1、第四章第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法 酸碱质子HACAc-+H+H2CO3HCO3-+H+HCO3-CO32-+H+NH4+NH3+H+H6Y2+ H5Y+H+NH3OH+NH2OH+H+ (CH2)6N4H+(CH2)6N4+H+ NH4+ + H2O H3O+ + NH3 KKHOHsw101014.pHpOH 14KSHSs2水的离子积水的离子积KH OAHAa3KOHHAAbKKKabwKKKabsKKKaaa123321bbbKKK141322311.0 10abababWKKKKKKK OHCOHAHaaCHHKCHwaB + H + BH + H2O H + + OH OHBHHOH
2、KCOHWbbCOHHAOHCKHaW1HCKHKKHaaaWHKKCKaaaa242aaHC KCKaa 500CKKaaW 20CKKaaW 20HCKHKaaaOHKKCKbbbb242OHC KbbHC Kaa11bbKCOH21aaKKH21aaKKHHKKaa23HCCKabaabaCCpKpHlgbaaCCpKpHlg或aCHbCOHaaKCHOHC KbbHC Kaa11bbKCOH21aaKKHHKKaa23HCCKabaabaCCpKpHlg计算0.10mol/L NaH2PO4的pH值。计算0.10mol/L NH4CN的pH值。计算计算0.30mol/L 吡啶溶液与吡啶
3、溶液与0.10mol/L HCl溶液等体积混合,计算此溶液的溶液等体积混合,计算此溶液的pH值。已值。已知:吡啶知:吡啶 Kb1.710-9(H3C)2 + NNNHSO3OHH+(H3C)2NSO3NHN甲基橙(MO)红色(醌式)黄色(偶氮式)pKa = 3.4OHOHOHH+pKa = 9.1HOCOOOOCOO羟式(无色)醌式(红色)酚酞(PP)KHInHInKinaKHInHInin HIn H + + In -KHInHInin aCaHInInHKin KHOHKtw11101014.KAHA OHKKKtbaW1KHAHAKKKtabW1H3O+ + OH- H2O+ H2OKH
4、OHKtw11101014.LmolCHa/1000. 00 . 1pHLmolCVVVVHababa/100 . 51 . 098.1900.2098.1900.2053 . 4pHHOHKmolLw 107/0 . 7pHLmolCVVVVOHbbaba/100 . 51 . 002.2000.2000.2002.2053 . 4pOH7 . 9pHv甲基橙(甲基橙(3.14.4)*3.45v甲基红(甲基红(4.46.2)*5.1v 酚酞(酚酞(8.010.0)*9.1 1.0 mol/L NaOH1.0 mol/L HCl pH=3.310.7 选甲基橙,甲基红,酚酞选甲基橙,甲基红,酚
5、酞 0.1mol/Ll NaOH0.1mol/L HCl pH=4.39.7 选甲基红,酚酞选甲基红,酚酞 0.01mol/L NaOH0.01mol/L HCl pH=5.38.7 选甲基红选甲基红OH- + HA A- + H2OKAHA OHKKKtbaW1反应完全程度不高LmolKCHaa/1034. 11000. 0108 . 13588. 2pHHACACaabaCCpKCCpKpHlglgCmolLHAC20001998200019980100050105./CmolLAC1998200019980100050102./HACACaabaCCpKCCpKpHlglg76. 7 p
6、H27. 5pOH73. 8 pH30. 4pOH70. 9 pHLmolCVVVVOHbabab/100 . 51000. 000.2002.2000.2002.205bawbbCKKCKOHLmolCb/05000. 021000. 0滴定前,曲线起点高滴定前,曲线起点高 滴定开始,滴定开始, Ac- ,pH随滴加随滴加NaOH,缓冲能力,缓冲能力,pH微小微小滴定近滴定近SP,HAc,缓冲能力缓冲能力,pHSP前后前后0.1%,酸度急剧变化,酸度急剧变化, pH =7.769.7SP后,后,pH逐渐逐渐(同强碱滴强酸)(同强碱滴强酸)H3O+ + A- HA + H2O KHAHAKKK
7、tabW1反应完全程度不高pH =6.344.30选甲基橙,甲基红 H3PO4 H + H2PO4- H2PO4- H + HPO42- HPO42- H + PO43- 66. 42)(21aapKpKpH94. 92)(32aapKpKpH 溴甲酚绿溴甲酚绿+ +甲基橙甲基橙 酚酞酚酞+ +百里酚酞百里酚酞第一变色点第一变色点 pH=4.66 选选甲基橙,甲基红甲基橙,甲基红 溴甲酚绿溴甲酚绿+ +甲基橙甲基橙 第二变色点第二变色点 pH=9.94 选选 酚酞,百里酚酞酚酞,百里酚酞 酚酞酚酞+ +百里酚酞百里酚酞CO32- + H+ HCO3- Kb1= 10-3.75HCO3 - +
8、H+ H2CO3 Kb2= 10-7.6237. 82)(21aapKpKpH LmolKCHaa/103 . 104. 0103 . 44719 . 3pH 第一变色点第一变色点 pH=8.37 选选 酚酞酚酞 第二变色点第二变色点 pH=3.9 选选甲基红甲基红 过程: HCl / ,V1 CO2 + H2ONaOH + Na2CO3 NaOH + BaCO3 BaCl2 V2 HCl / NaCl + H2O%1001000%2SMCVNaOHNaOH%1001000)(21%322132SMVVCCONaCONa过程: NaOH HCl / NaCl HCl/ - Na2CO3 V1
9、NaHCO3 V2 H2O+CO2 %1001000)(%21SMVVCNaOHNaOH%1001000221%32232SMVCCONaCONa混碱 NaOH 酚酞 NaCl 甲基橙 - NaHCO3 V1 NaHCO3 V2 CO2 Na2CO3 NaHCO3 CO2()%100%1000HClHClNaOHNaOHNCVCVMNSaNH4+ + OH - NH3+ H2O NH3 + HCl(定过量) NH4Cl HCl(过量)+ NaOH NaCl + H2O加热b%100%1000HClHClNCVMNS4NH4+ + 6HCHO (CH2)6N4H+ + 3H+ + 6H2O14N
10、aOHNHnn%1001000%SMVCNNNaOHNaOH422)(424NHOHCONHCSOHSOCnmu解:aaCKH由0 . 3pH和510aK510bawbbCKKCKOH所以5pOH9pH解:2102100 . 1102 . 6100 . 1HKHaHCNHCNCN1CNHCN25. 0lg3 . 5lgbabaCCCpKpH由加入前LmolCNaOH/05. 0100401000200. 0已知6 . 5050. 025. 005. 0lg3 . 5bCpH由加入后LmolCb/35. 045. 520. 035. 0lg3 . 5pH原来的解:解:%44.93%1002000C%HCLSMVHCL硼砂硼砂%11.34%B3232硼砂硼砂MMOOB%MMB%B硼砂硼砂