1、Using language.阅读理解AWhen a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of
2、the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening? Apparently.Beca
3、use we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the_tables_are_turned.The attacker who was lunching now be
4、comes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbours.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbours，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Sc
5、ientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbours just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasnt a true，intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin，o
6、ver 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.1What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain che
7、micals.2What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.3Scientists find from their studies that plants can _.Apredict natural disastersBprote
8、ct themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbours when necessary4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were more i
9、maginative.BWe all love animals, but animals dont feel the same way about us.When we enter their wild world, we are “unnatural” invaders into their homes.There was a video many of you may have seen on the Internet recently of a bear and its cub (幼崽) climbing up a steep, snowcovered hill in Russia.Th
10、e mama bear makes it to the top without too much trouble, but the baby bear keeps sliding back down.It takes three attempts to reach the top and, no doubt, many cheered at the cubs nevergiveup spirit.But nature scientists who saw the video didnt cheer.Instead, the scientists were upset that the two
11、bears had been frightened into making a dangerous, unnecessary climb by the drone that was filming them.Sophie Gilbert of the University of Idaho said, “It showed a complete lack of understanding from the drone operator of the effects his actions were having on the bears.” Other scientists have foun
12、d that when a drone is hovering near, a bears heart rate can increase from 41 beats per minute to 162 beats per minute a high enough rate to cause a heart attack.Human disturbance has actually been having a farreaching influence on wildlife.Researchers at the University of Berkeley recently found th
13、at many mammals are turning into “night owls” again to avoid contact with humans.Such a shift might not only affect those species themselves, but also have numerous chain effects.We human beings find ourselves in a strange position in nature.We are part of it but also separate from it, now more than
14、 ever, since most of us live in cities.So, when we go hiking into wild areas to “reconnect” with nature, we should go softly and considerately.Its OK to get close to our animal friends, just not too close we wouldnt want to scare them, would we?5What does the video feature?AThe baby bears climbing.B
15、The mama bears care.CThe dangerous environment.DThe experiment by scientists.6Why didnt nature scientists cheer?ABecause they knew the bears family well.BBecause they were against other scientists.CBecause they knew the cause of the bears climbing.DBecause they lacked understanding of the drone oper
16、ator.7What may be the effect of human disturbance on wildlife?AFood shortage.BChanging habitats.CEcological imbalance.DLess contact with humans.8What does the author seem to agree with?ALosing connection with nature.BTightening the bond with wild animals.CRespecting the humananimal distance.DShootin
17、g more videos on animals for study.完形填空Many years ago, I was digging a vegetable garden in my backyard.Suddenly, a large German Shepherd (德国牧羊犬) that I would call Sam ran towards me, _1_.He came through the bush from the _2_ of a new house that was being built, some 20 meters away._3_， I ignored him
18、 and after a few more barks from Sam I realised that he needed my help.I followed him to a swimming pool.A white toy poodle (玩具贵宾犬) was swimming around in the _4_.The water level was too far below the edge for the dog to climb out.It had no _5_ but to keep swimming until exhaustion; it would _6_ to
19、the bottom and drown.It swam towards me and I was able to _7_it out of the water.I took the toy poodle home, dried it off and noticed a collar _8_ a name Midge, and an address, which was a fiveminute walk from my home.I took Midge back to its very _9_ owners.But that was not the end of the story.Som
20、e three weeks later, I was walking down the road when I was _10_ by two fierce dobermans (杜宾犬)They obviously had no _11_ of letting me pass._12_，Sam ran from behind me.Barking, he stood between the dobermans and me.He remained _13_ my fourlegged offenders withdrew.After one final _14_ “woof”，Sam wen
21、t back to his home, obviously believing that one good turn _15_ another.1A.circlingBjumpingCwatching Dbarking2A.way BcourseCdirection Dform3A.For a while BAt a timeCIn the meantime DOn occasion4A.fence BpoolChouse Dgarden5A.experience BalternativeCmotivation Dpreparation6A.float BdiveCsink Dswim7A.t
22、hrow BpushCkick Dlift8A.writing BrevealingCbearing Dwearing9A.grateful BsatisfiedCimpatient Dguilty10A.guided BaccompaniedCstopped Dfooled11A.promise BbeliefCresponsibility Dintention12A.Gradually BEventuallyCImmediately DSuddenly13A.but BuntilCas if Dnow that14A.pleasant BimpressiveCinspiring Dfrie
23、ndly15A.demands BsucceedsCdeserves Dinvolves.语法填空Some popular places to visit are built by people.Other famous places are the _1_ (create) of nature.In the northeast of the US, there was a famous rock on a high mountain _2_ looked just like an old man._3_ (locate) in the town of Franconia, New Hamps
24、hire, he had thick hair, a big nose and a beard.People called him The Old Man of the Mountain _4_ every year more than a million people came to visit him.The Old Man of the Mountain, also known _5_ the Great Stone Face, measured 40 _6_ (foot) tall.Scientists think that the stone face had been there
