1、2021-2022学年高二第一学期选择性必修二单元四套题(词汇、语法、七选五和完形一题两做及写作)一.词汇识记castle n. 城堡castles in the air 空中楼阁，空想，幻想Wed like to visit thecastle.The prince lived in a large and beautiful castle.Pat is such a dreamer. She s always building castles in the air.input n. 投入，输入，输入的信息，输入的数据 vt. 输入The Ministry of Agriculture co
2、mmissioned a study into low-inputfarming.All this information had to be input into the computer.Id appreciate your input on this.The input was larger than the output, so they lost money.There are several errors in the input.Two input keys dont work.I have inputted the data into a computer.We use a k
3、eyboard to input the data.capacity n. 领悟、理解、办事的能力，职位，容量，容积，职责，生产量to work at full capacity 满负荷生产，全力生产a capacity for sth 某方面的能力The pipeline has acapacityof some 1.2m barrels a day.She has an unboundedcapacityto imitate and adopt the new.That bowl has a capacity of two pints.He has a great capacity for
4、 learning languages.Chinas grain production capacity has improved.analyse vt. 分析He analysed the food and found that it contained poison.Lets analyse the problem and see what went wrong.The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat.Analysewhat is causing stress in your life.massive adj. 巨大的，大量的，
5、大规模的，大范围的，严重的We have seen massive changes in recent years.We must make massive efforts to improve things.The wedding got massive media coverage.massive, enormous, huge, immense, vast这组词的共同意思是“大的”。massive通常指大而重的物体，也修饰抽象的概念如力量、结果等；enormous指“大”到令人吃惊、甚至不相称的程度，也常形容抽象事物的严肃性、迫切性；huge指超越一定标准大的事物的体积或容量；immen
6、se不强调重量，只强调体积、数量或程度等超过一般标准; vast用以指范围、数量,但着重指面积而不涉及重量或体积。network n. 网络，人际网，关系网，网，网状系统，广播网，电视网，互联网the rail network 铁路网The companys distributionnetworkhas been expanded.The railnetworkhas been paralysed by heavy snow.The Internet is a worldwide computer network.coin n. 硬币，金属货币 vt. 创造，创造新词，杜撰，铸造硬币acoin
7、-operated washing machine 一个投币洗衣机Father dug up an old coin in the garden.The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces.Who coined the word quiz ?Wed better not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody.breakthrough n. 突破，重大进展，突破点，巨大成功，辉煌业绩，突围 adj. 突破性的，走红的，取得重大成功的This may have been an imp
8、rovement, but breakthrough was an overstatement.This raised hopes for abreakthroughin Mideast peacemaking.There has been abreakthroughin the identification of cancer genes.break through vt. & vi. 突破，突围，冲破阻力向前，在某个领域有进展或突破Some members of the crowd managed to break through the police barrier.They found
9、 it difficult to break through and escape.I know we can break through the enemys defence works.The enemy soldiers are trying to break through.Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.finance n. 资金，财政，金融 vt. 提供资金to provide finance for. 为.提供资金A United States del
10、egation is in Japan seekingfinancefor a major scientific project.Financeis usually the biggest problem for students.These funds are used tofinancethe purchase of equipment.He is a well-known expert in finance.Unless we can get more finance, well have to close the store.He took a job to finance his s
11、tay in Germany.The repairs of the school will be financed by the educational department.to name but a few 举几个例子，略举几例I like fruits, apple, banana, pear, to name just a few.There are schools of medicine，business，design，law，public policy，to name a few.autonomous adj. 自治的，自主的，有自主权的Five of the six provin
12、ces are to becomeautonomousregions in a new federal system of government.Each of the U.S. states has an autonomous government.domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的，家养的，本国的，国内的domesticservice 家政Women are still the main victims ofdomesticviolence.Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil.We adopt an
13、active attitude towards drawing on overseas fund to make up for domestic fund shortage.She likes keeping domestic birds.The meeting concerns both foreign and domestic policies.threaten vt. 危及，威胁，恐吓threaten sb with. 用.来威胁某人Their activitiesthreatenworld peace.If youthreatenme, I shall inform the polic
14、e.The rebels threatened to seize civilian hostages.The strikers were threatened with dismissal if they did not return to work.They threatened him with a law suit.threat n. 威胁，恐吓，凶兆，潜在危险，构成威胁的人或物a threat to . 对.的威胁He was not posing an immediatethreatto the officers.FIFA issued athreatto fine the club
15、.Dont take thethreatof tropical storms lightly.His presence is a threat to our success.The threat of an economic depression hangs over the world.There was a threat of mit vt. 犯罪，做错事，承诺，保证，花钱，花时间 vi. 忠于，全心全意地投入to commit to . 对.作出承诺to commit . to . 把.投入到.commit oneself to sth 公开表明自己的意见commit oneself t
16、o doing sth 致力于做某事What crime did hecommit?Dont sign orcommityourself to anything until youve had time to think it over and compare.The company wants to do a deal but is unwilling tocommituntil after the elections.She committed suicide rather than give in.He didnt commit himself to anything.This is a
