1、1 概述2小作文(应用文)要求:100words,满分10分,平均分5.56分,考场建议时间:20分钟,考试内容:投诉,建议,邀请,辞职,道歉,申请,推荐,求职,离职等内容,目标得分:8分; 3大作文(论说文)以图画题为主,早年考过图表文章,提纲作文,背景作文以及开放式作文要求:160200字,满分20分,平均分11分,考场建议时间:40分钟;目标得分:14分 4信息点的覆盖内容的组织语言的准确性格式语域的恰当注:对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分5内容的完整性文章的组织连贯性语法结构和词汇的多样性语
2、言的准确性6全国硕士研究生入学统一考试大纲1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式;3) 合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;4) 根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当选用语域*。*考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行,因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。*指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语。7一、小作文写作要求考研英语小作文多是不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函(如:辞职信、道歉信、感谢信等) 、备忘录、摘要、报告等.它的形式是给出提示要点,要求考生根据要求表达清楚
3、要点。尽管它并不需要华丽的词藻和吸引阅卷人眼球的文采。但是,它还是需要考生在平时的复习中点滴积累,适当训练。以言简意赅的词句及一定的逻辑性,将事情叙述清楚,表意明确。小作文类型:感谢信(thanks),祝贺信(congratulation),道歉信(apology),邀请信(invitation) 倡导信(建议信)(suggestion); 投诉信(complaint),询问信(inquiry)请求信(require)婉拒信(decline),求职信(application),推荐信(recommendation),公告(notice)备忘(memo), 8短文写作时,考生应能: 做到语法、拼
4、写、标点正确,用词恰当; 遵循文章的特定文体格式; 合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯; 根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当使用语域。二、写作技巧小作文满分为10分,因为其更加套路化,所以它比大作文更加容易得分。但是,得高分的前提是要在格式、语言和要点等方面下功夫。91、格式(1)日期的格式和位置;-Mar.19th,2012 在右上角(2)称呼的格式:Dear Sir, Dear Madam Helen, Dear John, Dear Professor Smith,男士:Mr. 女士:Mrs./ Ms./Miss 教授、博士:Prof./Dr.市长,法官,议员,其他高官:Hon.(Honor
5、able,尊敬的)编辑:Editor如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如,Dear Sir or Madam;如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如,Dear Mr. xx或Dear Ms. xx;To Whom It May Concern,对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名。10(3)正文:正文格式一般格式为首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行;现在流行的格式,每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。考生在格式方面可以根据自己的习惯进行选择。只要让阅卷人看得舒服,且完全符合应用文要求的文体就可以。(4) 署名的格式:右下角,Yours sincerely, Sincer
6、ely yours, Sincerely,112 2、语言用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次,句型多变。例如既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句。注意语法运用要正确。再者,正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构,注意这样的情况不用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外,其他的文体皆为非正式文体。像写给朋友的书信等。小作的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合。考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言,使交流得以进行。另外,也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议你对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语,应该加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。123 3、其他要点考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔。虽说小作文的字
7、数充其量在一百多个单词,但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后,认真列个提纲,这样更有利于思路清晰。写作时,注意表达清楚以下几个方面。首先交代清楚写信目的;其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然,注意关联词或衔接词的运用;接下来,应该对个人的观点进行阐述(在写作有此必要的时候)。最后,行文间要注意简化描述。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候,应该检查、修改,以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。13应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域(指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语)的恰当。对
8、语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。141、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。2、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。3、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。4、如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。15书信格式: (一)称呼写给机构 不认识负责人: Dear Sir or Madam Dear Sir/Madam To whom it may concer
