1、被被动动语语态态复习复习英语语态英语语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 主动语态主动语态: :主语是动作的执行者主语是动作的执行者 被动语态被动语态: :主语是动作的承受者主语是动作的承受者 动作的执行者由动作的执行者由by -短语来表示短语来表示 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 ：由助动词由助动词 be+过去分词过去分词 常见的几种被动语态：常见的几种被动语态： (1)一般现在时：一般现在时： am (is，are)+过去分词过去分词 The programme is finished by the workers (2)一般过去时：一般过去时： was(were)+过去分词过去分词 T
2、hese trees were planted last year (3)一般将来时：一般将来时： will+be+过去分词过去分词 The project will be finished by 2008 (4)现在进行时：现在进行时： am(is，are)+being+过去分词过去分词 The plan is being made at the meeting (5)过去进行时：过去进行时： was(were)+being+was(were)+being+过去分词过去分词When I went there last yearWhen I went there last year，a new
3、 bridge was being built a new bridge was being built across the riveracross the river(6)现在完成时：现在完成时： have(has)+been+have(has)+been+过去分词过去分词A new car factory has been started (7)过去完成时：过去完成时： had + been + had + been + 过去分词过去分词Their homework had been done Their homework had been done before I came in.b
4、efore I came in.(8)过去将来时：过去将来时： He was disappointed to hear He was disappointed to hear that he would not given a that he would not given a doctors degreedoctors degreewould + be + would + be + 过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词+be+be+过去分词过去分词The problem must be solved The problem must be solved soonsoon使用被动语态中要使用被动语
5、态中要的几个问题的几个问题(1)(1)否定词否定词 not not 的位置的位置 not 放在第一个助动词之后放在第一个助动词之后 His homework has not been finished (2)(2)被动语态中的被动语态中的 by sbby sb(sth(sth) ) 和和 with sthwith sth表示动作的执行者通常用表示动作的执行者通常用 by sb表示用某种材料用表示用某种材料用 with sth。 试试身手 辩一辩辩一辩 He was killed by an enemy He was killed by a stone He was killed with a
6、stone The land was covered with heavy snow.(3)(3)不能用被动语态的动词不能用被动语态的动词不及物动词不及物动词eg. Come, belong , last ,happen, burst out, etc.状态动词状态动词eg. last, lie, stand, wind,etc. 及物动词及物动词 的宾语是的宾语是地点地点、处所处所或或组织组织名词时名词时 leave，enter，reach，suit，benefit，lack, 动词动词 let let 一般不用于被动式。一般不用于被动式。通常用通常用 allowallow 等意思相同的动词
7、等意思相同的动词来代替。来代替。动词和宾语已组成一个动词和宾语已组成一个 不可分割不可分割的短语动词时的短语动词时 keep ones promise lose heart make a face 在主语是物的句子里，有些动在主语是物的句子里，有些动词和主动形式可以表示被动意义词和主动形式可以表示被动意义 sell read feel write wear wash open clean cook keep cut fill blow measure lock run begin start shut 连系动词连系动词 eg. be, taste, seem, appear, prove, g
8、et, turn, sound, etc.（4）当宾语是下列）当宾语是下列成分时也不能用被动成分时也不能用被动语态语态反身代词反身代词 相互代词相互代词 同源宾语同源宾语不定式不定式 动词动词-ing 形式形式 抽象名词抽象名词 来！ 作一个比较 被动语态被动语态 与与 系表结构系表结构 两者形式相同，但含义不同两者形式相同，但含义不同 The book was written by him.The book was written by him. The book is well writtenThe book is well written(被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者)(系表结构,表
9、示主语的特点或所处状态)再来看yi看The house was broken last night.The necklace was gone.The ground was covered by fallen stones. The ground was covered with heavy snow. get+过去分词是系表结构，过去分词是系表结构， 不是被动语态。不是被动语态。 再来看一看 其它情况英语中的大多数英语中的大多数及物动词及物动词 可以变成被动语态，可以变成被动语态，但也有但也有只用只用主动表被动的情况。主动表被动的情况。 1be(well)worth doing “值得做值得
10、做”=be(well)worthy of being done=be(well)worthy to be done The book is(well)worth reading/worthy of being read/worthy to be read. 2want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done 某物需要某物需要( (该该) )My clothes are so dirty that they need washing.(=to be washed) 3be to blame（应受责备）（应受责备） Im to blame f
11、or not closing the door. 4be to let（出租）出租） The house is to let. 5连系动词：连系动词：（1）表感觉的有：）表感觉的有：be,appear, feel,look,prove,taste,smell,sound. (2)表变化：表变化：become,come,drop,fall, get,grow,run,turn. （3）表依旧：）表依旧： continue,hold,keep, remain,stay The flowers smell sweet. His face turned red. Please keep silent.
12、 6有些动词和短语动词有些动词和短语动词 不用被动语态：不用被动语态： come about occur happen take place break out belong to last give out come out add up to come true cost come up The meeting lasted four hours. Great changes have taken place in the 20th century. 7及物动词作不及物动词用及物动词作不及物动词用 +副词如：副词如：hardly（几乎不），（几乎不），easily, badly, nice
13、ly, well, smoothly（顺利地）等时，（顺利地）等时，采用主动表被动。采用主动表被动。 常用此结构的动词有：常用此结构的动词有： lock open read sell wash wear write burn drive The pen writes well The door wont lock. Wood burns easily. The cloth wears long. 8有些动词用被动表主动：有些动词用被动表主动： devote seat hide station He was devoted(=devoted himself)to scientific resea
14、rch.He is seated(seats himself)in the bench. The soldiers are stationed at the foot of the mountain. Thats all. So much for this unit.57写在最后写在最后成功的基础在于好的学习习惯成功的基础在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits 结束语当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的，所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So DonT Give Up, Stick To The End演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