17、 man who has committed murder.They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.(他们号召西方国家为最贫困国家拨更多的款。)I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays.crime n. 犯罪，罪，犯罪活动，罪行，罪过，罪恶，大错crime rate 犯罪率Statistics dont reveal unrecordedcri
18、me.Congress has criticised new government measures to combatcrime.The government is alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime.Its a crime to neglect such a lovely garden.crime，sin，guilt，offence，violation这些名词均含有“犯法，犯罪，罪恶”之意。crime指严重的违法行为或罪行。sin主要指违反道德原则或违反宗教戒律的过失或罪过行为。guilt多用于指违反道德或社会标准的不法行为，
19、含应予惩办之意。这种惩办是以证据为根据的。offence使用广，可泛指对任何规则、道德标准、法律、纪律等的违反与触犯，其罪行可重可轻。violation指违背誓言、条约、规则以及良心等，也指侵犯权利。murder vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀，杀害，残杀，杀戮，毁掉，糟蹋to be murdered 被谋杀，被杀害attempted murder 谋杀未遂Officers combed the woods for themurderweapon.Murderis a crime.There have been several murders this year.His parents and
20、sister were all murdered by the terrorists.He murdered the song by poor singing.(他唱得很糟，糟踏了这支歌曲。)urge vt. 强烈要求，竭力主张，敦促，驱使，催促，鞭策 n. 强烈的欲望，冲动to have an urge to do. 很想做.He fought theurgeto smoke.Weurgevigorous action to be taken immediately.He had a terribleurgeto run away and hide.An urge to improve so
21、ciety led me into politics.It is urged that a school for poor families be built immediately.pose vt. 造成，产生，引发，提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿态 n. 姿势，姿态to pose as. 假装.，装成.to pose a threat to. 对.构成威胁to pose for. 为.摆好姿态Please sit still while you pose for your photo.The artist posed his model carefully.Many women achieve
22、rs appear toposea threat to their male colleagues.Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.Allow me to pose several questions .Stop posing and tell us what you really think.He is always talking about his deep interest in literature, but its just a pose.apparently adv. 表面上，
23、似乎，显然Beneath that apparently calm surface is a man of fierce temper.Apparently, he is weak, but he has hidden strength.The judge distinguished between cases apparently similar.Apparently its going to rain today.He was apparently much surprised at the news.warning n.警告，告诫，警报，警示，预告，预先通知 adj.警告的，告诫的，警戒
24、的warning message 警报to serve as a warning to sb 让某人引以为戒let this be a warning to sb 让这成为对某人的警告She ignored thewarningsignals.There was a note of warning in what he said.There was no advance warning before the earthquake hit.demand n. 要求，请求，需要的事物，要求的事物 vt. 要求，需要，强烈要求，盘问to demand sth from sb 向某人要求某物，向某人索
25、取某物to demand to do sth 要求做某事 to make a demand/demands on sb 向某人提出要求in demand 很受欢迎的，需求量大的There has been an increase indemand.All these questions demand careful and detailed study.He makes the demand that he (should) leave the place immediately.victim n. 受害者，遇害者，罹难者，牺牲品，祭品fall victim to. 受.害，受.伤，被.害，成
26、为.的牺牲品，成为.的受害者He was the victim of injustice.Think of yourself as a survivor, not a victim.Do you often feel that you are thevictimof outside forces you cannot control?All the young men who hadfallen victim toher charm had made portraits of her .During the reign of the white terror, many progressive
27、sfell victim tothe secret police .Be careful not tofall victim toonline banking fraud.greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的be greedy for. 渴望.be greedy of. 对.贪婪Youve had enough to eat. Dont begreedy!She isgreedyand selfish.He looked at the shop window with greedy eyes.She is greedy for success.The dictator was greedy
28、of power.recognition n. 识别，认识，认出，认可，承认，赞赏，褒奖in recognition of sth 作为对某事物的正式认可，为表彰某事beyond recognition 认不出She has gained popularrecognitionin this field.There has been insufficientrecognitionof the problem.A degree isrecognitionof academic achievement.The recognition you have obtained is well deserve
29、d.The external recognition cannot mean much to you.After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond recognition.database n. 数据库，资料库adatabaseof knowledge 知识宝库They maintain adatabaseof hotels that cater for businesswomen.Normalization is the process of organizing data in adatabase.alternative n. 选择，可
30、供选择的事物，二者择一，供替代的选择，替换物 adj. 可供选择的，可替代的，非传统的an alternative to sth 某事物的替代者the alternative society 非传统社会，他择性社会Motorists were advised to find analternativeroute.There is an increasingly popularalternative.There werealternativemethods of travel available.There arealternativesources of nutrition to animal
31、 meat.We have the alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip.Id like to get some alternative music CDs for my niece.I had no alternative but to accept the offer.The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.hacker n. 黑客，电脑高手Ahackerbroke into the companys files and