9、n 认识负责人:Dear Mr./Ms. President/ Professor/ Manager/Editor, Dear President (Michael) Wang,写给个人1) 关系不亲密:Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor, Dear President (Michael) Wang,2) 关系亲密:Dear Michael161、第一段:2句1)自我介绍(1)I am a staff member from your company/corporation.(2)I am a freshman/ sophomore/
10、 junior/ senior/ undergraduate/ graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.2)写作目的:I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/ resigning from my current post/position. 2、第二段:3句 1)改写提纲一:1句 2)改写提纲二:1句 3)改写提纲三:1句173、第三段1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外) My apprecia
11、tion to you for your generous help is beyond words. Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you. I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.2)期待回信 (1)I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon. (2)I look forwar
12、d to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. (3)Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.(三)落款Yours sincerely, Li Ming181、大纲样题:订购信Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a book
13、store to ask for:detailed information about the books you want,methods of payment,time and way of delivery.19Dear Sir or Madam,As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM), I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of t
14、he good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books. Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenien
15、t for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2007. I have arranged to pay for the service.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Ming20投诉
16、信 建议信申请信 求职信辞职信 求学信求助信 感谢信号召信 邀请信道歉信合同摘要 简历备忘录 寻物/招领启事(本质是一封公开信)21From:To:CC(抄送):Subject:Key words:Date:正文22书信摘要(P34,中文英文)23注意几个方面:署名一律Li Ming(或者题干要求)不要忘记Yours sincerely 或者Sincerely yours开头 1)题干有要求就写题干的要求 2)题干无要求时,Dear Sir or Madam,信封不予考虑 P12分析 24开门见山说图意,信息要点覆盖到,举一反三讲细节,语言正式词多变,感谢客气不能少,期待回信成老套。25第一段
17、:表明写作目的第二段:具体展开,写原因或分析某现象第三段:表明期望26一、写作话题范围: 社会生活、科普商业经济、文化、教育、历史等领域;不会选专业性过强的文章。二、题材:议论、说明三、题目指令(P35)四、避免的问题: 内容概括不完整,分论点间的关系呈现错误,过分设计细节信息,句式过于雷同。27要求1 1、把握文章中心。2 2、文章脉络清晰。3 3、语言和词汇的选择。28一、题型规律199119961991199619971997、19991999199819982000-2012 2000-2012 图画提纲图表291、成功品质(03独立、04自信、07坚持、12乐观、13选择)2、环保类
18、(99香烟、00商业捕鱼、11旅游)3、传播与广告(98广告、09网络远与近、四级过度包装、15手机)4、文化交流(02着中国传统服装的美国姑娘、10文化火锅)5、养老问题(05养老足球赛、14“相携”)6、爱心和社会道德(01爱心是盏灯)7、合作(08)8、偶像崇拜(06)9、健康话题(身心健康/宠物)10、学校话题(课程/老师/生活)3003 “03 “温室花朵经不起风雨”04 “04 “终点又是新起点”05 “05 “大儿子”“二儿子”“三儿子”“小女儿” “老父亲”,“养老足球赛”06 “06 “把崇拜写在脸上”08 “08 “你一条腿,我一条腿;你我一起,走南闯北”09“09“网络的
19、近与远”10 “10 “文化火锅既美味又营养”11 “11 “旅途之余”12 “12 “全完了!”,“幸好还剩一点儿!”1.1.提示语的特点:短小精悍象征名形31温室花朵经不起风雨200332200933200834段落层次:永恒的三段论 第一段:describe the picture 描述图画 24; 3060 第二段:interpret its symbolic meaning 阐释寓意 49; 100120; 第三段:give your comments/examples评论或例子 34;306035议论文 论点claim 论据support第一段:引入第二段:论述第三段:呼应36描述
20、段写法总结:第1 1句:宏观概括 (图画最直观信息)第2-32-3句:细节描述(只描述与寓意相关的信息)第4 4句:提示语翻译第5 5句:结尾套话4-54-5句37 (宏观概括) As is vividly depicted/portrayed in the picture, there is/are +(伴随状语) with/ing/ed+ (提示语翻译) The caption indicates that/reads:“”+(结尾套话) By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper social message is tran
21、smitted to us.38As is shown in the picture,As is shown in the picture,(后接完整单独句子描写图画) Shown, depicted, drawnPicture, cartoon, drawing, photographClearly, Vividly, ridiculously, interestingly 39 (宏观概括) As is vividly depicted/portrayed in the picture, there is/are +(伴随状语) with/ing/ed+ (提示语翻译) The capti
