1、More practiceMore practiceCounting before numbersBrainstorming Before numbers, what did ancient people use to count things long time ago? Read the online article and then plete the flow chart about the development of counting methods.Counting before numbers12345 their fingers and even their toes sma
2、ll marks on sticks and bones tokens made from clay or small stones systems of written the Hindu-Arabic systemLanguage points 1. Before the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways to count things.在文字数字发明之前，在文字数字发明之前，人们用很多不同的方式来算数人们用很多不同的方式来算数 (1)invention n. “发明”；v.invent; n.inv
3、entor (2)count v. “计算，计数”。 (3)useto do “用来做某事”。 2. However, they could only count small numbers in this way.然而，他们仅然而，他们仅仅以这种方式来算数目小的数。仅以这种方式来算数目小的数。 (1)however “然而”；后面有逗号，同义词but后直接加内容。 (2)in this way “以这种方式”。 3. After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones.那以后，他那以后，他们开始在棍子和石头上作小标记。
4、们开始在棍子和石头上作小标记。 begin to do sth. “开始做某事”， 相当于begin doing sth. begin with“以开始” begin可与start互换。 4. This helped them count bigger numbers.这帮助他们计算更大的数目。这帮助他们计算更大的数目。 help sb.do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，动词不定式to常省略。 也可用help sb. with sth.;有时也可直接用help do sth. 5. They used them to count things like the ways of the mont
5、h, the amount of food and the number of animals they had. 人们使用他们来算数，像月份的方式，他们拥有人们使用他们来算数，像月份的方式，他们拥有的食物的数量，动物的数目等的食物的数量，动物的数目等 (1) the amount of “的数量”后加不可数名词。 (2) the number of “的数目”后加可数名词的复数形式。 6. Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones.然后人然后人们开始使用用黏土或小石头制成的代币们开始使用用黏土或小石头制成的代
6、币. (1) token “代币”；clay “黏土”。 (2) made from 在这里是过去分词短语作后置定语。 7. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.人们经常把代币串在绳子上人们经常把代币串在绳子上以便容易携带。以便容易携带。 so that “以便”；另有用法sothat“如此以致” 其中so 后加副词或形容词；that后加句子。 如：He was so angry that he could not say a word. 8. Thi
7、s developed into tools like the abacus.这发展成了像算盘这样的一些工具这发展成了像算盘这样的一些工具 (1)develop into “发展成”“开发成”。 (2) like介词“像”。 developed “发达的”， developing “发展中的”, development n. 发展 9. Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to show different numbers, and this led to the Hindu-Arabic system. 最后，人
8、们开始开发书写标记的方法来表示最后，人们开始开发书写标记的方法来表示不同的数字，而这通向了印度阿拉伯系统。不同的数字，而这通向了印度阿拉伯系统。 (1)system “系统；制度；方法” (2) lead to “引起，导致，通向的路”。lead 过去式是led; lead sb. to“把某人带领到.”。 Exercise 1. At weekends, I usually help my mum _ some housework.A. to doingB. do C. doesD. for doing 2. I have many hobbies_ singing, playing che
9、ss and so on. A. are likeB. like C. for exampleD. look likes 3. The old farmer are counting _ money and _ animals he had. A. the amount of; the number of B. the amount of; the amount of C. the number of; the amount of D. the number of; the number of 4. 吃完晚饭后，他开始做作业了。After dinner, he _ _ _ his homework. 5. 中国好声音以这种方式吸引越来越多的观众。Voice of China attracts more and more audience _ _ _. 6. 他这次小小的错误引起了巨大的损失。His mistake _ _ a big loss this time. started to do in this way led to
