1、Unit 3 Fit for lifeReading ()bridgesligaments（韧带）（韧带）tieslinksjoinersconnectorsbondsWhat do they have in common?n Definition: Linking words or linking expressions are words and expressions that tie whole sentences, parts of sentences, phrases, or individual elements together to establish a smooth tr
2、ansition in a text.n Purpose: To make the writing fluent and comfortably readable.n but, however, nevertheless, nonethelessn in spite of, despiten in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, converselylinking words or linking expressionsn first of all, first/firstly, second/secondly, third/thir
3、dlyn next, then, finallyn in addition, moreover, furthermoren similarly, likewiseExpress additions, something similar or not contraryn due to, owing to, as a result of, as a consequence ofn therefore, for that reason, consequentlyClarify the reason and the purposen all in all, brieflyn to sum up, to
4、 summarize n to conclude, in conclusionFormulate conclusions and summaries of previous informationThe functions of “as” as a linking wordnI have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. (lines 2-3, page 30)nWithout them, genome editing could be as
5、 dangerous as a car out of control. (lines 37-38, page 31) nAs many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. (line 6, page 30)nGeneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disea
6、se treatment and prevention. (lines 14-16, page 30)nAs the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. (lines 25-26, page 31)Sample sentences in the textn I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing
7、 as genome editing. (lines 2-3, page 30)n 我我见证了见证了许多许多令人惊叹令人惊叹的科学的科学进展进展，但没有一个像基，但没有一个像基因编辑那样具有革命性。因编辑那样具有革命性。n Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. (lines 37-38, page 31) n Youre as tall as your father.n He was as white as a sheet.n She doesnt play as well as
8、her sister.n As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. (line 6, page 30)n 正如你们很多人可能已经知道的，正如你们很多人可能已经知道的，在塑造我们的生活在塑造我们的生活这方面，这方面，基因发挥着关键作用。基因发挥着关键作用。n As the forecast predicted, the weather was dreadful for the whole of the weekend.n She arrived early, as I exp
9、ected.n As you know, Julia is leaving soon.n Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (lines 14-16, page 30)n I went to bed at 9 p.m. as I had a plane to catch at 6 a.m.n A
10、s you were out, I left a message.n She may need some help as shes new.n As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. (lines 25-26, page 31) n 然而，随着然而，随着这一技术不断迅速这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。使用它的问题。 n As the show increases in
11、popularity, more and more tickets are sold daily.n Happy as they were, there was something missing.n Try as he might, he couldnt open the door. To say that in spite of something being true, what follows is also truen They arrived as we were leaving. n He sat watching her as she got ready.n As she gr
12、ew older, she gained in confidence. As a time conjunction meaning “while” or “when”n Make comparisonn Make a comment or add informationn State the reasons for somethingn Express simultaneous changesn Express “in spite of”n Express time Functions of the linking word “as”n You might have heard this be
13、fore. Some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.n We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing. It can be dangerous.n New discoveries are being made. Geneticists gain a better understanding of our genes.n As you might have heard before, some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.n We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing, as it can be dangerous.n As new discoveries are being made, geneticists gain a better understanding of our genes.
