1、BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHX2U1 The mass media221BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBy the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words. The bus had already left by the time I got there. After he had learned all the words，he found it easy to learn English，Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. The film had been on f
2、or 5 minutes when I got to the cinema. Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We hadnt seen each other since we left Paris. BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH过去完成时(past perfect tense): 表示过去某一时间或动作以前以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去过去的过去。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHby the en
3、d of last+时间段，by the time sb. +动词过去式，after，before，until , when，since BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH主语+had+动词过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+had + not+动词过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：had+主语+动词过去分词+其他+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHShe said she had never been to Paris
4、. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 1）表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，）表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即即“过去的过去过去的过去”。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHWhen Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到来时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不
5、多一个小时了。2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。跟现在完成时一样，也常与跟现在完成时一样，也常与 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段时间等表示一段时间的状语连用。的状语连用。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHI had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so. 我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的，但我忘了寄了。I had intended to come over to see you last
6、night，but someone called and I couldnt get away. 昨晚我本想去看你的，但有人来了我走不开。3）表示表示。表示希望或打算的动词，如。表示希望或打算的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时，后接不定式等的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实时，表示未曾实现的希望或打算，即现的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做但却没做) ”。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH4）过去完成时还用于宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句中；表示主）
7、过去完成时还用于宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句中；表示主句和从句发生的句和从句发生的动作有先后关系动作有先后关系。如：He said he had been a soldier. When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friend had recommended.BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH5） 过去完成时用于条件分句或过去完成时用于条件分句或wish /
8、would rather等后面的等后面的that从句中，表示从句中，表示。如：I would have met him, if I had come this morning. 今天早晨我来的话，就会见到他了。I wish I had seen you yesterday. 我昨天见到你多好。He would rather she had lent him more money than she did.他本希望她借给他的钱更多些。 BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH6） 过去完成时的常用句式：过去完成时的常用句式：1. hardlywhen, no soonerthan2. It/ Tha
9、t /This was the first time that（这/那是第一/二/.次.）3. It was+时间段+since4. than sb. had thought /expected /hoped /wanted等。Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. 我刚开开门，他就告诉了我。He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。It was the second time he out with her. 这是他第二次和她一道出去。It was more
10、 than a year now since he her. 他上次见她以来已经一年多了。We arrived earlier than we had expected. 我们到得比预料的早。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去过去的过去”，He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)He said he had studied there two years ago.
11、他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH注意：过去完成时是一种相对时态，一定要有一个作参照的过去时间或过去动作作比较，否则，就不能用过去完成时。但下列几种情况用一般过去时：BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH1. 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如：而不用过去完成时。如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green
12、 went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin. 星期六下午，格林夫人去了市场，买了些香蕉，然后去看望了她的表姐。He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。2. 由由after, before, as soon as 等连词引导时间状语从句，由于这些连词已经清楚地等连词引导时间状语从句，由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的表明了主从句谓语动词的先后先后顺序，几个动作均可用一般过去时。如：顺序，几个动作均可用一般过去时。如：I to
13、ld them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把这消息告诉了他们。As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我刚把电话一放下，它又响了BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH3. 两个动作是两个动作是紧接着发生紧接着发生的，可用一般过去时。的，可用一般过去时。如：When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我听到那个消息时，非常高兴。4. 叙述叙述历史事实历史事实，可用一般过去时。，可用一般过去时。如：Our teacher told us that C
14、olumbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。5. 在一定语境中，表示过去未曾实现想法或打算的过去完成时也在一定语境中，表示过去未曾实现想法或打算的过去完成时也可用一般过去时表示：可用一般过去时表示：He hoped to come with us, but he was too busy. 他本想同我们一起来的，但他太忙了。I thought I could go, but I cant. 我原认为我能去，但我(现在)去不了。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH【注】若没有明确的语境，则宜用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想
15、法，否则可能有歧义，如:I hoped to pass the examination. I had hoped to pass the examination.不过在过去式后接不定式的完成式也可明确表示过去未曾实现的想法，如 I hoped to have passed the examination。BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH随堂反馈选词填空1When we arrived，those experts _(have left/had left) the village.2He _(had worked/worked) there for two years.Now he is i
16、n China.3The girl _(had visited/will visit) her teacher when she gets there.4He told us that he_(had planted/planted) more than 200 trees already.5It was the second time that he_(has talked/had talked) to a foreigner.BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYH1How many English novels_ you _(read) so far?2When we got to the
17、station，the train _(leave) already.3He _(learn) 3,000 words before he went to England.4The old man told us that he _(travel) to many places.5It was the third time that he _(see) such a large animal.6He _(plan) to help his friend，but he was too busy then.7Hardly _he _(begin) his speech when the audie
18、nce interrupted him.8I didnt know a thing about verbs，for I _(not，study) my lessons.9Edison _(build) a chemistry lab by the time he was ten.10I met Wang Hua in the street yesterday. We _(not，see) each other for a long time.单句语法填空BY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHBY ZYHTHE END.221
