1、食管胃交界肿瘤治疗食管胃结合部腺癌的研究进展食管胃结合部腺癌的研究进展贲门癌贲门癌胸外科胸外科普外科普外科经胸经胸食管癌根治术食管癌根治术经腹经腹胃癌根治术胃癌根治术贲门癌的归属历史演变贲门癌的归属历史演变n70年代,因贲门癌临床表现与食管癌相似,治疗原则相似,受制于当时的诊断与检查方法,归于食管癌。n80年代,贲门癌病理特点与食管癌不同,按照ICD-8分类,又将之归为胃癌。n90年代,发现贲门癌在流行病学、病因学、病理学、治疗方法以及预后等方面都有其独特的一面,将其与胃癌分开。Cancer 1998;83:2049-530.73.22.13.3TREND in USA食管腺癌黑色素瘤前列腺癌
2、结肠癌肺癌/乳腺癌J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:142 6TREND in USAJ Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:142 6食管下1/3食管中1/3食管上1/3TREND in USAEsophageal and Gastric Carcinoma US Incidence in 2013n39,590 new casesnGastric: 21,600 (54%)nEsophagus: 17,900 (46%)nDecline in Gastric Cancer IncidencenIncrease in Esophageal , GEJXSie
3、gel et al, CA 63: 11-30; 20132.3 %10.0 %IIIIIITREND in JAPANn我国自20世纪90年代以来,食管癌高发区的食管鳞状细胞癌发病率出现大幅度下降,贲门癌的发病率升高。n河南林县1987-1989年贲门癌发病25/10万,2002-2004年贲门癌上升到45.95/10万n河北省磁县1988年贲门癌发病6.8/10万,2002年上升到25.89/10万,13年来贲门癌的发病增长了276.3%。n四川盐亭19901997年与19691979年食管癌的死亡率比较下降了29.2%,胃癌上升78.0%Journal of Digestive Dise
4、ases, 2011, 12(6):420427TREND in ChinaChanging Patterns in the Incidence of Esophageal and Gastric Carcinoma in China流行病学特点流行病学特点n好发于中老年人,特别是大于65岁人群;n男性发病率大于女性;n病理类型:中、高分化腺癌为主;n组织类型:以管状腺癌为主;n容易发生脉管瘤栓和神经受侵。蒋宗惠, 食管-胃交界性癌的临床特点分析,安徽医药,2010 ,14(11)病因及机制病因及机制n病因:胃食管返流性疾病、食管裂孔疝、幽门螺旋杆菌、饮食、生活习惯和药物等。n机制:n 1、B
5、arrett途径:途径:即胃食管反流病变导致食管炎, 在此基础上由肠化生演变成 Barrett食管经异型增生进而发展腺癌。n2、胃途径:胃途径:是在慢性萎缩性胃炎基础上经肠化和异型增生发生的近侧胃腺癌。胃食管结合部腺癌胃食管结合部腺癌分类分类1n WHO 分类 (2000年) n1、食管腺癌 (全部肿瘤在食管胃连接处上方 )n2、胃食管连接处腺癌 (肿瘤骑跨食管胃连接处 );n3、 近侧胃腺癌 (肿瘤在食管胃连接处下方 )胃食管结合部腺癌胃食管结合部腺癌分类分类2nSiewert分型 n(1)AEG型癌:即食管下段腺癌, 在贲门上方15cm范围。n(2)AEG型癌:即真性贲门癌, 在贲门上方
6、1cm至贲门下方 2cm 范围。n(3)AEG 型癌:即贲门下胃癌, 在贲门下方 25cm范围。胃食管结合部胃食管结合部淋巴回流淋巴回流n特点:n1、双向回流n2、腹膜后回流(沿左膈下动脉淋巴管沿左膈下动脉淋巴管回流至腹腔干附近或回流至腹腔干附近或途中换成左肾上腺静途中换成左肾上腺静脉至左肾静脉上下缘脉至左肾静脉上下缘。淋巴结转移规律淋巴结转移规律n2007-2012年四川省肿瘤医院接受手术治疗的228例AEG患者n159例患者(69.7)发现有淋巴结转移:中华胃肠外科杂志2012,15(9):897-901总例数总例数胸腔淋巴结胸腔淋巴结腹腔淋巴结腹腔淋巴结I型9例2例(22.2)2例(22
7、.2)II型121例32例(26.4)81例(66.9)III型98例15例(15.3)69例(70.4)中华胃肠外科杂志2012,15(9):897-901总例数总例数经胸入路经胸入路经胸腹入路经胸腹入路经腹入路经腹入路I型9例9例(100)II型121例12例(9.9)48例(39.6) 61例(50.4)III型98例22例(22.4)76例(77.5)切缘阳性率2/12例(16.7)1/79例(1.2)17/137例(12.4)3/91例(3.2)手术入路与切缘阳性率手术入路与切缘阳性率TNM分期与预后分期与预后nUICC-AJCC第7版食管癌TNM分期系统在判断食管胃交界腺癌Siew
8、ert II型预后方面的价值优于UICC-AJCC第7版胃癌TNM分期系统。中华肿瘤学杂志,2014,36(12):916-921.新辅助与辅助治疗新辅助与辅助治疗 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy 3 preop+3 postop ECF (epirubicin,cisplatin, fluorouracil)MAGIC(Medical Research Coucil Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy) trialUK Perioperative chemotherapy vs surgery alone for resecta
