphasises result? Sentence (a) emphasises process and sentence (b) emphasises result. Look at the sentences and answer
4、the questions. Lead-inaAt the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.bAt the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. 1 Were the students in sentence (
5、a) persuaded before the detox started, 1 Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards? or afterwards? The students were persuaded before the detox started. 2 What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)? 2 What is the difference between sentences (a) an
6、d (b)? They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b).Exploring the rules My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looke
7、d up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience,
8、 I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or ankles, I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day. Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after e
9、ach run. Soon I was running distances I had never thought possible. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before
10、. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon!AFind the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table. Passive voice in th
11、e past continuous tensePassive voice in the past perfect tense.a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized. .，even though my limits were being tested like never before.Exploring the rules.，I reflected on what had just been achieved.a lot of money had been raised for charity.The passive voi
12、ce in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “(1) _”.The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past time. The verb form is “(2) _”.was/were being doneWorking out the rulesEx
13、ploring the ruleshad been done1 1It was an amazing achievement for a player who _ (injure) so recently.2 2The swimming pool _ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began.3 3He felt that his talents _ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change.4 4Tom was told that his teamm
14、ate won the race while he _ (treat) by the team doctor.5 5Photos of the riders _ (take) before they got on their horses. B1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.Applying the ruleshad been injuredhad been cleanedwere being wastedwas being treatedhad been taken By the time Cathy
15、and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1) _ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) _ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then, we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the
16、bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3) _ on how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon. I decided to volunteer for this years half-marathon
17、after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didnt feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could.B2Complete the passage with
18、the correct forms of the verbs in the box.Applying the rulesmaketrainblowplacecarrycheerhad been placedwere being carriedhad been trained After all the preparations (4) _, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon.
19、As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5) _ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6) _ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I sta
20、rted clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others.B2Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.Applying the rulesmaketrainblowplacecarrycheerhad been madewere being cheeredwas being blown 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态过
21、去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 一过去进行时的被动语态一过去进行时的被动语态 （一）构成（一）构成 肯定句：主语 + was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语+ was/were + not + being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语+ being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were +（主语 +）being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? Another bridge was being built was being built over the Yangtze
22、 River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。 The movie star wasnt being followed wasnt being followed by a fan. 那个电影明星没有被粉丝跟踪。 Was Was a new library being put being put up in their school last year? 他们学校去年正在建一座新图书馆吗？ What was being done What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 附：单元语法全解附：单元语法全解 （二）用法（
23、二）用法 （1）过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。 He was being interviewed was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 This film was being shown was being shown then. 那时这部电影正在上映。 （2）过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时可以用完成时态的被动语态。 The house over there was being built was bein
24、g built for two months. （） The house over there has been built has been built for two months.（） The watch was being repaired was being repaired twice.（） The watch has been repaired has been repaired twice.（） （三）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别（三）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 过去进行时的被动语态表示的是过去正在进行且尚未完成的被动动作，而一般过去时
25、的被动语态表示已经完成的被动动作。 This road was being built was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候正在修建。 This road was built was built last year. 这条路是去年修建的。 单句语法填空单句语法填空 (1) A meeting _（hold）when I was there. (2)The college _（build）at this time last year. (3) They were living with their parents for the momen
26、t because their own house _ （rebuild）. (4)Was the TV set _（fix） this time yesterday? (5)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _（decorate）. (6)The man _（question） by the police at that time. was being heldwas being builtwas being rebuiltbeing fixedwere b
27、eing decoratedwas being questioned 改写改写句子句子 (7) At that time the villagers were destroying their forest. =At that time their forest _by the villagers. (8)We were preparing the feast when it began to snow outside. =The feast _ by us when it began to snow outside. (9)We were cleaning the rooms at nine
28、 yesterday morning. =The rooms _ by us at nine yesterday morning.was being destroyedwas being preparedwere being cleaned 二过去完成时的被动语态二过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时间或动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。 （一）构成（一）构成 肯定句：主语 + had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + had + not + b
29、een + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? By the time the teacher came in，the first experiment had had been finishedbeen finished. 老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。 The classroom hadnt been cleaned hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。 Had Had the new plan been discusse
30、d been discussed before the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗？ （二）用法（二）用法 （1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time，before 等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time we got there，all the tickets had been sold outhad been sold out. 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。 （2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for，since 等引导的时间状语连用。 It was reported tha
31、t the sale had been advertised had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了。 （3）用在宾语从句中，常放在told，said，knew，heard， thought，wondered 等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。 He told us that the project had been completedhad been completed. 他告诉我们工程竣工了。 （4）在“It was the first/second/.time + that从句”句型
32、中， 当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/ 二次”。 It was the first time that he had been awardedhad been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖。 （5）在“Hardly/Scarcely had.when.”和“No sooner had. than.”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一就”。 Hardly had had the front door been opened been opened when we could smell something bur
33、ning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。 （6）在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited had been invited there，I would have gone with you. 如果我受到邀请去那里的话，我就会和你一起去了。 单句语法填空单句语法填空 （1）A new agreement （sign） by the time we got there. （2）The house （pick） up by the hurricane before they took measures.
34、 （3）By the end of last week, more than $ 50,000 （collect） for the affected area. （4）He （trap） in the burning house for nearly two hours before the firefighters came to his rescue. （5）The professor was delighted to find that the project （finish） by the students independently. （6）She returned home and found all her furniture （ruin） by the flood.had been signedhad been pickedhad been collectedhad been trappedhad been finishedhad been ruined