32、got all her personal information.A computerhackeris someone who tries to break into computer systems, especially in order to get secret information.I often hear people talking about hackers, but I dont know much about them.The police arrested the two hackers.This site was attacked by a hacker last w
33、eek.theft n. 偷窃，偷盗，偷窃罪She had committed fraud, embezzlement andtheft.He reported thetheftof his passport.The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty oftheft.The building has been insured against fire and theft.break into 破门而入，强行闯入，撬开，突然开始笑、唱，顺利打入break into pieces 成为碎片，打成碎片，破成碎片break into
34、tears=burst into tears 突然大哭，突然哭起来，放声大哭，大哭起来break into a house 闯入他人住宅，破门而入，闯入房子break into cheers 突然喝起彩来There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.Watch!Justin BiebersfansbreakintohisArgentinahotel!Hed beenout ofworkandhechosetobreakintoa house toget moneyforhis family.We
35、really need tobreakintothe Chinesemarket.Hearingthis,allofusincludingmy unclebreakintolaughter.Theymayno longerwearhotpants,butthey sometimesbreakintosong.fail-safe adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的，万无一失的The camera has a built-in fail-safe device which prevents it from working if the right signals arent rec
36、eived.It seemed a fail-safe way of making money.drone n. 无人机 vi. 嗡嗡作声 vt. 低沉地说drone attack 无人机攻击In minutes, adronewilldotasksforyou.On average,onlyone outofevery sevenU.S.droneattacksinPakistankills amilitantleader.Dronemakerssaydronesareexcitingnewtechnologyand thatthe futurewill becontrolledbythem
37、.Aunt Maimies voice droned on.Insectsdronein themeadowundergoldensun.Bepatientandleteachspeakerfinish,even iftheydrone on.distribution n. 分发，分送，分配，分布，分配物，配给物He admitted there had beendistributionproblems.The companysdistributionnetwork has been expanded.Its inaccessibility makes fooddistributiondiff
38、icult.Thedistributionof passports has been a slow process.The distribution of the magazine is 2000.The species of plant has a very wide distribution.The Red Cross organized the distribution of food and clothing in the disaster area.Brazil has a very unequal distribution of income and wealth.predict
39、vt. 预言，预告，预测，预报to predict (that) 预言.It is still not possible topredictthe ultimate outcome.The economists predicted an increase in the rate of inflation.The earthquake had been predicted several months before.It is impossible to predict what will happen.I can predict something with great accuracy.de
40、crease vt. & vi. 减少，降低，下降 n. 减少，降低，减少量be on the decrease 正在减少Thedecreasein size was gradual.The factory had todecreaseits output.They tried to decrease the costs.The government projected a tax decrease.They are making further efforts to decrease military spending.His interest in this subject gradual
41、ly decreases.The new treatment led to a huge decrease in the number of deaths.There has been a steady decrease in population in this city.deny vt. 否认，否定，拒绝承认，拒绝接受to deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某事物There can be no denying that.=There is no denying that.=It cant be denied that. 不可否认的是.Wedenyabsolutely that there
42、 has been any wrongdoing.They appeared at court yesterday todenycharges of murder.He is not trustworthy, but at the same time, we cannot deny that he is clever.He denied that it was his fault.I was denied the chance of going to university.There is no denying that the accident could have been prevent
43、ed.They strongly denied murdering the woman.quantity n. 数量，大量in large quantities 大量，大批unknown quantity 未知因素，未知数Prices vary according to thequantityordered.Even when used in considerablequantityit does not disorder the stomach.This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.He ate a sm
44、all quantity of rice.It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality.The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products.airline n. 航空公司，航线The U.S.airlinehas just announced a formal link-up with British Airways.Permission has not yet been granted for theairlineto overfly Tanz
45、ania.In theairlineindustry all accidents are reported.Beijing to Guangzhou is a daily airline of CAAC.The airline has checked his luggage out.spy n. 间谍，暗探，密探 vt. 看见，发现，监视 vi. 从事间谍活动，当间谍spy on sb 偷窥某人，暗中监视某人spy tools 侦察工具This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy.She hired a detective to spy o
46、n her husband.Its wrong to spy into peoples affairs.He is paid by the police to spy on other students.He sent out a party to spy the enemy.How much did you pay the man to spy on me?I spy someone on the garden path.illegal adj. 不合法的，非法的，违禁的，犯规的，违规的 (反义词：legal)legalrights 合法权利Abortion is illegal in this country.Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission.What I did was perfectlylegal.Those coins are n