25、for about 17, 000 years.In May 2003, there were very high winds and the temperature was very cold near The Old Man of the Mountain.The sky was so _7_ (cloud) that people couldnt see the stone face for many days.As soon as the storm was over, people looked for The Old Man but they couldnt see him.The
26、y discovered that he _8_ (fall) apart.A number of scientists climbed up, _9_ (hope) to repair the stone face.They were disappointed at _10_ they saw the damage from the weather was just too bad.Using language.阅读理解AWhen a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，J
27、ack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as
28、volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening? Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But other
29、s do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the_tables_are_turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbours.The dama
30、ge is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbours，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branc
31、hes，and so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbours just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasnt a true，intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see an
32、d hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。1What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的reported that young maple t
33、rees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.可知，植物受到伤害时会散发出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。2What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get
34、attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.解析：选A句意理解题。根据第三段中的They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.以及画线部分后的The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.可知，画线
35、部分的意思是：袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。3Scientists find from their studies that plants can _.Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbours when necessary解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.和They pump out p
36、erfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were m
37、ore imaginative.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。BWe all love animals, but animals dont feel the same way about us.When we enter their wild world, we are “unnatural” invaders into their homes.There was a video many of you may have seen on
38、the Internet recently of a bear and its cub (幼崽) climbing up a steep, snowcovered hill in Russia.The mama bear makes it to the top without too much trouble, but the baby bear keeps sliding back down.It takes three attempts to reach the top and, no doubt, many cheered at the cubs nevergiveup spirit.B
39、ut nature scientists who saw the video didnt cheer.Instead, the scientists were upset that the two bears had been frightened into making a dangerous, unnecessary climb by the drone that was filming them.Sophie Gilbert of the University of Idaho said, “It showed a complete lack of understanding from
40、the drone operator of the effects his actions were having on the bears.” Other scientists have found that when a drone is hovering near, a bears heart rate can increase from 41 beats per minute to 162 beats per minute a high enough rate to cause a heart attack.Human disturbance has actually been hav
41、ing a farreaching influence on wildlife.Researchers at the University of Berkeley recently found that many mammals are turning into “night owls” again to avoid contact with humans.Such a shift might not only affect those species themselves, but also have numerous chain effects.We human beings find o
42、urselves in a strange position in nature.We are part of it but also separate from it, now more than ever, since most of us live in cities.So, when we go hiking into wild areas to “reconnect” with nature, we should go softly and considerately.Its OK to get close to our animal friends, just not too cl
43、ose we wouldnt want to scare them, would we?语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一段熊爬雪山的视频引发了科学家们对于人类打扰野生动物生活的反思。5What does the video feature?AThe baby bears climbing.BThe mama bears care.CThe dangerous environment.DThe experiment by scientists.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的of a bear and its cub (幼崽) climbing up a steep, snowcovere
44、d hill以及后文具体描写的内容可知，此段视频展示的是一只母熊和它的幼崽攀爬一座陡峭的雪山的情景。6Why didnt nature scientists cheer?ABecause they knew the bears family well.BBecause they were against other scientists.CBecause they knew the cause of the bears climbing.DBecause they lacked understanding of the drone operator.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，因
45、为科学家们知道使得这两只熊攀爬雪山的原因，而且明白它们是冒着生命危险在爬山，所以才为熊的处境担忧。7What may be the effect of human disturbance on wildlife?AFood shortage.BChanging habitats.CEcological imbalance.DLess contact with humans.解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的many mammals are turning into “night owls” again to avoid contact with humans.Such a shift m
46、ight not only affect those species themselves, but also have numerous chain effects.可知，许多哺乳动物变成了“夜猫子”以避免和人类接触，而这种变化不仅影响了这个物种本身，而且还会引起一系列的连锁反应；由此可推断，人类对野生生物的干扰可能会导致生态失衡。8What does the author seem to agree with?ALosing connection with nature.BTightening the bond with wild animals.CRespecting the human
47、animal distance.DShooting more videos on animals for study.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为人类应该和动物保持一定的距离，即尊重人类和动物之间的距离。.完形填空Many years ago, I was digging a vegetable garden in my backyard.Suddenly, a large German Shepherd (德国牧羊犬) that I would call Sam ran towards me, _1_.He came through the bush from the _2_ of a new house that was being built, some 20 meters away._3_， I ignored him and after a few more barks from Sam I realised that he needed my help.I followed him to a swimming pool.A white toy poodle (玩具贵宾犬) was swimming around in the _