9、ble gastroesophageal cancer Neoadjuvant radiotherapy 40 Gy / 4 weeks by 2 Gy qd x 20 Neoadjuvant CCRT 2 /week Chemo (fluorouracil + cisplatin) + 40 Gy ,15/3week Esoph and GEJ:1.EMR for T1a2.Surgery for T1b3.Preop therapy for T2-3 or N+共识共识nPathways with targeted therapies where we have data or are c
10、urrently under later stage studynHER2nVEGFnEGFRnmTORnMetGEJ肿瘤的靶向治疗进展肿瘤的靶向治疗进展ToGA trialHER2+gastric cancerHER2-positiveadvanced GC (n=584)5-FU or capecitabinea + cisplatin(n=290)RaChosen at investigators discretion GEJ, gastroesophageal junction5-FU or capecitabinea + cisplatin+ trastuzumab(n=294)l
11、Stratification factorsadvanced vs metastatic GC vs GEJmeasurable vs non-measurableECOG PS 0-1 vs 2capecitabine vs 5-FUPhase III, randomized, open-label, international, multicenter study 3807 patients screened1 810 HER2-positive (22.1%)Primary end point: OSTime (months)2942902772662462232091851731431
12、471171139090647147563243243016211413712665401000No. at risk11.113.80.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.00246810 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36EventFC + TFCEvents167182HR0.7495% CI0.60, 0.91p value0.0046MedianOS13.811.1T, trastuzumabVan Cutsem ASCO 2009Secondary end point: PFS0246810 12 14 16 18
13、20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34Event2942902582382011821419995626033411728721513393826261614020005.56.7No. at risk0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0Time (months)FC + TFCEvents226235HR0.7195% CI0.59, 0.85p value0.0002MedianPFS6.75.5Van Cutsem ASCO 2009T-DM1 structureT-DM1 is a novel ADCAverage drug:antibody ra
14、tio 3.5:1Highly potent cytotoxic agentMonoclonal antibody: TrastuzumabSystemically stable Target expression: HER2Cytotoxic agent: DM1Linker: MCCT-DM1TrastuzumabTargeted Agents Phase III: Negtive Trials for VEGF,mTOR,and EGFRnAVAGAST: Cape-Cisplatin+ / - Bevacizumab Negtive trial for OSnmTOR GRANITE: BSC vs Everolimus Negtive trial for OSnEXPAND: Cape-Cis+ / - Cetuximab(E.U.) Negtive:Cetuximab trended inferiornCOG:BSC vs Gefitinib(U.K.):NegtiveBang et al GI Cancers Symposium 2013 Abstract 11Doshi et al Proc ASCO 2012ECX + / - Rilotumumab in CMET High: RILOMET Trial