22、on indicates that/reads:“”+(结尾套话) By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.40第一句:观点的提出(主题很重要或很有害)第二句:进一步讲解人们对主题的态度 (重视与否P27)第三句:by doing so,从 11个角度平行展开结尾句:用虚拟语气结尾或说明利弊句结尾41 举一反二 阐释图画寓意+ +两个层次( (原因/ /对比/ /例证) ) 起承转合 阐释图画寓意(起)+ +寓意分析/ /原因分析/ / 例证分析/ /数据
23、分析/ /谚语名言(承) + +反面论证(转)+ +综合归纳(合) 42图画寓意: 两个层次: 社会需要-在当今社会,想要实现抱负就必须依赖于团结互助b. b. 个人需要-个人成功与否也依赖于是否愿意团结互助团结互助的重要性43 (阐释寓意)Undoubtedly, the cartoon arouses our deep concern over the issue of mutual support. The message conveyed in it, I suppose, is twofold. (两方面原因)In the first place, in contemporary w
24、orld, if one wants to achieve something or intends to fulfill one of his ambitions, he has to work hard, make efforts and get prepared on the basis of his team. Secondly, the difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not mainly lies in the fact whether or not he could cooperate successf
25、ully with others. (08年)44起承转合模式:(主题句)Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to(举例论证)For example /instance /To demonstrate /A good case in point is that/It is best exemplified by/To name but one example (对比论证)On the one hand on the other hand (谚语名言)As XX puts it,”/As the old saying goes,”(反面论证) Ho
26、wever/Nevertheless/On the contrary(综合归纳) All in all/In short/In a word/Generally speaking45阐释图画寓意(起): 团结互助的重要性2. 2. 例证分析(承):姚明、嫦娥1 1号3. 3. 反面论证(转):不合作则会受思维和资源的限制4. 4. 综合归纳(合):须发扬团结互助精神46 (起)Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to remind us of the importance of cooperation in our daily life.(承)
27、Take basketball hero Yao Ming for an example, he can slam the dunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance. Likewise, the successful launching of Change No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinese scientists joint efforts instead of individua
28、l accomplishment. (转)If we work separately, we will be confined to frail minds and limited resources. (08)47终点又是新起点48 (04年)(起) Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to demonstrate the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making
29、 progress. (承1-原因分析) Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another. (承2-寓意分析) No matter how powerful a country is, no matter how successful a specific institution is , it will definitely seek new
30、 development in high speed. 49 (承3-谚语名言)As Deng Xiaoping, the As Deng Xiaoping, the great Chinese leader said, great Chinese leader said, “Development is the inarguable truth.” (转)OnceOnce a person stops making progress, he can hardly , he can hardly maintain his past glory or survive in this compet
31、itive world. (合) Generally Generally speaking, speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant.50举例论证段总结归纳中心句+ +例证1+1+例证2+2+结论句建议措施段总结归纳中心句+ +建议1+1+建议2+2+建议3+3+结论句51(中心句)On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that/From the above analysis, we may safely arrive at th
32、e conclusion that/According, it is vital/imperative/of great importance for us to(2-3个建议)(末尾结论句) Only in this way can we/Only by our joint effort can we万能建议:国家立法+ +社会关注+ +个人意识52不好的趋势(以考研人数增多为例)1)Unfortunately, has triggered a series of negative effects, withbeing the foremost.2)Quite regrettably, ha
33、s brought some unforeseeable problems, withbeing the foremost.53可以使用科学论据法虚拟语气:如这种问题继续下去,我们将付出昂贵代价。解决办法(坏现象)。54写在最后写在最后成功的基础在于好的学习习惯成功的基础在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits谢谢聆听 学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干, 是为一个目标去战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard, Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal